专业外贸翻译_外贸英译汉一般句子翻译

第三章 外贸英译汉一般句子翻译
句子(sentence)是比词语更高一级的语法层次，是能够单独存在并能表达相对完整意义的语言单位。一般说来，外贸英语交际活动都是以句子为基本语言单位展开的，因此句子在外贸英语翻译过程中占有最重要的位置，必须予以高度重视。
1句子成分转译
所谓句子成分转换，是指原文的句子成分在译文中变成了另一成分。由于英汉两种语言表达方式不尽相同，在具体外贸英语翻译时，有时往往需要转换一下句子成分，才能使译文达到逻辑正确、通顺流畅、重点突出等目的。
1.1转译为汉语的主语
①英语的动词宾语转译为汉语的主语
例1 Be careful, the building must have a solid foundation.
译文：注意,建筑物的基础要坚实。
②英语介词宾语转译为汉语的主语
例2 Ethnic groups differ in customs and habits.
译文：各民族的风俗习惯是不尽相同的。

例3 These approaches differ widely in their efficiency after practical operation.
译文：实地操作后证明，这些方法的效率大不相同。
③英语的表语转译为汉语的主语
英语中的主系表结构，有时可转译为汉语的主谓结构，即将表语译为主语，而将原文主语译为定语。
例4 Of all the metals the best conductors are silver, gold and copper.
译文：银,金和铜是金属中最好的导体。
④英语的定语转译为汉语的主语
这种转换主要见于"there+be+主语+介词"句型。此时，由介词表示的定语常可译为主语，省略介词。
例5 The renovations of this lathe have been made production on the increase.
译文：这台车床经过了革新，生产能力不断增加。
⑤英语的状语转译为汉语的主语
对"there+be+..." 结构,往往把句中的地点状语译为主语,同时略去介词。
例6 There are thirty subsidiary companies in our group..
译文：我们集团有30个子公司。
另外，原文句中状语在逻辑意义上说明主语时，则此状语往往可译为主语，而原主语转为定语，同时略去介词。

例7 In many countries, free-port areas or foreign-trade zones have been established, where   foreign   merchants need not pay tariffs for their unloaded goods if the goods remain within these areas or zones.
译文： 许多国家都建立了自由港和保税区，在那里，外国商人只要是在本区内，未卸船的货物可以不纳税。         
⑥谓语译为主语
这种转换主要涉及到诸如characterize、feature等一些特殊的动词。翻译时谓语译为主语,主语译为定语。
例9 The communications system is chiefly characterized by its ease with which it can be maintained.
译文：这一通讯系统的主要特征是容易维修。

例10 The new liquid crystals feature wide working temperature range, low voltage operation and high reliability.
译文：新型液晶的特点是工作温度范围宽,工作电压低和可靠性高。
1.2转译为汉语的宾语
①.英语主语转译为汉语中的宾语
例11 The importance of values in economical activities must be given due attention.
译文：必须适当关注价值观念在经济活动中的重要性。
例12 After he was elected chairman of the committee, Mr. Smith was found working in the lab early in the morning.
译文：史密斯当选以后，人们发现他一大早就到办公室工作了。

例13 Much progress has been made in computer science in less than a century
译文：不到一个世纪，计算机科学取得了很大进步。
②状语译为宾语
例14 Materials to be used for strutural prupose are chosen so as to behave elastically in the environmental condition.
译文：必须选择好结构上用的材料，使它们在周围环境条件下具有弹性。
1.3转译为汉语中的谓语
①英语中的定语转译为汉语中的谓语
若用分词或形容词作定语，且谓语为be或have时，有时可将这种定语译为句子的谓语，同时原句的主语转为定语，谓语动词多被省略。
例15 The two machines have the same efficiency.
译文：这两台机器的效率相同。
试比较：这两台机器有相同的效率。
另外，若是介词短语作句子的定语，翻译时也可以把介词短语译成中文的谓语。

