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人体解剖学基本词汇中英对照

2019-09-05 12:20 随心笔记

  人体解剖学基本词汇中英对照

  可按Ctrl+F查找

  systematic anatomy系统解剖学

  regional anatomy(topographic anatomy·)局部解剖学

  anatomical position解剖学姿势

  superior上

  inferior下

  anterior前

  posterior后

  medial内侧

  lateral外侧

  superficial浅

  deep深

  internal 内

  external外

  proximal近侧

  distal远侧

  vertical axis垂直轴

  sagittal axis矢状轴

  coronal axis(frontal axis)冠状轴(额状轴)

  sagittal plane矢状面

  coronal plane(frontal plane)冠状面(额状面)

  horizontal plane(transverse plane)水平面(横切面)

  I.Locomotor System运动系统

  1.Bony System (Osteology)骨学

  long bone长骨

  short bone短骨

  flat bone扁骨

  irregular bone不规则骨

  sesamoid bone籽骨

  compact bone(dense bone)骨密质

  cancellous bone(spongy bone)骨松质

  diploe板障

  periosteum骨膜

  bone marrow骨髓

  (1)Bones of Trunk躯干骨

  vertebrae椎骨

  cervical vertebrae颈椎

  thoracic vertebrae胸椎

  lumbar vertebrae腰椎

  sacrum骶骨

  coccyx尾骨

  atlas寰椎

  axis枢椎

  vertebra prominens隆椎

  sternum胸骨

  rib肋骨

  costal cartilage肋软骨

  (2)Skull颅

  frontal bone额骨

  ethmoid bone筛骨

  sphenoid bone蝶骨

  parietal bone顶骨

  temporal bone颞骨

  occipital bone枕骨

  maxilla上颌骨

  zygomatic bone颧骨

  palatine bone腭骨

  nasal bone鼻骨

  lacrimal bone泪骨

  inferior nasal concha下鼻甲

  vomer犁骨

  mandible下颌骨

  hyoid bone舌骨

  (3)Bones of Upper Limb上肢骨

  clavicle锁骨

  scapula肩胛骨

  humerus肱骨

  ulna尺骨

  radius桡骨

  scaphoid bone手舟骨

  lunate bone月骨

  triquetral bone三角骨

  pisiform bone豌豆骨

  trapezium bone大多角骨

  trapezoid bone小多角骨

  capitate bone头状骨

  hamate bone钩骨

  metacarpal bones掌骨

  phalanges指骨

  (4)Bones of Lower Limb下肢骨

  hip bone髋骨

  ilium髂骨

  ischium坐骨

  pubis耻骨

  femur股骨

  patella髌骨

  tibia胫骨

  fibula腓骨

  talus距骨

  calcaneus跟骨

  navicular bone足舟骨

  medial cuneiform bone内侧楔骨

  intermediate cuneiform bone中间楔骨

  lateral cuneiform bone外侧楔骨

  cuboid bone骰骨

  metartarsal bones跖骨

  phalanges of toes趾骨

  2.Arthrology关节学

  joint(articulation)关节

  ligament韧带

  flexion屈

  extension伸

  adduction收

  abduction展

  pronation旋前

  supination旋后

  rotation旋转

  circumduction环转

  (1)Joints of Bones of Trunk躯干骨的连结

  vertebral column脊柱

  intervertebral disc椎间盘

  annulus fibrosus纤维环

  nucleus pulposus髓核

  anterior longitudinal ligament前纵韧带

  posterior longitudinal ligament后纵韧带

  cervical curve颈曲

  thoracic curve胸曲

  lumbar curve腰曲

  sacral curve骶曲

  thoracic cage胸廓

  costal arch肋弓

  (2)Synovial Joint of Skull颅的连结

  temporomandibular joint颞下颌关节

  (3)Joints of Upper Limb上肢骨连结

  shoulder joint肩关节

  elbow joint肘关节

  wrist joint(radiocarpal joint)腕关节(桡腕关节)

