数学公式的英文读法和常用数学术语英语翻译

　　1.Logic

　　∃ there exist

　　∀ for all

　　p⇒q p implies q / if p, then q

　　p⇔q p if and only if q /p is equivalent to q / p and q are equivalent

　　2.Sets

　　x∈A x belongs to A / x is an element (or a member) of A

　　x∉A x does not belong to A / x is not an element (or a member) of A

　　A⊂B A is contained in B / A is a subset of B

　　A⊃B A contains B / B is a subset of A

　　A∩B A cap B / A meet B / A intersection B

　　A∪B A cup B / A join B / A union B

　　A\B A minus B / the diference between A and B

　　A×B A cross B / the cartesian product of A and B

　　3. Real numbers

　　x+1 x plus one

　　x-1 x minus one

　　x±1 x plus or minus one

　　xy xy / x multiplied by y

　　(x - y)(x + y) x minus y, x plus y

　　x y x over y

　　= the equals sign

　　x = 5 x equals 5 / x is equal to 5

　　x≠5 x (is) not equal to 5

　　x≡y x is equivalent to (or identical with) y

　　x ≡ y x is not equivalent to (or identical with) y

　　x > y x is greater than y

　　x≥y x is greater than or equal to y

　　x < y x is less than y

　　x≤y x is less than or equal to y

　　0 < x < 1 zero is less than x is less than 1

　　0≤x≤1 zero is less than or equal to x is less than or equal to 1

　　| x | mod x / modulus x

　　x 2 x squared / x (raised) to the power 2

　　x 3 x cubed

　　x 4 x to the fourth / x to the power four

　　x n x to the nth / x to the power n

　　x −n x to the (power) minus n

　　x (square) root x / the square root of x

　　x 3 cube root (of) x

　　x 4 fourth root (of) x

　　x n nth root (of) x

　　( x+y ) 2 x plus y all squared

　　( x y ) 2 x over y all squared

　　n! n factorial

　　x ^ x hat

　　x ¯ x bar

　　x ˜ x tilde

　　x i xi / x subscript i / x suffix i / x sub i

　　∑ i=1 n a i the sum from i equals one to n a i / the sum as i runs from 1 to n of the a i

　　4. Linear algebra

　　‖ x ‖ the norm (or modulus) of x

　　OA → OA / vector OA

　　OA ¯ OA / the length of the segment OA

　　A T A transpose / the transpose of A

　　A −1 A inverse / the inverse of A

　　5. Functions

　　f( x ) fx / f of x / the function f of x

　　f:S→T a function f from S to T

　　x→y x maps to y / x is sent (or mapped) to y

　　f'( x ) f prime x / f dash x / the (first) derivative of f with respect to x

　　f''( x ) f double-prime x / f double-dash x / the second derivative of f with respect to x

　　f'''( x ) triple-prime x / f triple-dash x / the third derivative of f with respect to x

　　f (4) ( x ) f four x / the fourth derivative of f with respect to x

　　∂f ∂ x 1 the partial (derivative) of f with respect to x1

　　∂ 2 f ∂ x 1 2 the second partial (derivative) of f with respect to x1

　　∫ 0 ∞ the integral from zero to infinity

　　lim⁡ x→0 the limit as x approaches zero

　　lim⁡ x→ 0 + the limit as x approaches zero from above

　　lim⁡ x→ 0 − the limit as x approaches zero from below

　　log e y log y to the base e / log to the base e of y / natural log (of) y

　　ln⁡y log y to the base e / log to the base e of y / natural log (of) y

　　常用数学术语英语翻译

　　数学 mathematics, maths (BrE), math (AmE)

　　公理 axiom

　　定理 theorem

　　计算 calculation

　　运算 operation

　　证明 prove

　　假设 hypothesis, hypotheses(pl.)

　　命题 proposition

　　算术 arithmetic

　　加 plus(prep.), add(v.), addition(n.)