例15 Martha bought a ninety-dollar suit for one-third off the regular price．
译文：玛莎以比原价便宜三分之一的价格买了一套价值为九十美元的衣服。
介词短语off the regular price作定语，译成词组“比原价便宜……价格”，作全句的修饰语，即：以比原价便宜三分之一的价格，玛莎买了一套价值为九十美元的衣服。
②英语中的表语转译为汉语中的谓语
英语形容词、副词、介词及其短语等句中做表语时,通常可译为汉语谓语。
例16 This explanation is against our claim.译文：这个解释违背我方投诉。
例17The new rule is applicable to foreigners.译文：这一项新规定适用与外国人。
例18There is a need for improvement in your products
译文：贵公司的产品需要改进

③主语转换成谓语
英语中常使用表示动作概念的名词作句子的主语,如care,attention,emphasis,requirement,
request,improvement,choice,inspection,thought等,在译成汉语时常可转换成谓语动词。
例19 Extreme care must be taken to the selection of raw materials.
译文：必须特别注意原材料的选择。
④状语转译成谓语
英语中有些介词短语作句子状语，翻译时可以译成中文的谓语。
例19 Time Warner will pay TCL 360 million dollars for the Southern Satellite company．
译文：时代华纳愿付给TCL三亿六千万美元购买南方卫星这家公司。
句中介词for作目的状语，译成动词，为连动式谓语。
例19 Of humble parentage，he began his working life in a shoe factory．
译文：由于出身低微，他的第一个工作是在一家制鞋厂。
介词短语of humble parentage在句中是状语，转译为连接词，构成因果关系复句。
1.4转译为汉语中的定语
英语少数主语可以译成中文的译为定语
例20 The service of our firm is characterized by several features: promptness, completeness and satisfaction
译文：我们公司提供服务的特点有：迅速、全面、满意。

例21 The operating system uses this device in varied forms.
译文：操作系统上的这种装置有各种不同的形状。
1.5转译为汉语中的状语
①主语转译成状语
例22 His carelessness in the shipment of goods led to a great economic loss to our company.
译文：由于装货粗心大意，他给我公司带来了巨大经济损失。
②定语转译成状语
例23 We need a dialogue which promotes our cooperation to develop international market.
译文：我们需要对话来推动我们两公司合作以开拓国际市场。

例24 His lack of interest in the project upset his colleagues who were trying every possible means to have it carried out.
译文：由于他对该计划不感兴趣，这使得他的同事们很担心，因为他们正在尽一切办法来履行这项计划。
③宾语译成状语：
例25 There is high probability that in the 21st century a good number of enterptises will excel in service rather than conventional tech research
译文：在21世纪，很多企业极有可能会在服务而不是传统的技术研究方面大显身手。

Try to translate the following sentences into Chinese.
⑴The wings are responsible for keeping the sir plane in the air.
⑵High-tech products of various types also can be manufactured in our company.
⑶Machinery has made the products of manufactories very much cheaper than formerly.
⑷The secretary cast impatient glances at the businessman,and turned away without answering his question.
⑸ Careful comparison of them will show you the difference.
⑹In recent years,increasing attention had been paid to the economic benefit in production of our factory.
⑺Scientists in that county are now supplied with necessary books ,epuipment and assistant ,that will ensure success in their scientific research.
⑻There always has been gaps in the economic interests of the two countries which can’t be bridged by one bilateral talk .　
⑼Many factors enter into unemployment in our country.
⑽Because he was convinced of the accuracy of this fact, he stuck to his opinion.

