临床医学翻译_临床医学翻译公司_解剖学中英文词汇
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临床医学翻译之英汉人体解剖学基本词汇
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systematic anatomy系统解剖学
regional anatomy(topographic anatomy·)局部解剖学
anatomical position解剖学姿势
superior上
inferior下
anterior前
posterior后
medial内侧
lateral外侧
superficial浅
deep深
internal 内
external外
proximal近侧
distal远侧
vertical axis垂直轴
sagittal axis矢状轴
coronal axis(frontal axis)冠状轴(额状轴)
sagittal plane矢状面
coronal plane(frontal plane)冠状面(额状面)
horizontal plane(transverse plane)水平面(横切面)
I.Locomotor System运动系统
1.Bony System (Osteology)骨学
long bone长骨
short bone短骨
flat bone扁骨
irregular bone不规则骨
sesamoid bone籽骨
compact bone(dense bone)骨密质
cancellous bone(spongy bone)骨松质
diploe板障
periosteum骨膜
bone marrow骨髓
(1)Bones of Trunk躯干骨
vertebrae椎骨
cervical vertebrae颈椎
thoracic vertebrae胸椎
lumbar vertebrae腰椎
sacrum骶骨
coccyx尾骨
atlas寰椎
axis枢椎
vertebra prominens隆椎
sternum胸骨
rib肋骨
costal cartilage肋软骨
(2)Skull颅
frontal bone额骨
ethmoid bone筛骨
sphenoid bone蝶骨
parietal bone顶骨
temporal bone颞骨
occipital bone枕骨
maxilla上颌骨
zygomatic bone颧骨
palatine bone腭骨
nasal bone鼻骨
lacrimal bone泪骨
inferior nasal concha下鼻甲
vomer犁骨
mandible下颌骨
hyoid bone舌骨
(3)Bones of Upper Limb上肢骨
clavicle锁骨
scapula肩胛骨
humerus肱骨
ulna尺骨
radius桡骨
scaphoid bone手舟骨
lunate bone月骨
triquetral bone三角骨
pisiform bone豌豆骨
trapezium bone大多角骨
trapezoid bone小多角骨
capitate bone头状骨
hamate bone钩骨
metacarpal bones掌骨
phalanges指骨
(4)Bones of Lower Limb下肢骨
hip bone髋骨
ilium髂骨
ischium坐骨
pubis耻骨
femur股骨
patella髌骨
tibia胫骨
fibula腓骨
talus距骨
calcaneus跟骨
navicular bone足舟骨
medial cuneiform bone内侧楔骨
intermediate cuneiform bone中间楔骨
lateral cuneiform bone外侧楔骨
cuboid bone骰骨
metartarsal bones跖骨
phalanges of toes趾骨
2.Arthrology关节学
joint(articulation)关节
ligament韧带
flexion屈
extension伸
adduction收
abduction展
pronation旋前
supination旋后
rotation旋转
circumduction环转
(1)Joints of Bones of Trunk躯干骨的连结
vertebral column脊柱
intervertebral disc椎间盘
annulus fibrosus纤维环
nucleus pulposus髓核
anterior longitudinal ligament前纵韧带
posterior longitudinal ligament后纵韧带
cervical curve颈曲
thoracic curve胸曲
lumbar curve腰曲
sacral curve骶曲
thoracic cage胸廓
costal arch肋弓
(2)Synovial Joint of Skull颅的连结
temporomandibular joint颞下颌关节
(3)Joints of Upper Limb上肢骨连结
shoulder joint肩关节
elbow joint肘关节
wrist joint(radiocarpal joint)腕关节(桡腕关节)
(4)Joints of Lower Limb下肢骨连结
pelvis骨盆
hip joint髋关节
knee joint膝关节
medial meniscus内侧半月板
lateral meniscus外侧半月板
ankle joint(talocrural joint)踝关节(距小腿关节)
arch of foot足弓
3.Myology(Muscular System)肌学
muscle肌
long muscle长肌
short muscle短肌
flat muscle扁肌
orbicular muscle轮匝肌
superficial fascia(subcutaneous fascia)浅筋膜
deep fascia(proper fascia)深筋膜
(1)Muscles of Head头肌
1)Facial Muscles面肌
Epicranius(occipitofrontalis)颅顶肌(枕额肌)
galea aponeurotica帽状腱膜
orbicularis oculi眼轮匝肌
orbicularis oris口轮匝肌
2)Masticatory Muscles咀嚼肌
masseter咬肌
temporalis颞肌
lateral pterygoid翼外肌
medial pterygoid翼内肌
(2)Muscles of Neck颈肌
platysma颈阔肌
sternocleidomastoid胸锁乳突肌
scalenus anterior前斜角肌
(3)Muscles of Trunk躯干肌
1)Muscles of Back背肌
trapezius斜方肌
latissimus dorsi背阔肌
erector spinae(sacrospinalis)竖脊肌(骶棘肌)
2)Muscles of Thorax胸肌
pectoralis major胸大肌
serratus anterior前锯肌
intercostales externi肋间外肌
intercostales interni肋间内肌
3)Diaphragm膈
4)Muscles of Abdomen腹肌
obliquus externus abdominis腹外斜肌
obliquus internus abdominis腹内斜肌
transversus abdominis腹横肌
rectus abdominis腹直肌
(4)Muscles of Upper Limb上肢肌
1)Muscles of Shoulder肩肌
deltoid三角肌
2)Muscles of Arm臂肌
biceps brachii肱二头肌
brachialis肱肌
