中译英笔译万能四步法

● 语态 ● 时态 ●句式 ● 选词

光看这几个字感觉好抽象啊，挠头想想到底是怎么个意思呢？味如嚼蜡般，不知所云。别着急，跟着米姐接着往下看。有这笔译四步法，走遍天下都不怕，简直算得上是翻译界的万金油啊！

接下来举几个栗子加深对应用四步法翻译的理解和体会：

1 我们学校明天举行运动会。

语态

语态中首先选择主语，再决定用被动还是主动语态。

错译

Our school will hold the sports meeting tomorrow.

不能将学校当作主语，这里可以将运动会 Sports meet 作主语，被动语态。

时态

明天，用一般将来时

句式

简单的一般句

选词

Meeting 会议

meeting/ˈmiːtɪŋ/CET4 TEM4( meetings )

① N-COUNT A meeting is an event in which a group of people come together to discuss things or make decisions. 会议

例:Can we have a meeting to discuss that?

我们可以开个会来讨论那件事吗？

② N-SING You can also refer to the people at a meeting as the meeting. 参会人员

例:The meeting decided that further efforts were needed.

与会者认为进一步的努力是需要的。

③ N-COUNT When you meet someone, either by chance or by arrangement, you can refer to this event as a meeting. 碰见

例:In January, 37 years after our first meeting, I was back in the studio with Dennis.

1月份，在我们初次相遇的37年后，我和丹尼斯一起回到了工作室。

Meet 运动会，集会

Sports meet

参考翻译

The sports meet will be held at our school tomorrow.

2 新中国成立于1949年。

语态

新中国为主语，被动语态

时态

过去式

选词

The People's Republic of China 新中国

The new China 是错的

参考翻译

The People's Republic of China was founded in 1949.

▲年份也可以做主语

当这个句子以1949年作主语时，要用founding 还是 foundation?

foundation/faʊnˈdeɪʃən/CET4 TEM4( foundations )

① N-COUNT The foundation of something such as a belief or way of life is the things on which it is based. 基础

例：Best friends are the foundation of my life.

良友们是我生活的基础。

例：The issue strikes at the very foundation of our community.

这个问题严重影响到我们社会的基础。

② N-COUNT A foundation is an organization which provides money for a special purpose such as research or charity. 基金会

例： ...the National Foundation for Educational Research.

全国教育研究基金会。

③ N-PLURAL The foundations of a building or other structure are the layer of bricks or concrete below the ground that it is built on. 地基

④ N-UNCOUNT If a story, idea, or argument has no foundation, there are no facts to prove that it is true. 根据

例：The allegations were without foundation.

这些指控没有根据。

⑤ N-MASS Foundation is a skin-coloured cream that you put on your face before putting on the rest of your makeup. 粉底霜

例： Use foundation and/or face powder afterwards for an even skin tone.

随后使用粉底霜和（或）粉饼以使皮肤色调均匀。

founding/ˈfaʊndɪŋ/

① ADJ Founding means relating to the starting of a particular institution or organization. 成立的[ADJ n]

例：The committee held its founding congress in the capital, Riga.

委员会在首都里加举行了成立大会。

由此可见选 founding

参考翻译

1949 witnessed the founding of the People's Republic of China.

3 人们认为，特朗普政府将会推动美国和俄罗斯的双边关系发展。

语态

主语为 It，It is said / believed 人们认为

句式

句式和语态息息相关，在这里是固定搭配， It is said that

选词

• 人们认为:It is said / believed

不能译为 People think

• 特朗普政府:Trump administration

Trump government 是不地道的

• 推动什么的发展 promote

不需要字对字的翻译，如 promote the development

• 双边关系 bilateral relations

参考翻译

It is believed that Trump administration will promote the bilateral relations of the US and Russia.

4 过去一年，我国发展面临多重困难和严峻挑战，在以习近平同志为总书记的党中央坚强领导下，全国各族人民攻坚克难，开拓进取。

时态

总结过去，用过去完成时态

选词

主席 General Secretary

区别「联合国秘书长 Secretary General」

参考翻译

In the past year, China has encountered many difficulties and challenges in its development.However, under the leadership of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China (CPC) headed by General Secretary XiJinping, all the people of China have worked to overcome obstacles and have pressed ahead with a pioneering spirit.

▲汉语的句间关系，如转折，并列，条件等要素，必须提炼并点明。此处存在隐藏的转折关系，所以特别补充了 However。

5 中国一贯坚定支持、积极参与联合国维和行动。

时态

一贯，用现在完成时态，表明中国一直是这个状态。

选词

联合国维和行动：UN peacekeeping operations

▲词性的转换：动词转名词

支持：动词名词化为 supporter, 翻译中尽量用名词，用词简练精辟，且无时态的变化，避免犯错。

参考翻译

China has been a firm supporter of and an active participant in UN peacekeeping operations.