2句子结构转换
在外贸英译汉时有时为了使译文通顺自然，符合汉语的习惯，需要将整个句子的结构转换。
2.1英语的定语从句转译成汉语的状语从句
英语的定语从句并非都起补充说明或修饰等作用,有些定语从句具有明显的状语意义,说明主语的时间、条件、原因、目的、结果、让步等情况。汉译时，可处理为状语。这并非由于从句本身存在这些含义，而是由句子的前后逻辑意思所决定的。这种逻辑上存在的附加含义，存在于译者对原文的深入体会，在了解到附加含义后，在译文中就可加上“因为”；“当……时；“虽然……但”；“用以……”；“……以便……”；“……，从而……”等相应的连词，使句子前后呼应，互相连贯。
例26 To accept this offer, the buyer must sign and return it without any modifications to the sell, who must receive it no later than Jan.9th.2005.
译文：如接受这一要约，买方必须在2005年1月9日前，在不改变要约的前提下签字并返给对方。（时间状语）
例27 Electronic computers, which have many advantages, cannot carry out creative work and replace man.
译文：电子计算机虽然有许多优点，但它们不能进行创造性的工作，代替不了人。（让步状语）
2.2英语的状语从句转译成汉语的定语从句
例28 Television, which is one of the great new powers-for good or bad-of this century, lets a public man talk to millions while they sit in the private homes seeing him as it he were there in front of them.
译文：电视是本世纪伟大的新成就之一，既可以用来造福人类，也可以用来宣扬邪恶；知名人士通过电视可向坐在自己家里的成百万观众做演讲，使观众看着就好像他在面前一样。
2.3英语的复合句转译成汉语的单句
例29 The use of an inspection/test stamp is limited to the person to whom it is issued.
译文：检验或试验印章仅限于印章持有者本人使用。

例30 While I sympathize，I can’t really do very much to help.译文：我真是爱莫能助。
2.4独立结构译成并列句
例31 With the job finished，they went to the seaside for a holiday.
译文：工作做完以后，他们就到海边度假去了。

例32 With all his savings gone， he started to look for a job.
译文：积蓄都用完以后，他就开始去找工作。
2.5状语短语译成句子
例33 In the event of force majeure or any other contingencies beyond the Sellers’control, the Sellers shall not be held responsible for late delivery or non-delivery of the goods.
译文：如因人力不可抗拒的事故而致延期交货或无法交货时，卖方不负任何责任。

⑴We are sorry to say that we can’t accept your price. We have some suppliers who can do better.
⑵A 3 % discount is the best we can offer, because the prices of raw materials have gone up lately.
⑶With competition from similar garment producers, the merchandise must not only be of value but also look attractive.
⑷Please take necessary precaution that the packing can protect the goods from dampness or rain (leaking，pilferage)．
⑸One point I should add is that we’ll ship the goods duly, but your L/C must reach us 30 days before shipment.
⑹We feel it our duty to remind you once again that it is impossible to extend the L/C because of import license restriction.
⑺Despite the great age gap between them an instant affinity asserted itself
⑻For your safety,the electric appliance can only operate when it has been correctly mounted on a try and cool base.
⑼Computers are thought of a great technological improvement that saves people much time and energy.

3反译法
在外贸英语翻译过程中，有时需要把英语的肯定句译成汉语的否定句，或者把英语的否定句译成汉语的肯定句，才能使译文自然、流畅，才能准确传达买卖双方的真正用意，否则就会造成对方的误解，甚至会导致严重的经济后果。例如，It has been already two months since John was Chairman of the board 如果我们仅就字面意思去“对号入座”，将其译为“约翰担任董事长已经两个月了。”势必会使译文面目全非。而此句的真正含义是“约翰不担任董事长已经两个月了。”因此在商务英语翻译中要特别注意这种反译法的运用。
3.1英语的肯定句译成汉语的否定句
例1 I’m sure you will like the elegant handicrafts．
译文：毫无疑问你们会喜欢这些精美的工艺品．

例2 Such a chance was denied to us．译文：我们没有得到这样一个机会。
例3 From the visiting I can see that your factory has very good machinery and equipment，and also the dresses are perfectly designed．
译文：从参观中可以看出你们厂的机械和设备都是很好的，另外你们的服装设计得也很不错。

例4 As this is beyond our control due to the force majeure，we suggest that you lodge your claim with the insurance company．
译文：此为人力所无法抗拒的天灾，我方建议贵方向保险公司提出索赔。

例5 I know that you have provided your technological know—how to quite a number of clothing factories in our country．
译文：我知道您向我国不少服装厂家提供了专门技术。

例6 The decision is to come．译文：尚未做出决定。
例7Keep dry切勿受潮      Keep top side up切勿倒置
例8The signal was shown about the machine being in order．
译文：信号表明机器没有毛病。