triceps brachii肱三头肌
3)Muscles of Forearm前臂肌
flexor pollicis longus拇长屈肌
flexor digitorum superficialis指浅屈肌
flexor digitorum profundus指深屈肌
extensor pollicis longus拇长伸肌
extensor digitorum指伸肌
4)Muscles of Hand手肌
(5)Muscles of Lower Limb下肢肌
1)Muscles of Hip髋肌
psoas major腰大肌
iliacus髂肌
gluteus maximus臀大肌
piriformis梨状肌
2)Muscles of Thigh大腿肌
sartorius缝匠肌
quadriceps femoris股四头肌
adductor longus长收肌
adductor magnus大收肌
biceps femoris股二头肌
semitendinosus半腱肌
semimembranosus半膜肌
3)Muscles of Leg小腿肌
tibialis anterior胫骨前肌
extensor digitorum longus趾长伸肌
extensor hallucis longus拇长伸肌
triceps surae小腿三头肌
flexor digitorum longus趾长屈肌
tibialis posterior胫骨后肌
flexor hallucis longus拇长屈肌
4)Muscles of Foot足肌
II.Splanchnology内脏学
viscera内脏
1.Alimentary System消化系统
alimentary canal消化管
alimentary gland消化腺
(1)Oral Cavity口腔
oral lips口唇
philtrum人中
cheek颊
hard palate硬腭
soft palate软腭
uvula腭垂
palatine velum腭帆
palatoglossal arch腭舌弓
palatopharyngeal arch腭咽弓
isthmus of fauces咽峡
deciduous teeth乳牙
permanent teeth恒牙
incisor切牙
canine尖牙
premolar前磨牙
molar磨牙
dentine牙质
enamel釉质
cement牙骨质
dental pulp牙髓
tongue舌
parotid gland腮腺
submandibular gland下颌下腺
sublingual gland舌下腺
(2)Pharynx咽
nasopharynx鼻咽
oropharynx口咽
laryngopharynx喉咽
palatine tonsil腭扁桃体
(3)Esophagus食管
(4)Stomach胃
(5)Small Intestine小肠
duodenum十二指肠
jejunum空肠
ileum回肠
(6)Large Intestine大肠
caecum盲肠
vermiform appendix阑尾
ascending colon升结肠
transverse colon横结肠
descending colon降结肠
sigmoid colon乙状结肠
rectum直肠
anal canal肛管
anal column肛柱
anal valve肛瓣
anal sinus肛窦
dental line齿状线
anal pecten肛梳
white line白线
anus肛门
sphincter ani internus肛门内括约肌
sphincter ani externus肛门外括约肌
(7)Liver肝
porta hepatis肝门
hepatic pedicle肝蒂
gallbladder胆囊
(8)Pancreas胰
2.Respiratory System呼吸系统
respiratory tract呼吸道
respiratory organ呼吸器官
(1)Nose鼻
(2)Paranasal Sinus鼻旁窦
frontal sinus额窦
maxillary sinus上颌窦
ethmoidal sinus筛窦
sphenoid sinus蝶窦
(3)Larynx喉
thyroid cartilage甲状软骨
cricoid cartilage环状软骨
arytenoid cartilage杓状软骨
epiglottic cartilage会厌软骨
vocal fold声带
cricothyroid环甲肌
(4)Trachea and Bronchi气管和支气管
right principal bronchus右主支气管
left principal bronchus左主支气管
(5)Lung肺
apex of lung肺尖
base of lung肺底
hilum of lung肺门
root of lung肺根
(6)Pleura胸膜
parietal pleura壁胸膜
viceral pleura脏胸膜
pleural cavity胸膜腔
costodiaphragmatic recess肋膈隐窝
3.Urinary System泌尿系统
kidney肾
renal hilum肾门
renal pedicle肾蒂
renal sinus肾窦
renal region肾区
minor renal calices肾小盏
major renal calices肾大盏
renal pelvis肾盂
ureter输尿管
urinary bladder膀胱
urethra尿道
4.Male Genital System男性生殖系统
testis睾丸
epididymis附睾
ductus deferens输精管
spermatic cord精索
ejaculatory duct射精管
seminal vesicle精囊
prostate前列腺
bulbourethral gland尿道球腺
penis阴茎
scrotum阴囊
5.Female Genital System女性生殖系统
ovary卵巢
uterine tube输卵管
uterus子宫
vagina阴道
vaginal orifice阴道口
hymen处女膜
greater vestibular gland前庭大腺
vulva女阴
greater lip of pudendum大阴唇
lesser lip of pudendum小阴唇
clitoris阴
mamma乳房
mammary papilla(nipple)乳头
6.Peritonium腹膜
peritoneal cavity腹膜腔
lesser omentum小网膜
greater omentum大网膜
mesentery肠系膜
rectovesical pouch直肠膀胱陷凹
vesicouterine pouch膀胱子宫陷凹
rectouterine pouch(Douglas’pouch)直肠子宫陷凹(道格拉斯陷窝)
III.Vascular System脉管系统
1.Cardiovascular System心血管系统
pulmonary circulation(lesser circulation)肺循环(小循环)
systemic circulation(greater circulation)体循环(大循环)
(1)Heart心
right atrium右心房
right ventricle右心室
left atrium左心房
left ventricle左心室
tricuspid valve三尖瓣
bicuspid valve二尖瓣
aortic valve主动脉瓣
pulmonary valve肺动脉瓣
sinoatrial node窦房结
internodal tract结间束
atrioventricular node房室结
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