COVER 一词在商务合同中的使用

　　WORD OF COVER’S USAGE IN COMMERCIAL CONTRACT

　　Cover一词在商务英语合同中使用相当频繁，其含义甚多并且复杂，在各种单证、合同的不同条款中含义不同。

　　Cover一词的含义及翻译

　　Cover一词既能作动词使用，又能作名词作用，该词的派生词covering和coverage也具有相同的特性。

　　Cover在商务英语中作动词时用途灵活，含义广泛：

　　在支付的语境中，表示付款给某人、支付费用的含义，可译为支付、付款给某人。例如：

　　For payment: please send draft for acceptance, at maturity we will cover you in accordance with your instructions

　　付款：请将汇票交我方承兑, 到期时, 我们将按照你方的要求向你方付款。

　　Enclosed is a certified check for $ 1000 to cover the cost of the package plus air shipment.

　　随信附上1000美元的保付支票作为包装费和空运费。

　　We will open an irrevocable L/C in your favor through Bank to cover the total CIF value of this order.

　　我们将以你方为受益人，经银行开出不可撤销的信用证以支付此次所订购货物的到岸价格的全部货款。

　　在下列句子中其含义为处理，根据情况可译为谈论、处理、涉及等。

　　Maybe we should hold off until we have covered item B on our agenda.

　　也许我们应该先谈论完B项议题。

　　表示说明、解释的含义，直接译为说明、解释等。例如：

　　We enclose leaflet No.5 which covers this point in detail.

　　我们特附上第五号说明书，该说明书对这个方面进行了详细说明。

　　在保险语境中，表示投保险、对保险。译为投保险、对保险。Cover后的宾语通常是险别、货物或人，往往因宾语的性质不同，其后所使用的介词不同。也可用于被动结构，常有-ed或-ing + 宾语结构作后置定语。例如：

　　We suggest you consider an Open Policy which would cover all consignments made by you. It is true that a Declaration Policy would have a lower premium but this would cover shipments to Europe only.

　　我方建议贵方考虑预约保险，这样可以对你方托运的每批货物保险。当然，申报险的保险费更低，但这个险种只对运往欧洲的货物进行保险。

　　Enclosed please find a copy of our present contract. You will note the nature of the coverage and the people (and their age) who are covered by our present policy. There is no change in the personnel to be covered.

　　今附上我们目前的保险合同一份，贵方会注意到我方投保的性质和被保人员的范围(及他们的年龄)。在被保人员方面没有什么变化。

　　Insurance is to be covered by the seller for 110% of the invoice value against all Risks and War Risk.

　　由卖方投保, 按发票金额的110%投保一切险和战争险。

　　marine insurance policies or certificates in negotiable form, for 110% full CIF invoice covering the risks of War & W.A. as per the People's Insurance Co. of China dated 1/1/1976. with extended cover up to Kuala Lumpur with claims payable in (at) Kuala Lumpur in the currency of draft (irrespective of percentage)

　　使用可议付格式的海运保险单或凭证，按到岸价的发票金额的110%投保中国人民保险公司1976年1月1日生效的战争险和水渍险，保险责任扩展至吉隆坡止。按照汇票所使用的货币在吉隆坡赔付(无免赔率)

　　Insurance policy covered for 110% of total invoice value against All Risks and War Risks .

　　按发票总金额的110% 投保一切险和战争险

　　in the currency of the credit for the CIF value of the shipment plus 10 percent covering All Risks, .

　　依据信用证上所定币种按本批货物的CIF(到岸价)加10%投保一切险。

　　但要注意，在下列句子中，虽然是在谈保险之事，但cover的意思是包括，应注意分析：

　　The risk of breakage is covered by marine insurance, isn't it?

　　破碎险是包括在海洋运输货物险之内的，对吗?

　　insurance policy or certificate covering parcel post all risks including war risks as per parcel post insurance clauses and parcel post war risk insuracne clauses of the People''s Insurance Company of China dated...

　　保险单或凭证按照中国人民保险公司*年*月*日邮包保险条款和邮包战争险条款投保邮包一切险和邮包战争险。

　　表示包括、包含时，译为包括、包含等。例如：

　　All Risks covers all losses occurring throughout the voyage caused by accidents at sea or land. In other words, it includes F.P.A., W.P.A., and general additional risks, with special additional risks exclude[3].

　　一切险包括运输途中由于海上和陆上事故造成的一切损失。也就是说，除了包括水渍险和平安险的全部责任外，还包括一般附加险，但不包括特别附加险。

　　The price quoted in the brochure cover packing and are subject to 15% discount. 小册子所列的价格包括包装费在内，有15%的折扣。

　　表示购买、定货，可译为定购。

　　If you insist on your original quotation, we will have to cover our requirements elsewhere.

　　如果贵方坚持按原报价，我方将不得不从其它方面定购(购进)我们需要的货物。

　　This is to inform you that 500 dozen of shirts covered by your Order No.145 were shipped per s.s. Peace on March 5.

　　兹告知，你方第145号定单所订购的500打衬衫已于3月5日交由和平号货轮装运。(-ed结构作后置定语)

　　I have duly received your Sale Confirmation No.01JCMA1234 covering 50,000 pairs working boots we have booked with you.

　　我方已按时收到了我方向你方定购50,000双工作靴的编号为01JCMA1234销售确认书。

　　表示写明、记清楚的含义，可译为开出、记明、载明、注明等。常以V+ing +宾语结构作后置定语。例如：

　　Commercial invoice in five copies signed by beneficiary covering the CIF value of the goods and containing a statement that the goods are not of Israeli origin nor do they contain any Israeli material.