例9  Inflation is target of bank’s new policy．
该句的字面意思是：银行新政策的目标是通货膨胀。但此句的含义却恰恰相反，而是：银行新政策的目标是制止通货膨胀。因此我们在翻译时必须把inflation看成是ant inflation，使之表达准确。
例10 This sort of situation highlights a critical weakness in the MNC management ：accountabi1ity．
如按字面则译成：这种情况突出了跨国公司管理部门的极为严重的弱点：有责任心。 “有责任心”怎么能是“弱点”呢? 这种译文显然是错误的。作者在句尾所表达的真正含义其实和前面提到的“弱点”是一致的，即可理解成unaccountabi1ity。那么全句应译成：这种情况突出了跨国公司管理部门的极为严重的弱点：玩忽职守(无责任心)。

3.2英语的否定句译成汉语的肯定句
例1l The doubt was sti11 unsolved after your repeated explanations．
译文：虽然你一再解释，我们的疑团仍然存在。

例12 Al1 the articles are untouchable in the museum. 译文：博物馆内一切展品禁止触摸。
例13 As you know that they have no intention to meet us half way，we have no choice but to lodge a formal complaint before the court．
译文：如您所知，他们无意向我们让步，我们只有向法院提出诉讼。

例14 The significance of making these projects wasn’t lost on us．
译文：这些计划的出台引起了我们的重视。
例15 Are you sure the broken packages weren’t caused by handling improperly?
译文：您能肯定这些破损的包装不是由于粗心大意装卸造成的吗?

例16 We understand your inconvenience． 译文：我们理解贵方的困难之处。
例17 A1l these marketing investigations are not done for nothing．
译文：所有这些市场调查都是有目的的。
上述例句中用no，not或者带有de一，dis一，im一，in一，un一，一less等具有否定含义词缀的词，在译成汉语时都避免使用“不”， “非”， “无”， “没有”， “未”， “否”等字眼，即反意翻译。总之，在外贸英语翻译过程中要准确使用反译法。反译法若运用不当，往往是译文和原文的意思完全相反。在商务英语中，如外贸谈判或业务往来的信函中，如果不能正确地理解原文，在翻译中出现误译轻则使买卖双方不悦，重则造成生意的失败，使公司或企业蒙受巨大的经济损失。
Exersise in class
Try to translate the following sentences into Chinese.
⑴I never passed the theatre but I thought of his last performance.
⑵Hardly a month goes by without word of another survey revealing new depths of scientific illiteracy among U.S. citizens.
⑶Under such times as mankind has the sense to lower its population to the point where the planet can provide a comfortable support for all, people will have to accept more“unnatural food”.
⑷This will be particularly true since energy pinch will make it difficult to continue agriculture in the high-energy American fashion that makes it possible to combine few farmers with high yields.
⑸The conclusion we reached in Britain is that change simply cannot sensibly be put off.
⑹Man are too clever to let themselves be cheated by fashion designers.
⑺The board director has not, so far, justified the hopes which the staff of the enterprise set on it.
⑻He is strange to compliment.
⑼ I'll see you dead before I accept your term.
⑽These names mentioned by him were new to me.

4顺译法
翻译外贸英语，尤其是有关法律、合约等英语句子时，有时我们可把原文的句子结构整个保存下来或只稍加改变即可，即运用对应句型或采取顺译法处理。
现举例说明如下：
例1 The purpose of “Incoterms” is to provide a set of international rules for the interpretation of the most commonly used trade in foreign trade.
译文：国际贸易术语解释通则的目的在于对于国际贸易中最普遍使用的贸易术语提供一套国际通用的释义。
在这一例子中，英文句子中除了定语是后置以外，其余部分与汉语译文的顺序大体一致，基本对应。

例2 Frequently parties to a contract are unaware of the different trading practices in their respective counties.
译文：合同的当事人对于他们各自国家之间不同的贸易习惯，往往不甚了解。

例3 The contents of the covering Letter of Credit shall be in strict accordance with the stipulations of the Sales Contract.
译文：信用证内容必须严格符合本售货合约的规定。