  (4)Joints of Lower Limb下肢骨连结

  pelvis骨盆

  hip joint髋关节

  knee joint膝关节

  medial meniscus内侧半月板

  lateral meniscus外侧半月板

  ankle joint(talocrural joint)踝关节(距小腿关节)

  arch of foot足弓

  3.Myology(Muscular System)肌学

  muscle肌

  long muscle长肌

  short muscle短肌

  flat muscle扁肌

  orbicular muscle轮匝肌

  superficial fascia(subcutaneous fascia)浅筋膜

  deep fascia(proper fascia)深筋膜

  (1)Muscles of Head头肌

  1)Facial Muscles面肌

  Epicranius(occipitofrontalis)颅顶肌(枕额肌)

  galea aponeurotica帽状腱膜

  orbicularis oculi眼轮匝肌

  orbicularis oris口轮匝肌

  2)Masticatory Muscles咀嚼肌

  masseter咬肌

  temporalis颞肌

  lateral pterygoid翼外肌

  medial pterygoid翼内肌

  (2)Muscles of Neck颈肌

  platysma颈阔肌

  sternocleidomastoid胸锁乳突肌

  scalenus anterior前斜角肌

  (3)Muscles of Trunk躯干肌

  1)Muscles of Back背肌

  trapezius斜方肌

  latissimus dorsi背阔肌

  erector spinae(sacrospinalis)竖脊肌(骶棘肌)

