法规和规章题注的英文翻译

　　1.法规的题注翻译的统一

　　法规的题注是指法规标题下面标明制定的机关和批准的时间，并用括号括起来的部分。题注是为了表明法律的合法性、有效性及其在整个立法体系中的等级地位。它是法律名称的补充，是法规的有机组成部分。

　　原文： 上海市保护消费者权益条例

　　(2002年10月28日上海市第十一届人民代表大会常务委员会第四十四次会议通过)

　　译文： Regulations of Shanghai Municipality on the Protection of Consumers’ Rights and Interests

　　(Adopted at the 44th Session of the Standing Committee of the 11th Shanghai Municipal People’s Congress on October 28, 2002)

　　2.规章的题注翻译的统一

　　规章(上海市人民政府规章)的题注是指规章标题下面标明发布的机关和批准的时间，并用括号括起来的部分。其作用与法规的题注相同，翻译中出现的问题也大致相同，现将其翻译的格式和用词统一如下例：

　　原文： 上海市商品交易市场管理办法

　　(2002年11月18日上海市人民政府令第127号发布)

　　译文： Procedures of Shanghai Municipality on the Administration of Commodity Trading Markets

　　(Promulgated on November 18, 2002 by Decree No. 127 of the Shanghai Municipal People's Government)

　　3. 法规、规章中复议和诉讼条款翻译的统一

　　法规、规章中复议和诉讼条款的内容大致相同，但译文却不尽规范、统一，现就决定统一如下例，如与原文有不同之处，请参照执行：

　　原文： 第三十三条(复议和诉讼)

　　当事人对行政管理部门的具体行政行为不服的，可以依照《中华人民共和国行政复议法》或者《中华人民共和国行政诉讼法》的规定，申请行政复议或者提起行政诉讼。

　　当事人在法定期限内不申请行政复议、不提起行政诉讼，又不履行具体行政行为的，作出具体行政行为的部门可以依照《中华人民共和国行政诉讼法》的规定，申请人民法院强制执行。

　　译文： Article 33 (Reconsideration and Lawsuit)

　　The party concerned, if disagrees with the specific administrative act made by an administrative department, may apply for administrative reconsideration or bring an administrative lawsuit according to the Law of the People’s Republic of China on Administrative Reconsideration or the Administrative Litigation Law of the People’s Republic of China.

　　Where the party concerned does not apply for administrative reconsideration, nor brings an administrative lawsuit, nor performs the specific administrative act within the prescribed time period, the department that has made the specific administrative act may apply to the people’s court for enforcement according to the Administrative Litigation Law of the People’s Republic of China.

　　中华人民共和国《民法通则》国务院法制局制作的英译本、澳洲CCH股份有限公司英译本和美国全美律协主办的China Law Reporter杂志英译本。法制局译本简称LAB、澳洲译本简称CCH、美洲译本简称CLR：

　　原文：中华人民共和国民法通则

　　译文：GENERAL PRINCIPLES OF THE CIVIL LAW OF THE PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA (LAB)

　　General Principles of Civil Law of the People’s Republic of China (CCH)

　　THE GENERAL RULES OF THE CIVIL CODE OF THE PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA (CLR)

　　述评：民法通则是中华人民共和国的民法， CLR以之为general rules，LAB和CCH均以之为general principles均不合立法的原意和文字，皆不可取。此外，民法不同于民法典，所以CLR作Civil Code是错的，而LAB和CCH作Civil Law是对的。

　　为此，建议改译如下：

　　General Civil Law of the People’s Republic of China

　　原文：一九八六年四月十二日第六届全国人民代表大会第四次会议通过

　　译文：Adopted at the Fourth Session of the Sixth National People’s Congress on April 12, 1986 (LAB)

　　Adopted 12 April 1986 by the 4th Session of the 6th National People’s Congress (CCH)

　　Adopted by the Fourth Session of the Sixth National People’s Congress, April 12, 1986 (CLR)

　　述评：拟改译如下：

　　Adopted by the Sixth National People’s Congress at its Fourth Session on April 12, 1986

　　原文：第一章 基本原则

　　译文：Chapter I Basic Principles (LAB)

　　Chapter I Fundamental Principles (CCH)

　　CHAPTER ONE: BASIC PRINCIPLES (CLR)

　　原文：第一条 为了保障公民、法人的合法的民事权益，正确调整民事关系，适应社会主义现代化建设事业发展的需要，根据宪法和我国实际情况，总结民事活动的实践经验，制定本法。

　　译文：Article 1 This Law is formulated in accordance with the Constitution and the actual situation of our country, drawing upon our practical experience in civil activities, for the purpose of protecting the lawful civil rights and interests of citizens and legal persons and correctly adjusting civil relations, so as to meet the needs of the developing socialist modernization. (LAB)

　　Article 1. This Law is formulated in order to safeguard the legitimate rights and interests of citizens and legal persons, to correctly regulate civil relations and to meet the requirements of the development of the construction of socialist modernization, in accordance with the Constitution and actual conditions in China and drawing on the practical experience of civil activities. (CCH)

　　Article 1. This Law is promulgated in accordance with the Constitution at present situation of the People’s Republic of China (PRC) and is drawn from practice in civil acts, to safeguard the legitimate civil rights and interests of citizens, juristic persons and to regulate correctly civil relations to meet the needs of construction and development of socialist modernization. (CLR)

　　建议改译如下：

　　Drawn from the experience of practices in civil activities, this Law is enacted according to the Constitution and the actualities of the PRC to protect the legal rights and interests of citizens and juristic persons in civil matters, correctly to regulate civil relations so as to cope with the building up of socialist modernization.