例4 All disputes arising in connection with this Sales Contract or the execution there of shall be settled amicably through negotiation.
译文：凡因执行本合约或有关本合约所发生的一切争执，双方应以友好方式协商解决。

例5 In these cases it is of vital importance, when using EDI messages, to ensure that the buyer has the same legal position as he would have obtained of he had recerved a bill of lading from the seller.
译文：在这种情况下，使用电子资料交换单证，确保买方具有如同其受到卖放提单一样的法律地位是至关重要的。

例7 The continental United States, not counting Alaska and Hawalii, measures 4500 kilometers from its Atlantic to Pacific coast, 2575 kilometers from Canada to Mexico.
译文：美国大陆，不包括阿拉斯加和夏威夷，从大西洋海岸到太平洋海岸的东西距离是4500公里，从加拿大到墨西哥边境的南北距离是2575公里。

例8 The main role of our office is to carry out market research, collect business information and give information to potential clients about out products.
译文：我们代表的主要任务是进行市场调查，收集商业信息，向潜在用户介绍我们的产品。

例9 According to the Joint Venture Law of China, a joint venture shall take the form of a limited liability company and the profits and losses of a joint venture shall be shared by the parties to the venture in proportion to their contributions to the registered capital.
译文：依据中国合资企业法之规定，合资企业应该以有限责任公司的形式出现，由合资各方按照注册资本的比例，利益共享，风险共担。
Exersise in class
Try to translate the following sentences into Chinese.
⑴Import and export trades are two sides of the same coin, and both can have beneficial effects on the home market.
⑵Imports create competition for home-produced goods; exporting gives a manufacturer a larger market for his products, so helping to reduce the unit cost.
⑶These factors mean that importing and exporting are subject to a lot of formalities, such as customs entry and exchange control approval.
⑷It means that foreign trade involves specialized knowledge, and highly-trained personnel.
⑸Large firms, like the manufacturers of motor vehicles, computers and heavy electrical equipment, will usually have their own import-export departments.
⑹Clearing and forwarding agents handle all the details of transporting cargo: packing, weighing and marking, making customs entries, and the many dock services entailed in loading and unloading.
⑺Raw materials like virgin non-ferrous merals, and some items of produce, such as raw cotton, vegetable oil and wheat, can be accurately graded, and the grades remain the same, year in, year out.
⑻Some commodities, however, like tea and wool and certain spices, cannot be accurately graded because the quality varies from year to year, and from consignment to consignment.

5逆序法
逆序法又称倒置法,主要指句子的前后倒置问题。有些英语长句的表达次序与汉语习惯不同，甚至语序完全相反，这就必须从原文的后面译起，逆着原文的顺序翻译。逆序法在长句的翻译中，我们可根据不同的情况按意群进行全部逆序或部分逆序。
例1 There are many wonderful stories to tell about the places I visited and the people I met.
分析：该句可以拆分为三部分:There are many wonderful stories to tell about/the places I visited/the people I met.这句英语长句的叙述层次与汉语逻辑相反，所以采用逆译法。
译文：我访问了一些地方，遇到不少人，要谈起来，奇妙的事可多着呢。
例2 There was little hope of continuing my inquiries after dark to any useful purpose in a neighborhood that was strange to me.
分析：该句可分为三部分:There was little hope/continuing my inquiries after dark to any useful purpose/in a neighborhood that was strange to me.
第一、二层次是表示结果，第三层次表示原因，按照中文的表达习惯，常把原因放在结果前面。这句英语长句的叙述层次与汉语逻辑相反，因此要打破原句的结构，按照汉语造句的规律重新加以安排。
译文：这一带我不熟悉，天黑以后继续进行调查，取得结果的希望不大。
Exersise in or after class
Try to translate the following sentences into Chinese.
⑴Aluminum remained unknown until the nineteenth century，because nowhere in nature is it found free，owing to its always being combined with other elements，most commonly with oxygen，for which it has a strong affinity.
⑵It therefore becomes more and more important that，if students are not to waste their opportunities，there will have to be much more detailed information about courses and more advice.
⑶They cannot assume that they will stay at the forefront of science and technology as they have for a century.
⑷They are the first to experience technological progress as a curse which destroys the old muscle-power jobs that previous generations used as a means to fight their way out of poverty.
⑸A great number of graduate students were driven into the intellectual slum when in the United States the intellectual poor became the classic poor，the poor under the rather romantic guise of the Beat Generation，a real phenomenon in the late fifties.
⑹Such is a human nature in the West that a great many people are often willing to sacrifice higher pay for the privilege of becoming white collar workers.

