中央国家机关首长名称翻译-国务院所属各部、委、局的名称-外交事务常用语

　　中央国家机关首长名称(Titles of the leaders of Organizations of the Central Authorties)

　　副委员长Vice-Chairman

　　副主席 Vice-President

　　副总理 Vice-Premier

　　国务委员 State Councilor

　　国务院总理 Premier of the State Council

　　全国人民代表大会常务委员会委员长 Chairman of the Standing Committee of the National People’s Congress

　　中国人民政治协商会议全国委员会主席 Chairman of the National Committee of the Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference

　　中华人民共和国主席 President of the People’s Republic of China

　　中央军事委员会主席 Chairman of the Central Military Commission

　　最高人民法院院长 President of the Supreme People’s Court

　　最高人民检察院检察长 Chief Procurator of the Supreme People’s Procuratorate

　　12.中国主要群众组织名称(Names of Major Mass Organizations of China)

　　中国奥林匹克委员会 China Olympic Committee

　　中国保险学会 China Insurance Society

　　中国当代文字研究会 Chinese Society for Studying Contemporary Literature

　　中国福利会 China Welfare Institute

　　中国国际交流协会 China Association for International Understanding

　　中国国际贸易促进委员会 China Council for the Promotion of International Trade

　　中国红十字协会 Red Cross Society of China

　　中国环境科学学会 China Society of Environmental Sciences

　　中国教育工会China Educational Workers Trade Union

　　中国金融学会 China Monetary Society

　　中国科学技术协会 China Association of Science and Technology

　　中国拉丁美洲友好协会 China-Latin America Friendship Association

　　中国伦理学会 China Society of Ethics

　　中国逻辑学会 China Logical Society

　　中国美术家协会 Union of Chinese Artists

　　中国农学会 China Society of Agronomy

　　中国人民对外友好协会 Chinese People’s Association of Friendship with Foreign countries

　　中国人民救济总会 Chinese People’s Relief Administration

　　中国人民外交学会 Chinese People’s Institute of Foreign Affairs

　　中国统计学会 China Statistical Society

　　中国外语教学研究会 Chinese Foreign Languages Teaching Research Society

　　中国心理学会 China Society of Psychology

　　中国修辞学会 China Society of Rhetoric

　　中国亚非团结委员会 China Committee for Afro-Asian Solidarity

　　中国伊斯兰教协会 Chinese Islamic Association

　　中国音乐家协会 Union of Chinese Musicians

　　中国语言学会 China Society of Linguistics

　　中国作家协会 Union of Chinese Writers

　　中华护理学会 China Nurses’ Association

　　中华全国科学技术普及协会 All-China Association for the Dissemination of Scientific and Technical Knowledge

　　中华全国民主妇女联合会 All-China Federation of Democratic Women

　　中华全国民主青年联合会 All-China Federation of Democratic Youth

　　中华全国体育总会 All-China Sports Federation

　　中华全国文学艺术界联合会 All-China Federation of Literary and Art Circles

　　中华全国学生联合会 All-China Students’ Federation

　　中华全国总工会 All-China Federation of Trade Unions

　　中华医学会 China Medical Association

　　中尼友好协会 China-Nepal Friendship Association

　　国务院所属各部、委、局的名称(Names of the Ministries, Commissions and Bureaus Under the State Council)

　　兵器工业部 Ministry of Ordnance Industry

　　财政部 Ministry of Finance

　　城乡建设环境保护部 Ministry of Urban and Rural Construction and Environmental Protection

　　地质矿产部 Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources

　　电子工业部 Ministry of Electronics Industry

　　对外经济贸易部 Ministry of Foreign Economic Relations and Trade

　　对外贸易经济合作部 Ministry of Foreign Trade and Economic Cooperation

　　纺织工业部 Ministry of Textile Industry

　　工商行政管理总局 General Bureau of Industrial and Commercial Administration

　　公安部 Ministry of Public Security

　　广播电影电视部 Ministry of Radio, Film and Television

　　国防部 Ministry of National Defense

　　国防科学技术工业委员会 the Commission of Science, Technology and Industry for National Defense

