列举几个常见俗语谚语英语翻译的技巧
俗语是汉语语汇中广泛流传于社会上的一种定型语句,俗语具有很强的通俗性和口语性。俗语生动形象,言简意赅,风趣幽默,深受大家的喜爱。如果译员学习和掌握俗语,不仅可以丰富自己的语汇,也可以从中吸取有益的营养;译员们如果能够准确、恰当地运用俗语,可以增强语言的表现力,进而可以使文章和谈吐更为丰富和生动。
译声有着多年的翻译经验,列举几个常见俗语谚语的技巧,希望译员可以从几个例句当中吸取经验,以后在翻译时适当运用俗语,从而可以提高自己的翻译能力。
1. 人山人海:在诗词用语(poetic expression)里,老外也有使用:a (the) sea of faces,颇有咱的人山人海的味道。例如:Looking out upon the sea of faces, Mr. A delivered a touching speech.(望着一片人山人海的听众,A先生发表一篇动人的演说。)Standing at his podium, President Clinton saw a sea of faces waving at him.(克林顿总统站在讲台上看到人山人海的人群挥手向他致意。)。可见,说话者通常要在台上或高处,才有人海的感觉。因此,可以说:I saw a sea of faces from the top of the building. 但在平地的人群中,就不说:I saw the sea of faces.也不说:There is a sea of faces.只说:I saw a large crowd of people.
2、家家有本难念的经:有人译成:Every family cooking - pot has a black spot.(意思是:每个家庭的锅子都有黑色的污点。)这样说法,老外恐怕不能充分了解。不过老外最常的说法是:Many families have skeletons in the closet.(许多家庭的衣柜里都有骨骸,骨骸就是指家丑。);或者说:Every family has its own source of shame.(每个家庭都有自己的丑事);说白些,就是:Every family has its own problem.
3、天下无不散的宴席:有人直译为:There are no feasts in the world which do not break up at last.老外听后,也许很难体会其中意义。如果按照美语说法,也许更易理解:All good things come to an end.(意思是:所有好的事情,总有结束的一天。);假如是指好友最后也有分别的一天,那么可以说:Eventually, all bosom friends will drift apart.(bosom friend是指知心的好友)
4、平时不烧香,临时抱佛脚:有人照字直译为:When times are easy, we do not burn the incense,but when the trouble comes, we embrace the feet of the uddha.这种说法,老外也会一知半解。美语里一般说法是:Worship God every day; not just in times of adversity.(要每天敬拜神,不是只在困难时。);对学生也可以说:If you study hard every day, exams will not seem overwhelming.(如果你每天用功,考试就不会形成压力。)
5、挂羊头,卖狗肉:有人照字直译为:He advertises mutton, but sells dog’s flesh.或He hangs up a sheep’s head at the shopfront and sells dog meat.这两种译法,恐怕老外都难理解,尤其谈到狗肉,他们更会反感,因为狗是他们最爱的宠物,不过老外倒有相近的说法:He applied bait-and-switch factics in business.(他经商的策略是先引诱顾客来,再改变货物的品质。),Bait-and-switch当名词用,也可不用连字号This store uses bait and switch policy.或者简单的说:Let the buyer be aware!(让消费者提高警觉)或Say one thing and do another.
6、一言既出,驷马难追:有人译成:One word lets slip and four horses will fail to catch it. 或 A statement that once let loose cannot be caught by four galloping horses.这两种说法,中文味道嫌重,老外未必理解。不过他们倒有类似的说法:A word once let go cannot be recalled.或者说: You can not take back what you have said.(你说出的话,就不能再收回来。)
7、祸从口出,言多必失:有人译为:The mouth is the gate of misfortune and evil.老外听了,恐怕不能完全理解。最好说成:Careless talk leads to trouble.(不小心说话,会带来麻烦)或The less said the better.(说的愈少愈好)甚至也可以说:Shut the mouth and open the eyes.(闭嘴少说,张眼多看。)
以后几个例句分析希望能够帮助译员,能够充分掌握俗语的运用,翻译能力不断地提升。
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