合同翻译的划分与种类有哪几种
专业翻译公司就来给大家介绍到底合同翻译的类型有哪几种呢?
一、商务合同翻译
合同是双方合作的一个重要凭证,尤其是上市公司,合同更为重要。所以,签订合同的时候,一旦存在内容错误,如:翻译数据存在失误或者是表达专业术语不够准确等,会造成很大的损失且无可误会。因而,在正式的合同翻译工作中,一定要针对不同文献所属领域,对其架构进行研究,只有对基本架构足够了解了,再进行下面的翻译工作。
二、契约合同翻译
在合同翻译中,契约翻译还是非常常见的。主要体现出一种雇佣关系,如工厂、企业之间。对于契约翻译,要重视的地方在于合作标准在内容上的体现,而对排版反而不会很重视。所以,这类合同翻译时,对内容的翻译时必须要重视起来的。
三、工程承包合同翻译
当然,这类合同翻译其实和商务合同还是很类似的,只不过有不同的合同形式。而且工程合同和商务合同之间最大的不同之处在于工程承包合同中挥涉及到非常多的数据。因而,译员要特别注意在金额和时间等数据上的翻译的准确性,还要忽略掉繁琐的形式,做到简洁很重要。
合同可有下列不同的标准划分:
oral/parole contract and written contract (口头合同与书面合同)
consensual contract and real contract (诺成合同与实践合同)
formal contract and informal contract (要式合同与不要式合)
unilateral contract and bilateral contract (单务合同与双务合同)
principal contract and accessory contract (主合同与从合同)
causative contract and non-causative contract (要因合同与不要因合同)
commutative contract and independent contract (可替换合同与独立合同)
express contract and implied contract (明示合同与隐含合同)
divisible contract and indivisible contract (可分合同与不可分合同)
entire contract and severable contract (不可分合同与可分合同)
executed contract and executory contract (已履行的合同与待履行的合同)
gratuitous contract and onerous contract (无偿合同与有偿合同)
certain contract and hazardous contract (确定合同与射幸合同)
simple contract and contract under seal (盖印合同与非盖印合同)
joint and several contract (连带合同)
conditional contract (附条件合同)
constructive contract (推定合同)
investment contract (投资合同)
open end contract (无限制合同)
quasi contract (准合同)
altruistic contract (利他合同)
cost-plus contract (用于政府采购的照本加成合同)
gentleman's agreement: Generally an unsigned and unenforceable agreement made between parties who expect its performance because of good faith.君子协定(即当事人未被签字也不会强制实施的,仅仅寄希望于双方诚意履行的协议)
1999年中国《合同法》第九章到第二十三章就合同种类做了概括,它们分别是:
Sales contracts (买卖合同)
Contracts for Supply of Power, Water, Gas or Heat (供用电、水、气、热力合同)
Gift contracts (赠与合同)
Contracts for loan of money (借款合同)
Leasing contracts (租凭合同)
Financial leasing contracts (融资租凭合同)
Work-for-hire contracts (承揽合同)
Contacts for construction projects (建筑工程合同)
Carriage contracts (运输合同)
Technology contracts (技术合同)
Safe-keeping contracts (保管合同)
Warehousing contracts (仓储合同)
Agency appointment contracts (委托代理合同)
Trading trust contracts (委托合同)
Brokerage contracts ( 行纪合同和居间合同)
劳动人事方面包括:
labor contract (劳动合同)
confidentiality agreement (保密协议)
non-complete agreement (竞争禁止协议)
human agency agreement (人事代理协议)
contract of sale of commodity houses (商品房买卖合同)
tenancy agreement (租凭协议)
contract for assignment, lease and transfer of the right to the use of land
土地使用权出让、出租、转让合同)
mortgage agreement (抵押合同)
loan contract (贷款合同)
property management contract (物业管理合同)
contract for construction engineering and installation of project (建议工程承包、安装合同)
服务方面有:
Technical service agreement 技术服务合同
technical consulting agreement 技术咨询合同
technical development agreement 技术开发合同
technical transfer agreement 技术转让合同
licensing agreement 许可合同
Agency agreement (代理协议)
Insurance contract (保险合同)
Financing agreement (融资协议)
Venture capital management agreement (风险投资管理协议)
Employment contract for legal consultant (法律顾问协议)
公司方面包括有:
joint venture contract (合资企业合同)
articles of association, corporate bylaw (章程)
partnership agreement (合伙协议)
agreement on assignment of equity interests (股权转让协议)
composition agreement (和解协议)
物流(Logistics)方面包括有:
sales contract (买卖合同)
purchase contract (采购合同)
carriage/transportation contract (运输合同)
import and export contract (进出口合同)
warehousing and safekeeping contract (仓储保管合同)
contract for compensation trade (补偿贸易合同)
人身(personal right)方面包括有:
legacy-support agreement (遗赠抚养协议)
divorce agreement (离婚协议)。
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