　　国家安全部 Ministry of State Security

　　国家标准总局 State Bureau of Standardization

　　国家测量制图局 State Bureau of Surveying and Cartography

　　国家档案局 State Archives Bureau

　　国家地震局 State Bureau of Seismology

　　国家发展计划委员会 State Development Planning Commission

　　国家海洋局 State Oceanic Bureau

　　国家计划生育委员会 The State Family Planning Commission

　　国家计划委员会 The State Planning Commission

　　国家计量总局 State Bureau of Metrology

　　国家教育委员会 the State Commission of Education

　　国家经济体制改革委员会 the State Commission for Restructuring Economic System

　　国家经济委员会 the State Economic Commission

　　国家科学技术委员会 the State Science and Technology Commission

　　国家民族事务委员会 the State Nationalities Affairs Commission

　　国家商品检验局 State Commodity Inspection Bureau

　　国家水产总局 State Bureau of Aquatic Products

　　国家税务局 State Taxation Administration

　　国家体育运动委员会 the State Physical Culture and Sports Commission

　　国家统计局 State Statistical Bureau

　　国家物价局 State Bureau of Commodities Prices

　　国家物资局 State Bureau of Goods and Materials

　　国家新闻出版署 State Press and Publications Bureau

　　国内贸易部 Ministry of Internal Trade

　　国土资源部 Ministry of Land and Natural Resources

　　国务院参事室 Office of Counselors to the State Council

　　国务院港澳办公室 Hong Kong and Macao Affairs Office Under the State Council

　　国务院侨务办公室 Overseas Chinese Affairs Office Under the State Council

　　海关总署 General Administration Industry

　　航空工业部 Ministry of Aeronautics Industry

　　航天工业部 Ministry of Astronautics Industry

　　核工业部 Ministry of Nuclear Industry

　　华侨事务委员会 Overseas Chinese Affairs Commission

　　化学工业部 Ministry of Chemical Industry

　　机械工业部 Ministry of Machine-Building Industry

　　监察部 Ministry of Supervision

　　建设部 Ministry of Construction

　　交通部 Ministry of Communications

　　教育部 Ministry of Education

　　科学技术部 Ministry of Science and Technology

　　劳动和社会保障部 Ministry of Labour and Social Security

　　劳动人事部 Ministry of Labour and Personnel

　　林业部 Ministry of Forestry

　　旅行游览总局 General Administration of Travel and Tourism

　　煤炭工业部 Ministry of Coal Industry

　　民政部 Ministry of Civil Affairs

　　农牧渔业部 Ministry of Agriculture, Animal husbandry and Fishery

　　轻工业部 Ministry of Light Industry

　　全国供销合作总社 All China Federation of Supply and Marketing Cooperatives

　　审计署 Auditing Administration

　　石油工业部 Ministry of Petroleum Industry

　　水利电力部 Ministry of Water Resources and Electric Power

　　司法部 Ministry of Justice

　　铁道部 Ministry of Railways

　　外国专家局 Bureau of Foreign Experts Administration

　　外交部 Ministry of Foreign Affairs

　　外文出版社 Foreign Languages Press

　　卫生部 Ministry of Public health

　　文化部 Ministry of Culture

　　新华社 Xinhua News Agency

　　信息产业部 Ministry of Information Technology and Telecom Industries

　　冶金工业部 Ministry of Metallurgical Industry

　　邮电部 Ministry of Posts and Telecommunications

　　中国国际旅行社 China International Travel Service

　　中国旅行社 China travel Service

　　中国民用航空总局 General Administration of Civil Aviation of China

　　中国人民银行 the People’s Bank of China

　　中国文字改革委员· Committee for Reforming the Chinese Written Language

　　中国中央电视台 China Central Television Station (CCTV)