6分句法
由于英语和汉语是差异很大的两种语言，可以说句子结构和语序基本对应的句子很少，而不同的却是比比皆是。因此在翻译时，在不少情况下必须将原句结构作较大的改变。所谓分句是指把原文的一个句子译成两个或两个以上的句子。
①把原文中一个单词或短语译成句子，使原文的一个句子分译成两个或两个以上的句子。
例1 Dell’s sales are growing 50% on average, admittedly from a very low base.
译文：不可否认，尽管起点低，但是戴尔公司的销售量正以平均50% 的速度递增。
（把admittedly from a very low base这一短语，译成一个句子。）
例2 We are disappointed at the buyers’ disregard for proper international trading rules.
译文：买主无视正当的国际贸易法则，对此我们很失望。
（把划线的介词短语译成一个完整的句子，使得这一英文单句的译文变成了复合句。）
例3 I am leaving Beijing tomorrow, heartened with the trade agreements we have reached, cheered by the frankness and fullness of our discussion, grateful for the hospitality you have accorded to our party.
译文：我明天就要离开北京了。我们所达成的贸易协定使我感到鼓舞，我们坦率而充实的会谈使我感到高兴，你们给予我们一行的款待使我十分感激。（三个做表语的短语都译成了句子。）
②把原文的一个句子拆开，译成两个或两个以上的句子。
例4 Strange enough, they were the same age to the day.
译文：说来也真巧，他两个年龄一样大，而且还是同日生的。

例5 We have forwarded the catalogs and drawings you sent us to some large manufacturers and now have an affirmative answer from a factory in Shanghai.
译文：我们已将寄来的目录和图纸转交几家大厂。现已接到上海一家工厂愿承办的答复。

例6 Australia has already experienced the economic benefits of close commercial relations with countries bordering on the Pacific. The process of cooperation began in the 1950s with the initiation of our commercial relations with Japan.
译文：澳大利亚在同太平洋沿岸国家的密切贸易往来中，在经济上已经受益。这种合作进程始于50年代，最早是与日本建立贸易关系。

例7 The Joint Declaration on the future of Hongkong provides the frame-work in which, as a Special Administrative Region of the People’s Republic of China, Hongkong will maintain its economic system and way of life for 50 years after the first of July 1997.
译文：关于香港前途的联合声明提供了一个框架。根据这个框架，香港作为中华人民共和国的特别行政区，在1997年7月1日以后的50年中，将保持其经济制度和生活方式。
Exersise in or after class
Try to translate the following sentences into Chinese.
⑴Illogically, she had expected some kind of miracle solution.
⑵They, not unexpectedly, did not respond.
⑶Those Chinese scientists in Silicon Valley are understandably proud of their achievements.
⑷He arrived in Washington at a ripe moment internationally.
⑸His failure to observe the safety regulations resulted in an accident to the machinery.
⑹But, occasionally, through haste and carelessness, mistakes were made, so that at the end of the business day one teller would be short on cash, the other long.
⑺He unnecessarily spent a lot of time introducing this book, which the students are familiar with.
⑻We tried in vain to persuade him to give up his wrong belief.
⑼It has been rightly stated that this situation is a threat to international security.
⑽We've increased our market share faster than our rivals, which is good news.