　　原文：第二条 中华人民共和国民法调整平等主体的公民之间、法人之间、公民和法人之间的财产关系和人身关系。

　　译文：Article 2 The Civil Law of the People's Republic of China shall adjust property relationships and personal relationships between civil subjects with equal status, that is, between citizens, between legal persons and between citizens and legal persons. (LAB)

　　Article 2. The Civil Law of the People's Republic of China regulates, on the basis of equality, the property and personal relationships between citizens, between legal persons and between citizens and legal persons. (CCH)

　　Article 2. The Civil code of the PRC regulates the property and personal relations equally between citizens, between juristic persons and between citizens and juristic persons as subject. (CLR)

　　拟改译如下：

　　The civil legislation of the PRC regulates the property and the personal relations between citizens, between juristic persons, and between citizens and juristic persons- all as equal subjects in civil matters.

　　原文：第三条 当事人在民事活动中的地位平等。

　　译文：Article 3. Parties to a civil activity shall have equal status. (LAB)

　　Article 3. Parties concerned shall enjoy equality of position in their civil activities. (CCH)

　　Article 3.The status of parties to civil acts shall be equal. (CLR)

　　述评：改译如下：

　　Parties are equal in a civil activity.

　　原文：第四条 民事活动应当遵循自愿、公平、等价有偿、诚实信用的原则。

　　译文：Article 4. In civil activities, the principles of voluntariness, fairness, making compensation for equal value, honesty and credibility shall be observed. (LAB)

　　Article 4. Civil activities shall respect the principles of voluntary participation, equity, compensation at equal value and honesty and trustworthiness. (CCH)

　　Article 4. Civil acts shall conform to the principles of voluntariness, fairness, compensation for equal value and good faith. (CLR)

　　述评：改译如下：

　　Civil activities are subject to the principles of voluntariness, fairness, quid pro quo, and full-faith-and-credit. (LAB)

　　原文：第五条 公民、法人的合法的民事权益受法律保护，任何组织和个人不得侵犯。

　　译文：Article 5. The lawful civil rights and interests of citizens and legal persons shall be protected by law; no organization or individual may infringe upon them. (LAB)

　　Article 5 The legitimate rights and interests of citizens and legal persons are protected by law and may not be violated by any organization or individual. (CCH)

　　Article 5 The legitimate civil rights and interests of citizens and juristic persons are protected by law, and no organization or individual may encroach upon them. (CLR)

　　述评：建议改译如下：

　　The Legal rights and interests of citizens and juristic person in civil matters are protected by the law, not to be interfered with by any organization or individual.

　　原文：第六条 民事活动必须遵守法律，法律没有规定的，应当遵守国家政策。

　　译文：Article 6. Civil activities must be in compliance with the law; where there are no relevant provisions in the law, they shall be in compliance with state policies. (LAB)

　　Article 6 Civil activities must respect the law. Where the law has no provisions with regard to civil activities, they shall respect State policies. (CCH)

　　Article 6 Civil acts must be in accord with the law. Where there is no rule under the law, State policy must be obeyed. (CLR)

　　述评：建议改译如下：

　　Civil activities must respect the law or, where the law is silent, the State policies.

　　原文：第七条 民事活动应当尊重社会公德，不得损害社会公共利益，破坏国家经济计划，扰乱社会经济秩序。

　　译文：Article 7 Civil activities shall have respect for social ethics and shall not harm the public interest, undermine state economic plans or disrupt social economic order. (LAB)

　　Article 7. Civil activities shall respect social moral principles and shall not harm the common interest of society, damage State economic plans or disrupt social economic order. (CCH)

　　Article 7. Civil acts should respect for social morality and must not harm the public interest, undermine the State economic plans nor disrupt the economic order of society. (CLR)

　　述评：建议改译如下：

　　Civil activities are to respect social mores but not to harm the public interest, undermine the State economic planning, or disrupt the social economic order.

　　原文：第八条 在中华人民共和国领域内的民事活动，适用中华人民共和国法律，法律另有规定的除外。

　　本法关于公民的规定，适用于在中华人民共和国领域内的外国人、无国籍人，法律另有规定的除外。

　　译文：Article 8 The law of the People's Republic of China shall apply to civil activities within the People's Republic of China, except as otherwise stipulated by law.

　　The stipulations of this Law as regards citizens shall apply to foreigners and stateless persons within the People's Republic of China, except as otherwise stipulated by law. (LAB)

　　Article 8. Unless otherwise stipulated by law, the laws of the People's Republic of China shall apply to civil activities carried out within the territory of the People's Republic of China.

　　Unless otherwise stipulated by law, the provisions of this Law with regards to citizens apply to foreign nationals and stateless persons within the territory of the People's Republic of China. (CCH)

　　Article 8. Except as otherwise provided by law, civil acts within the territory of the PRC are subject to the law of the PRC.

　　Except as otherwise provided by law, the provisions of this Law applicable to citizens shall apply to foreign persons and stateless persons in the territory of the PRC. (CLR)

　　述评：建议改译如下：

　　The PRC law applies to civil activities in the PRC unless otherwise provided.

　　Provisions of this law concerning citizens also apply to aliens and stateless persons unless otherwise provided.