　　中央历史档案馆 Central Historical Archives

　　中央气象局 Central Bureau of Meteorology

　　中央人民广播电台 the Central People’s Broadcasting Station

　　中央文史研究馆 Central Research Institute of Culture and History

　　宗教事务局 Bureau of Religious Affairs

　　省、市、地、县、区、乡、镇、村、居委会首长名称(Titles of the Leaders of Provinces, Municipalities, Cities, Prefectures, Counties, Districts, Townships, Towns, Villages, Neighborhood Committees)

　　副省长 vice-governor

　　副市长 vice-mayor deputy mayor

　　XX地区专员 administrative commissioner of X X prefecture

　　居委会主任 neighborhood committee chairman (or: director)

　　区长 district head (leader)

　　省长 governor

　　市长 mayor

　　厅(局)长 department (bureau) director

　　县长 magistrate (or: county head, leader)

　　乡(镇、村)长 township (town, village) head

　　外交事务常用语 (Commonly-Used Expressions for Diplomatic Affairs)

　　(不)受欢迎的人 persona (non-) grata

　　备忘录 memorandum, memo

　　陛下 His (Her, Your) Majesty

　　参赞 counselor

　　常任(驻)代表 permanent representative

　　大使 ambassador

　　大使馆 embassy

　　大使级代表 representative of ambassadorial level

　　代办 charge d’affaires

　　代办处 office of the charge d’affaires

　　殿下 His (Her, Your) Royal Highness

　　多边条约 multilateral treaty

　　否决权 veto (powre)

　　副大使 deputy ambassador

　　副代表 alternate, deputy

　　副公使 deputy minister

　　副总领事 deputy consul-general

　　阁下 His (Her, Your) Excellency

　　公报 communique

　　公告(通告) announcement

　　公使 minister, envoy

　　公使馆 legation

　　公使衔参赞 counselor with the rank of minister, minister counselor

　　公约 convention

　　观察员 observer

　　国书 letter of credence, credentials

　　交换留学生协定 agreement on exchange of students

　　介绍书 letter of introduction

　　君子协定 gentlemen’s agreement

　　科学技术合作协定 agreement on scientific and technical cooperation

　　联合公司 joint communique

　　联合声明 joint statement

　　联合宣言 joint declaration

　　联络处 liaison office

　　临时代办 charge d’affaires ad interim

　　领事 consul

　　领事馆 consulate

　　陆(海、空)军武官 military (naval, air force) attache

　　盟约 covenant

　　批准书 instruments of ratification

　　普通照会 verbal note

　　全权代表 plenipotentiary

　　商务参赞 commercial counselor

　　声明 statement

　　首席代表 chief delegate

　　双边条约 bilateral treaty

　　随员 attache

　　特命全权大使 ambassador extraordinary and plenipotentiary

　　条约 treaty

　　通知照会 circular note

　　外交惯例 diplomatic practice

　　外交豁免 diplomatic immunities

　　外交使团 diplomatic corps

　　外交使团团长 doyen (dean) of the diplomatic corps

　　外交特权 diplomatic privileges

　　外交途径 diplomatic channels

　　外交信使 diplomatic courier

　　外交邮袋 diplomatic bag (pouch)

　　委任书(证书) letter (certificate) of appointment

　　文化(商务)专员 cultural (commercial) attache

　　文化参赞 cultural counselor

　　文化合作协定 agreement on cultural cooperation

　　武官处 military attache’s office

　　宪章 charter

　　协定 agreement

　　新闻官 press office

　　宣言 declaration, manifesto

　　一(二、三)等秘书 first (second, third) secretary

　　议定书 protocol

　　召回公文 letter of recall

　　正式照会 formal note

　　仲裁书 arbitration award

　　仲裁协定 arbitration agreement

　　总领事 consul-general

　　总领事馆 consulate-general

　　节假日名称(Names of Holidays)