7合句法
所谓合句是指把原文两个或两个以上的单句或复合句在译文中用一个单句或复句来表达。
7.1把原文中两个或两个以上的简单句译成一个单句或复句
例1 We received your letter of June 3, 2006. In your letter you asked about purchasing software for use in your accounting department.
译文：从贵公司2006年6月3日函获悉，贵方拟购会计部使用的电脑软件。

例2 His father had a small business in the city of Pisa. This city is in the north of Italy near the sea.
译文：他的父亲在意大利北部近海的比萨城做小生意。

例3 An offer is a promise to supply goods on the terms and conditions stated. It must be made and accepted before a contract can exist.
译文：发盘就是按所述条件供货的一种承诺，要在订立合同前提出与接受。

例4 The sales letter is a form of advertising. It aims to sell particular kinds of goods or services to selected types of customers.
译文：推销信件是一种广告宣传，其目的在于销售特定货物或为特定客户提供服务。

例5 The completion of loading all Antwerp cargo is expected to be on 14 April. The estimated time of arrival in Xingang as given by the vessel is 30 May.
译文：在安特卫普港的所有货物预期于4月14日装完，该轮预抵新港如期为5月30日。
7.2把原文中的主从复合句译成一个汉语复句
例6 As soon as the exchange of control documents is completed, both sides may start direct business with each other.
译文：一俟检查文件备妥，双方即可开始办理与对方的直接业务。

例7 If you require, we can provide first-class reference.
译文：如有需要，我司可提供一流的资信证明。

例8 Offers, however, should be made with accuracy, because once duly accepted they are binding legally.
译文：发盘应准确无误，因为发盘一经接受，就具有法律效力。

例9 Pure iron is not used in industry because it is too soft.译文：纯铁太软，所以不用在工业上。
例10 Provided we receive your order by 30 October, we make you a firm offer for delivery at the middle of November at the prices quoted.
译文：现按所列价格，报供11月中旬交货的实盘，以10月30 日前收到你方订单为准。

例11 We shall be most grateful of you will introduce him to reliable manufacturers and give him any help or advice he may need.
译文：如蒙为他介绍可靠厂商并提供所需建议与协助，不胜感激。

例12 I will appreciate your letting me know whether you will be able to come.
译文：如能告知是否光临，甚为感谢。
7.3把原文中的并列句译成一个汉语单句或复句。
例13 We appreciate the good quality of your shoes, but unfortunately your prices appear to be on the high side even for shoes of this quality.
译文：我们欣赏贵公司鞋的质量，但是美中不足的是你们的价格，即便对这种质量的鞋来说，也显得偏高。

例14 We wish we could lower our prices but unfortunately we cannot do so.
译文：我们也希望再降低价格，但很遗憾，实在无能为力了。

例15 The 100 Coffee Sets supplied to the Order No.U89 were delivered yesterday, but we regret that 15 sets were badly damaged.
译文：我公司U89号订单项下100套咖啡器皿昨天运到，但遗憾的是其中15套严重损坏。

例16 We hope this will go smoothly and you are able to conclude the contract soon.
译文：希望一切顺利，并速签合同。

例17 Until now we have been able to absorb rising costs by economies in other directions, but now we can no longer do so.
译文：截止目前，我公司一直设法通过节省其他方面的费用来承担不断上扬的成本，但目前已无法维持。

Exersise in class
Try to translate the following sentences into Chinese.
⑴The buyer has to rely on the manufacturers’ reputation, and if he is a stockist, he will have to purchase and finance stocks on which he may not get his money back for a long time.
⑵ The commodity dealer, unless he takes a position, will be satisfied with only five, two or one per cent of profit margin.
⑶In this case goods may be sent on consignment, unsold, and the agent is expected to obtain the best price available; but this practice is more common with produce exports.
⑷ Normally four copies of a bill of lading are issued. Two copies will be signed by the ship’s master or his agent, two remaining unsigned.
⑸Consular invoices are declarations made at the consulate of the importing country. They confirm the ex-works cost of a consignment.
⑹If the answer are favorable, the intending exporter must then decide exactly how be will market his product. Should be open his own office, or employ a sole agent, or many different agents?
⑺A draft is an order to pay. It is made by an exporter and presented to the importer, usually through a bank.
⑻This is because of lower labour costs and free availability of local raw materials, and they are not only cheaper, but often of high quality when experience has been gained.
⑼The young man was very miserable. He had no money about him. All his savings had been stolen.
⑽That day, the President had an interview with his father. His father was going to USA by plane.
⑾ He was clean. His mind was open.