　　由受益人签章的商业发票一式五份，发票上开出的金额为货物的到岸价，同时作出全部货物的原产地不是以色列，而且产品不含有任何以色列所生产的原材料的申明。

　　We hereby issue our irrevocable Documentary Credit in your favor available by your draft(s) drawn at sight on us and accompanied by documents specified below covering full CFR invoice value of merchandise.

　　我们特开出了以你方为受益人的不可撤销的跟单信用证，凭你方开出的载明为货物的全部CFR发票金额的即期汇票和下列单据向我方议付。

　　Full set clean on board marine/ocean Bill of Lading covering port to port shipment[4].

　　注明直达运输的整套已装船清洁提单。

　　有时后接定单等名词时，表示与有关、关于的含义，Cover 常以-ing的形式出现，其结构为V+ing +名词，作后置定语，译为与有关、关于、为了。例如：

　　We have received your goods covering our order of August 10. On opening the goods, we have found it contains completely different articles. As we need the correct articles, we request you arrange for dispatch of replacements at once. Meanwhile we will keep the goods at your disposal.

　　关于8月10日定单所定的货物我方业已收到。开箱后发现货物完全不对，既然我方需要的是合同所规定的货物，因此要求你方立即安排调换货物。同时，我们将货物保存，由你方处置。

　　We have just received your advice that you cannot carry out the complete shipment covering our order for sundries at one sailing.

　　我方刚收到你方通知：你方不能用一个航次将我方所定杂货完全装运。

　　Thank you very much for your L/C covering your order No.100.

　　感谢你方为第100号的定单开来的信用证。

　　The letter of credit covering your order No. 500 has not yet reached us in spite of our repeated requests.

　　尽管我方一再要求，我方仍然还没有收到你方为500号定单所开的信用证。

　　Cover作名词时的含义及翻译

　　在说明邮寄情况的句子中，含义是一个信封，一次邮寄，可译为用信件、用邮件、函等。常用的短语有in one cover(附在信中， 随函邮寄);under separate cover(另函邮寄或另行邮寄);under registered cover(挂号信邮寄，挂号函)和in a separate cover(另函或另函包内)。例如：

　　The negotiating bank should send all documents in one cover to our international division.

　　议付行应将所有单据用信件一次性寄交我方国际贸易部。

　　We are sending you under separate cover by airmail some sales promotional literatures.

　　兹另函航邮寄上一些促销资料。

　　In order to promote business between us, we are airmailing you samples under separate cover for your inspection.

　　为促进双方业务往来，另函航邮寄上样品，供你方看样(检验)。

　　At the suggestion of ... we have much pleasure in sending you under separate cover our price lists... which we hope might possibly be of interest to you[5].

　　鉴于...的建议，今另函寄上我方...产品的价格单，望能使你方感兴趣。

　　在保险语境中，译为保险、保险单。例如：

　　open cover 预约保险单(吴林康, 1995: 176)

　　marine insurance policies or certificates in negotiable form, for 110% full CIF invoice covering the risks of War & W.A. as per the People's Insurance Co. of China dated 1/1/1976. with extended cover up to Kuala Lumpur with claims payable in (at) Kuala Lumpur in the currency of draft (irrespective of percentage).

　　使用可议付格式的海运保险单或凭证，按到岸价的发票金额的110%投保中国人民保险公司1976年1月1日生效的战争险和水渍险，保险责任扩展至吉隆坡止。按照汇票所使用的货币在吉隆坡赔付(无免赔率)

　　表示包装外皮。

　　Cover torn (提单批语) 包装外皮裂开

　　Cover的派生词的含义及其翻译

　　Cover其派生词covering、coverage也使用频繁。

　　Covering的含义及其翻译

　　Cover 的派生词covering 在商务英语中使用也相当频繁，作形容词，放在另一名词或名词短语前作定语。表示与有关、与有联系的含义，这时可译为有关的、相关的、本、此、该、关于等。例如：

　　The covering Letter of Credit must reach the Seller 15 days before .

　　有关的信用证必需在前15日到达卖方。

　　The contents of the covering Letter of Credit shall be in strict conformity with the stipulations of the Sales Contract.

　　此(该)信用证的内容须严格符合本销售合同的规定。

　　注意：Covering letter: 为公文用语,有其特定的含义

　　(letter sent with a document, or with goods, etc, typically explaining the content

　　随公文、货物等发出的通常用以说明其内容的)附信。

　　Coverage的含义及其翻译

　　Coverage为cover 的另一个派生词，作名词，主要用于保险场合，其含义是保险、险别、投保，如：

　　Risks & Coverage 险别　　increasing coverage , extending coverage 加保

　　renewing coverage 续保

　　We can serve you with a broad range of coverage against all kinks of risks for sea transport.　　我公司可以承保海洋运输的所有险别。

　　W.P.A coverage is too narrow for a shipment of this nature. Please extend the coverage to include TPND.

　　针对这种性质的货物只保水渍险是不够的，请加保偷窃提货不着险。

　　Don't you wish to arrange for W.P.A. and additional coverage against Risk of Breakage?

　　您不想保水渍险和附加破碎险吗?

　　The coverage is W.P.A. plus Risk of Breakage. 投保的险别为水渍险加破碎险。

　　As our usual practice, insurance covers basic risks only, at 110 percent of the invoice value. If coverage against other risks is required, such as breakage, leakage, TPND, hook and contamination damages, the extra premium involved would be for the buyer's account.

　　按照我们的惯例，只保基本险，按发票金额的110%投保。如果要加保其它险别，如破碎险、渗漏险、偷窃提货不着险、钩损和污染险等，额外保险费由买方负担。

　　It’s important for you to read the fine print in any insurance policy so that you know what kind of coverage you are buying.

　　阅读保险单上的细则对你是十分重要的，这样就能知道你要买的保险包括哪些项目。

　　We will arrange coverage on your behalf. 我们将代替你方投保。