　　元旦 new Year’s Day

　　国际劳动妇女节 International Working Women’s Day

　　国际劳动节 International Labour Day

　　五一节 May Day

　　中国青年节 Chinese Youth Day

　　国际儿童节 International Children’s Day

　　党的诞生日 party’s Birthday

　　建军节 Army Day

　　国庆节 National Day

　　春节 Spring Festival

　　元宵节(灯节) lantern Festival

　　清明节 Pure Brightness Day

　　扫墓节 Graveyard-Sweeping Day

　　端午节 Dragon-Boat Festival

　　中秋节 Mid-Autumn (Moon) Festival

　　教师节 Teachers’ Day

　　重九(阳)节 Double-Ninth Festival

　　登山节 Mountain-Climbing Festival

　　林肯生日(2月12月) Lincoln’s Birthday (Feb. 12)

　　情人节(2月14日) St. Valentine’s Day (Feb. 14)

　　华盛顿生日(2月20) Washington’s Birthday (Feb. 20)

　　[耶稣]复活节 Easter

　　母亲节(每年五月的第二个星期口) Mother’s Day

　　阵亡将士纪念日(5月29日) Memorial Day (May 29)

　　国旗日(6月14日) Flag Day (June 14)

　　父亲节(每年六月的第三个星期日) Father’s Day

　　美国独立纪念日(7月4日) independence Day (July 4)

　　祖父母节(9月10日) grandparents’ Day (Sept. 10)

　　万圣节前夕(10月31日) Halloween (Oct. 31)

　　万圣节(11月1日) All Saints’ Day (Hallowmas) (Nov. 1)

　　退伍军人节(11月11日) Veterans’ Day (Nov. 11)

　　感恩节(11月23日) Thanksgiving Day (Nov. 23)

　　圣诞节(12月25日) Christmas (Dec. 25)

　　除夕 New year’s Eve

　　中国二十四节气(The Twenty-Four Solar Term of China)

　　立春 the Beginning of Spring

　　雨水 Rain Water

　　惊蛰 the Waking of Insects

　　春分 the Spring Equinox

　　清明 Pure Brightness

　　谷雨 Grain Rain

　　立夏 the Beginning of Summer

　　小满 Grain Full

　　芒种 Grain in Ear

　　夏至 the Summer Solstice

　　小暑 Slight Heat

　　大暑 great Heat

　　立秋 the Beginning of Autumn

　　处暑 the Limit of Heat

　　白露 White Dew

　　秋分 the Autumn Equinox

　　寒露 Cold Dew

　　霜降 Frost’s Descent

　　立冬 the Beginning of Winter

　　小雪 Slight Snow

　　大雪 Great Snow

　　冬至 the Winter Solstice

　　小寒 Slight Cold

　　大寒 Great Cold

　　中国文学名著书名 (Titles of Well-Known Chinese Literary Works)

　　《阿Q正传》(鲁迅) The True Story of Ah Q

　　《百合花》(茹志娟) The Lilies

　　《暴风骤雨》(周立波) The Hurricane

　　《茶馆》(老舍) Tea house

　　《长生殿》 Palace of Eternal Youth

　　《楚辞》 Poetry of the South

　　《春秋》 The Spring and Autumn Annals

　　《大学》 The Great Learning

　　《大堰河》(艾青) Dayanhe

　　《道德经》 The Classic of the Virtue of the Tao (the Book of Lao Zi, Dao De Jing)

　　《废都》(贾平凹) The Faded Capital, The Waste Capital

　　《封神演义》 The Canonization of The Gods

　　《汉书》 History of the Former Han Dynasty

　　《红楼梦》 A Dream of Red Mansions, Dream of the Red Chamber, Dreams in the Red Chamber, The Secret of the Red Chamber, A Red Chamber Dream, The Story of a Stone, An Old Story