  2)Muscles of Thorax胸肌

  pectoralis major胸大肌

  serratus anterior前锯肌

  intercostales externi肋间外肌

  intercostales interni肋间内肌

  3)Diaphragm膈

  4)Muscles of Abdomen腹肌

  obliquus externus abdominis腹外斜肌

  obliquus internus abdominis腹内斜肌

  transversus abdominis腹横肌

  rectus abdominis腹直肌

  (4)Muscles of Upper Limb上肢肌

  1)Muscles of Shoulder肩肌

  deltoid三角肌

  2)Muscles of Arm臂肌

  biceps brachii肱二头肌

  brachialis肱肌

  triceps brachii肱三头肌

  3)Muscles of Forearm前臂肌

  flexor pollicis longus拇长屈肌

  flexor digitorum superficialis指浅屈肌

  flexor digitorum profundus指深屈肌

  extensor pollicis longus拇长伸肌

  extensor digitorum指伸肌

  4)Muscles of Hand手肌

  (5)Muscles of Lower Limb下肢肌

  1)Muscles of Hip髋肌

  psoas major腰大肌

  iliacus髂肌

  gluteus maximus臀大肌

  piriformis梨状肌

  2)Muscles of Thigh大腿肌

  sartorius缝匠肌

  quadriceps femoris股四头肌

  adductor longus长收肌

  adductor magnus大收肌

  biceps femoris股二头肌

  semitendinosus半腱肌

  semimembranosus半膜肌

  3)Muscles of Leg小腿肌

  tibialis anterior胫骨前肌

  extensor digitorum longus趾长伸肌

  extensor hallucis longus拇长伸肌

  triceps surae小腿三头肌

  flexor digitorum longus趾长屈肌

  tibialis posterior胫骨后肌

  flexor hallucis longus拇长屈肌

  4)Muscles of Foot足肌

  II.Splanchnology内脏学

  viscera内脏

  1.Alimentary System消化系统

  alimentary canal消化管

  alimentary gland消化腺

  (1)Oral Cavity口腔

  oral lips口唇

  philtrum人中

  cheek颊

  hard palate硬腭

  soft palate软腭

  uvula腭垂

  palatine velum腭帆

  palatoglossal arch腭舌弓

  palatopharyngeal arch腭咽弓

  isthmus of fauces咽峡

  deciduous teeth乳牙

  permanent teeth恒牙

  incisor切牙

  canine尖牙

  premolar前磨牙

  molar磨牙

  dentine牙质

  enamel釉质

  cement牙骨质

  dental pulp牙髓

  tongue舌

  parotid gland腮腺

  submandibular gland下颌下腺

  sublingual gland舌下腺

  (2)Pharynx咽

  nasopharynx鼻咽

  oropharynx口咽

  laryngopharynx喉咽

  palatine tonsil腭扁桃体

  (3)Esophagus食管

  (4)Stomach胃

  (5)Small Intestine小肠

  duodenum十二指肠

  jejunum空肠

  ileum回肠

  (6)Large Intestine大肠

  caecum盲肠

  vermiform appendix阑尾

  ascending colon升结肠

  transverse colon横结肠

  descending colon降结肠

  sigmoid colon乙状结肠

  rectum直肠

  anal canal肛管

  anal column肛柱

  anal valve肛瓣

  anal sinus肛窦

  dental line齿状线

  anal pecten肛梳

  white line白线

  anus肛门

  sphincter ani internus肛门内括约肌

  sphincter ani externus肛门外括约肌

  (7)Liver肝

  porta hepatis肝门

  hepatic pedicle肝蒂

  gallbladder胆囊

  (8)Pancreas胰

  2.Respiratory System呼吸系统

  respiratory tract呼吸道

  respiratory organ呼吸器官

  (1)Nose鼻

  (2)Paranasal Sinus鼻旁窦

  frontal sinus额窦

  maxillary sinus上颌窦

  ethmoidal sinus筛窦

  sphenoid sinus蝶窦

  (3)Larynx喉

  thyroid cartilage甲状软骨

  cricoid cartilage环状软骨

  arytenoid cartilage杓状软骨

  epiglottic cartilage会厌软骨

  vocal fold声带

  cricothyroid环甲肌

  (4)Trachea and Bronchi气管和支气管

  right principal bronchus右主支气管

  left principal bronchus左主支气管

  (5)Lung肺

  apex of lung肺尖

  base of lung肺底

  hilum of lung肺门

  root of lung肺根

  (6)Pleura胸膜

  parietal pleura壁胸膜

  viceral pleura脏胸膜

  pleural cavity胸膜腔

  costodiaphragmatic recess肋膈隐窝

  3.Urinary System泌尿系统

  kidney肾

  renal hilum肾门

  renal pedicle肾蒂

  renal sinus肾窦

  renal region肾区

  minor renal calices肾小盏

  major renal calices肾大盏

  renal pelvis肾盂

  ureter输尿管

  urinary bladder膀胱

  urethra尿道

  4.Male Genital System男性生殖系统

  testis睾丸

  epididymis附睾

  ductus deferens输精管

  spermatic cord精索

  ejaculatory duct射精管

  seminal vesicle精囊

  prostate前列腺

  bulbourethral gland尿道球腺

  penis阴茎

  scrotum阴囊

  5.Female Genital System女性生殖系统

  ovary卵巢

  uterine tube输卵管

  uterus子宫

  vagina阴道

  vaginal orifice阴道口

  hymen处女膜

  greater vestibular gland前庭大腺

  vulva女阴

  greater lip of pudendum大阴唇

  lesser lip of pudendum小阴唇

  clitoris阴

  mamma乳房

  mammary papilla(nipple)乳头

  6.Peritonium腹膜

  peritoneal cavity腹膜腔

  lesser omentum小网膜

  greater omentum大网膜

  mesentery肠系膜

  rectovesical pouch直肠膀胱陷凹

  vesicouterine pouch膀胱子宫陷凹

  rectouterine pouch(Douglas’pouch)直肠子宫陷凹(道格拉斯陷窝)

  III.Vascular System脉管系统

  1.Cardiovascular System心血管系统

  pulmonary circulation(lesser circulation)肺循环(小循环)

  systemic circulation(greater circulation)体循环(大循环)

  (1)Heart心

  right atrium右心房

  right ventricle右心室

  left atrium左心房

  left ventricle左心室

  tricuspid valve三尖瓣

  bicuspid valve二尖瓣

  aortic valve主动脉瓣

  pulmonary valve肺动脉瓣

  sinoatrial node窦房结

  internodal tract结间束

  atrioventricular node房室结

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