医学翻译:消化科——胃癌
Stomach Cancer
(图片来源:百度)
Stomach cancer, also known as gastric cancer, is cancer developing from the lining of the stomach(胃黏膜). Early symptoms(症状)may include heartburn(烧心), upper abdominal pain, nausea(恶心) and loss of appetite. Later signs and symptoms may include weight loss, yellowing of the skin and whites of the eyes, vomiting(呕吐), difficulty swallowing, and blood in the stool(便血)among others. The cancer may spread from the stomach to other parts of the body, particularly the liver, lungs, bones, lining of the abdomen andlymph nodes(淋巴结).
The most common cause is infection by the bacterium Helicobacter pylori(幽门螺杆菌), which accounts for more than 60% of cases. Certain types of H. pylori have greater risks than others. Other common causes include eating pickled vegetables and smoking. About 10% of cases run in families and between 1% and 3% of cases are due to genetic syndromes(遗传综合征)inherited from a person's parents such as hereditary diffuse(弥漫型)gastric cancer. Most cases of stomach cancers are gastric carcinomas(癌). This type can be divided into a number of subtypes. Lymphomas(淋巴瘤)and mesenchymal tumors(间质瘤)may also develop in the stomach. Most of the time, stomach cancer develops in stages over years. Diagnosis is usually bybiopsy(活检)done during endoscopy(内窥镜). This is followed by medical imaging to determine if the disease has spread to other parts of the body. Japan and South Korea, two countries that have high rates of the disease, screen for stomach cancer.
(From Wikipedia)
Glossary
the lining of the stomach 胃黏膜
(图片来源:百度)
heartburn
Br[ˈhɑ:tbɜ:n]Am[ˈhɑ:rtbɜ:rn]
烧心
Heartburn, also known as acid indigestion, is a burning sensation in the central chest or upper central abdomen.
(图片来源:百度)
blood in stool 便血
The term "blood in stool" is usually not used to describe fecal occult blood, which refers to blood that is not visible and thus is found only after chemical testing is performed.
lymph node
Br[lɪmf nəud] Am[lɪmf nod]
淋巴结
A lymph node is an oval- or kidney-shaped organ of the lymphatic system, present widely throughout the body including the armpit and stomach and linked by lymphatic vessels.
(图片来源:百度)
lymphoma
Br[lɪmˈfəʊmə]Am[lɪmˈfoʊmə]
淋巴瘤
Lymphoma is a group of blood cell tumors that develop from lymphocytes (a type of white blood cell).
(图片来源:百度)
diffusion
Br[dɪ'fju:ʒn] Am[dɪˈfjuʒən]
弥散性
Diffusionis the net movement of molecules or atoms from a region of high concentration (or high chemical potential) to a region of low concentration (or low chemical potential).
(图片来源:wikipedia)
mesenchyme
Br['mezənkaɪm] Am['mes'mezənˌkaɪm]
间质
Mesenchyme is a type of tissue characterized by loosely associated cells that lack polarity and are surrounded by a large extracellular matrix(细胞外基质).
(图片来源:百度)
endoscopy
Br[enˈdɒskəpi]Am[enˈdɑ:skəpi]
内窥镜
Endoscopy means looking inside and typically refers to looking inside the body for medical reasons using an endoscope,an instrument used to examine the interior of a hollow organ or cavity of the body.
(图片来源:wikipedia)
讨论学习区
试译
胰腺炎
胰腺是一个较大的分泌消化酶的器官,位于胃后方。此器官的炎症即为胰腺炎。胰腺炎包括两种主要类型,急性胰腺炎和慢性胰腺炎。其体征和症状包括上腹疼痛、恶心以及呕吐。
一般背部疼痛也会,并且很剧烈。在急性胰腺炎中,可能会出现发热的症状,不过症状通常在几天内消退。在慢性胰腺炎中可能会出现消瘦、脂性便以及腹泻的症状。胰腺炎通常伴有的并发症包括感染、出血、糖尿病或其他器官病变。
急性胰腺炎最常见的病因是胆结石和酗酒。
此外,还有一些其它病因,包括直接创伤、某些药物疗法、诸如流行性腮腺炎的感染以及肿瘤等。同时,急性胰腺炎也很可能发展成慢性胰腺炎,不过对于慢性胰腺炎,最常见的致病因素还是多年的酗酒。其他病因还包括高血脂,高血钙、某些药物、某些遗传性疾病(例如囊性纤维化)等等。而吸烟对急性胰腺炎和慢性胰腺炎都会增加致病风险。
诊断急性胰腺炎时,以血液中淀粉酶或脂肪酶(脂肪酶) 含量增长三倍为基准。这类测试在慢性胰腺炎中通常会显示正常。除此之外,医疗成像,例如超声波检查和CT扫描,都可用于该疾病的诊断。
译者注一
1、Pancreatitis(胰腺炎)is inflammation of the pancreas. The pancreasis a large organ behind the stomach that produces digestive enzymes(消化酶).
这句话的翻译如果直译:胰腺炎是胰腺的炎症。胰腺位于胃后方,产生消化酶的较大器官。
试译者深感别扭,斗胆调动了顺序。最终译稿,将内容位置进行了重新的排列。先提出胰腺,在引出此部位的炎症即为胰腺炎,用胰腺炎和后文的介绍相接。
胰腺是一主要的消化酶分泌器官,位于胃的后方。胰腺炎就是指胰腺部位的炎症。
译者注二
1、Medical imagingsuch as ultrasound(超声波检查)and CT scan(CT扫描)may also be useful.
除此之外,医疗成像,例如超声波检查和CT扫描可用于诊断此疾病。
这句话也是,本人译文增加了除此之外,根据的是also的含义,useful后面本人则加译了宾语出来。也是非常希望得到大家的指点。
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审校:Lara
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