　　《红日》(吴强) Red Sun

　　《红岩》(罗广斌) Red Crag

　　《家》、《春》、《秋》(巴金) Family, Spring, Autumn

　　《金瓶梅》 Jin Ping Mei, golden Lotus

　　《镜花缘》 Flowers in the Mirror

　　《苦菜花》(冯德英) Bitter Herbs

　　《狂人日记》(鲁迅) A Madman’s Diary

　　《老残游记》 The Travels of Lao Can

　　《雷雨》(曹禺) Thunderstorm

　　《礼记》 The Book of Rites

　　《李白成》(姚雪垠) Li Zicheng

　　《聊斋志异》 Strange Stories from a Chinese Studio, Strange Stories from Make-Do Studio, Strange Tales of LiaoZhai, Chinese Ghost and Love Stories, The Chinese Fairy Book, Tales of Genii, The Record of Marvels, Self-Diversion Study, A legendary of Record In Self-Diversion Study

　　《林海雪原》(曲波) Tacks in the Snowy Forest

　　《论语》 The Analects of Confucius

　　《骆驼样子》(老舍) Camel Xiangzi, Rickshaw Boy

　　《孟子》 Mencius

　　《名优之死》(田汉) The Death of A Star

　　《牡丹亭》 The Peony Pavilion

　　《孽海花》 A flower in an Ocean of Sin

　　《女神》(郭沫若) Goodesses

　　《青春之歌》(杨沫) The Song of Youth

　　《日出》(曹禺) Sunrise

　　《儒林外史》 The Schoilars, The Informal History of the Literati, A Legend of Confucian Intelligentsia

　　《三国演义》 Romance of the Three Kingdoms

　　《上海的早晨》(周而复) Morning in Shanghai

　　《上海屋檐下》(夏衍) Under Shanghai Eaves

　　《诗经》 The Book of Songs, The Book of Odes, The Book of Poetry

　　《史记》 Historical Records, Records of the Historian

　　《书经》(《尚书》) the Book of History

　　《水浒传》 Water Margin, Outlaws of the Marsh, All Men Are Bothers, Rebels In the Marshes, 108 Brothers