　　被加数 augend, summand

　　加数 addend

　　和 sum

　　减 minus(prep.), subtract(v.), subtraction(n.)

　　被减数 minuend

　　减数 subtrahend

　　差 remainder

　　乘 times(prep.), multiply (v.), multiplication(n.)

　　被乘数 multiplicand, faciend

　　乘数 multiplicator

　　积 product

　　除 divided by (prep.), divide (v.), division (n.)

　　被除数 dividend

　　除数 divisor

　　商 quotient

　　等于 equals, is equal to, is equivalent to

　　大于 is greater than

　　小于 is lesser than

　　大于等于 is equal or greater than

　　小于等于 is equal or lesser than

　　运算符 operator

　　数字 digit

　　数 number

　　自然数 natural number

　　整数 integer

　　小数 decimal

　　小数点 decimal point

　　分数 fraction

　　分子 numerator

　　分母 denominator

　　比 ratio

　　正 positive

　　负 negative

　　零 null, zero, nought, nil

　　十进制 decimal system

　　二进制 binary system

　　十六进制 hexadecimal system

　　权 weight, significance

　　进位 carry

　　截尾 truncation

　　四舍五入 round

　　下舍入 round down

　　上舍入 round up

　　有效数字 significant digit

　　无效数字 insignificant digit

　　代数 algebra

　　公式 formula, formulae(pl.)

　　单项式 monomial

　　多项式 polynomial, multinomial

　　系数 coefficient

　　未知数 unknown, x-factor, y-factor, z-factor

　　等式，方程式 equation

　　一次方程 simple equation

　　二次方程 quadratic equation

　　三次方程 cubic equation

　　四次方程 quartic equation

　　不等式 inequation

　　阶乘 factorial

　　对数 logarithm

　　指数，幂 exponent

　　乘方 power

　　二次方，平方 square

　　三次方，立方 cube

　　四次方 the power of four, the fourth power

　　n次方 the power of n, the nth power

　　开方 evolution, extraction

　　二次方根，平方根 square root

　　三次方根，立方根 cube root

　　四次方根 the root of four, the fourth root

　　n次方根 the root of n, the nth root

　　集合 aggregate

　　元素 element

　　空集 void

　　子集 subset

　　交集 intersection

　　并集 union

　　补集 complement

　　映射 mapping

　　函数 function

　　定义域 domain, field of definition

　　值域 range

　　常量 constant

　　变量 variable

　　单调性 monotonicity

　　奇偶性 parity

　　周期性 periodicity

　　图象 image

　　数列，级数 series

　　微积分 calculus

　　微分 differential

　　导数 derivative

　　极限 limit

　　无穷大 infinite(a.) infinity(n.)

　　无穷小 infinitesimal

　　积分 integral

　　定积分 definite integral

　　不定积分 indefinite integral

　　有理数 rational number

　　无理数 irrational number

　　实数 real number

　　虚数 imaginary number

　　复数 complex number

　　矩阵 matrix

　　行列式 determinant

　　几何 geometry

　　点 point

　　线 line

　　面 plane

　　体 solid

　　线段 segment

　　射线 radial

　　平行 parallel

　　相交 intersect

　　角 angle

　　角度 degree

　　弧度 radian

　　锐角 acute angle

　　直角 right angle

　　钝角 obtuse angle

　　平角 straight angle

　　周角 perigon

　　底 base

　　边 side

　　高 height

　　三角形 triangle

　　锐角三角形 acute triangle

　　直角三角形 right triangle

　　直角边 leg

　　斜边 hypotenuse

　　勾股定理 Pythagorean theorem

　　钝角三角形 obtuse triangle

　　不等边三角形 scalene triangle

　　等腰三角形 isosceles triangle

　　等边三角形 equilateral triangle

　　四边形 quadrilateral

　　平行四边形 parallelogram

　　矩形 rectangle

　　长 length

　　宽 width