　　《四书》 The Four Books

　　《太阳照在桑干河上》(丁玲) The Sun Shines over the Sanggan River

　　《桃花扇》 Peach Blossom Fan

　　《五经》 The Five Classics

　　《西厢记》 The Western Chamber

　　《西游记》 Journey to the West, Pilgrimage to the West, Monkey

　　《艳阳天》(浩然) Bright Sunny Skies

　　《易经》(《周易》) The Book of Changes

　　《战国策》 Strategies of the Warring States Period

　　《中庸》 The doctrine of the Mean

　　《子夜》(茅盾) Midnight

　　《左传》(《吕氏春秋》) Autumn and Spring of Mr. Lu

　　汉译英经济词语选

　　保险业 the insurance industry

　　保证重点支出 ensure funding for priority areas

　　贬值 devalue

　　补偿贸易 compensation trade

　　补发拖欠的养老金 clear up pension payments in arrears

　　不动产 real estate; immovable property

　　不良贷款 non-performing loan

　　财产权 property right

　　财产税 property tax

　　财政赤字 financial deficits

　　层层转包和违法分包 multi-level contracting and illegal subcontracting

　　差价 price difference

　　差价关税 variable import levy

　　承包商 contractor

　　承包责任制 contract and responsibility system; system of contracted responsibility

　　城乡信用社 credit cooperative in both urban and rural areas

　　城镇居民最低生活保障 a minimum standard of living for city residents

　　城镇职工医疗保险制度 the system of medical insurance for urban workers

　　吃回扣 get commission

　　出口信贷 export credit

　　初级阶段 primary stage

　　大款 tycoon; moneybags

　　贷款质量 loan quality

　　贷款质量五级分类办法 the five-category assets classification for bank loans

　　担保人 guarantor; guarantee

　　倒爷 profiteer

　　第二产业 secondary industry

　　第三产业 tertiary industry

　　第一产业 primary industry

　　董事 director; trustee

　　董事长 chairman (or president) of the board of directors

　　董事会 board of directors; board of trustee

　　对外开放 opening to the outside world; opening up

　　对外贸易 foreign trade

　　多种经营 diversified economy

　　防范和化解金融 take precautions against and reduce financial risks

　　防洪工程 flood-prevention project

　　非法外汇交易 illegal foreign exchange transaction

　　非贸易收汇 foreign exchange earnings through nontrade channels

　　非银行金融机构 non-bank financial institutions

　　费改税 transform administrative fees into taxes

　　分红 draw dividends

　　分期付款 payment by installments

　　扶贫 aid-the-poor programme

　　岗位责任制 system of personal responsibility

　　跟踪审计 follow-up auditing

　　工程监理制度 the monitoring system for projects

　　公积金 accumulation fund

　　股份公司 joint-stock company; stock company

　　股份有限公司 company limited

　　股票交易所 stock exchange

　　股票经纪人 stockbroker

　　股票市场 stock market

　　关贸总协定 General Agreement on Tariff and Trade (GATT)

　　官倒 official-speculator

　　国库券 State treasury bond; treasure bill

　　国有资产安全 the safety of state-owned assets

　　国债 national debt

　　过渡开垦 excess reclamation

　　合同管理制度 the contract system for governing projects

　　回扣 sales commission

　　机电产品 electromechanical products

　　积极的财政政策 pro-active fiscal policy

　　基本生活费 basic allowances

　　集体所有制 collective ownership

　　结售汇制度 the system of exchange settlement and sales

　　解除劳动关系 sever labor relations

　　金融监管责任制 the responsibility system for financial supervision

　　经济安全 economic security

　　经济技术开发区 economic and technological development zone

　　经济实体 economic entity

　　经济特区 special economic zone

　　经济体制 economic structure

　　就业 obtain employment; take up an occupation

　　靠扩大财政赤字搞建设 to increase the deficit to spend more on development

　　控股公司 holding company

　　扩大国内需求 the expansion of domestic demand

　　拉动经济增长 fuel economic growth

　　捞外快 make an extra money

　　粮食仓库 grain depot

　　粮食收储企业 grain collection and storage enterprise

　　粮食收购资金实行封闭运行 closed operation of grain purchase funds

　　粮食销售市场 grain sales market

　　劣质工程 shoddy engineering

　　乱收费、乱摊派、乱罚款 arbitrary charges, find-raising, quotas and fines

　　欧元 Eurodollar

　　疲软 fatigued and weak; weaken; slump

　　骗汇、逃汇、套汇obtain foreign currency under false pretense, not turn over foreign

　　currency owed to the government and illegal arbitrage

　　平均主义 equalitarianism

　　期汇 forward exchange

　　期货合同 forward contract

　　期货价格 forward price

　　企业集团 enterprise group

　　企业家 entrepreneur

　　人才流动 flow (or mobility) of trained personal

　　人才外流 brain drain

　　融资渠道 financing channels

　　软通货 soft currency

　　商品房 commercial housing

　　商品经济 commodity economy

　　商业信贷原则 the principles for commercial credit

　　社会保险机构 social security institution

　　失业保险金 unemployment insurance benefits

　　通货紧缩 (of money) deflation

　　偷税、骗税、逃税、抗税 tax evasion, tax fraud and refusal to pay taxes

　　外汇收支 foreign exchange revenue and spending

　　信托公司 trust company

　　信用证 letter of credit

　　易货贸易 barter

　　翻译学常用术语

　　表达 express

　　词序调整法 inversion

　　达(通顺) expressiveness

　　动态对等 dynamic equivalence

　　对等 equivalence

　　翻译 translate

　　翻译标准 translation criteria

　　翻译的原则 principles of translation

　　翻译腔 translationese

　　翻译学 translatology, translation studies

　　风格 style

　　归化 target language-oriented, domestication

　　减词 omission

　　交际法 the study of communicative approach

　　可读性 readability

　　可译性 translatability

　　跨文化交际 cross-cultural communication

　　理解 understanding

　　社会符号学 sociosemiotics

　　神似 close in spirit

　　文艺学 the study of literature