英语翻译常识有哪些

英译汉翻译技能归化(Adaptation)由于文;常用于翻译成语、典故、形象词等文化色彩较浓的表达;1)haveawolfbytheears骑虎难下;2)tobecutatelbows捉襟见肘;3)atsword’spoints强烈分歧;4)Giveadoganillnameandha;5)Alittlepotissoonhot量小易;6)Idon’tund

　　英语翻译技能 归化 (Adaptation)由于文化上的差异，英译汉时有时直译原文就会使译入语读者感到费解，甚至误解。这时，就有必要借用汉语中意义相同或相近、且具有自己鲜明文化色彩的表达法对原文加以归化。

　　常用于翻译成语、典故、形象词等文化色彩较浓的表达方式

　　1) have a wolf by the ears 骑虎难下

　　2) to be cut at elbows 捉襟见肘

　　3) at sword’s points 强烈分歧

　　4) Give a dog an ill name and hang him. 欲加之罪，何患无词

　　5) A little pot is soon hot 量小易怒

　　6) I don’t understand how he can think she is good-looking, but beauty is in the eye of the beholder.

　　我不知道他怎么会认为她好看呢，但是情人眼里出西施。

　　7) He may always possess merits which make up for everything; if he loses on the swings, he may win on the roundabouts.

　　他也许总是保持着弥补一切的优点，失之东隅的，他可以收之桑榆。

　　8) It was a case of diamond cut diamond. They thought they were going to beat Barcelona. In fact they lost the game 0:3.

　　强中自有强中手，他们以为可以痛宰巴塞罗那，事实上他们0：3惨败。

　　9) All you can do is to burn your boats and fight them in the hope that one day they’ll come out on top.

　　你只有破釜沉舟跟他们拚，或许有朝一日会出头的。

　　10) The students must be enjoying the speech, because they’re laughing their heads off.

　　学生们笑得前仰后合，他们一定是很欣赏这个演讲。

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　　单词分译是指把原文中的一个单词分译成一个句子。

　　目的：1、句法上的需要

　　2、修辞上的需要

　　1) At present people have a tendency to choose the safety of the middle-ground reply.

　　现在，人们都倾向于采取不偏不倚的态度来回答问题，因为它安全，不招风险。

　　2) The inside of each tent depended on the personality of its occupants.

　　每个帐篷内怎么布置，这就要看各个使用者的性格了。

　　3) Aunt Julia vainly asked each of her neighbours in turn to tell her what Gabriel had said.

　　朱莉亚姨妈接连向坐在旁边的人打听加布里埃尔刚才说了些什么，却没有问出个所以然来。

　　4) The American commander, Admiral Nimitz, was understandably reluctant to join the battle.

　　美军司令上将尼米兹怠于出战，这是可以理解的。

　　Ø 短语分译

　　短语分译是指把原文中的一个短语分译成一个句子。

　　1) The intent to make an immediate gift must be clear and unmistakable, and the transfer must take immediate and permanent effect.

　　直接赠与的意向必须明白无误，转让行为必须立即产生效力，且该效力应具有永久性。

　　2) Built in 1192, the bridge is over 700 hundred years old.

　　这座桥是1192年修建的，至今已经有700多年的历史了。

　　3) Several blocks from the park, running parallel to it, Clement Street bustles like a second Chinatown with dozens of ethnic restaurants.

　　离公园几个街区便是与公园平行的克莱门特街。那儿有十几家民族餐馆，热闹得如同第二个唐人街。

　　Ø 句子分译

　　句子分译可以分为简单句的分译，并列复合句的分译，主从复合句的分译以及长句的分译。

　　1) His wealth enables him to do everything.

　　他有钱，什么事都能干。

　　2) His contemptuous attitude towards us is contemptible.

　　他以藐视的态度对待我们，这种态度是可鄙的。

　　汉译英翻译重点 主语的确定

　　原文主语作主语：场合有限

　　重新确定主语

　　(比较翻译)

　　1) 世纪之交，中国外交空前活跃。

　　a) The turn of the century finds China most attractive on the diplomatic arena.

　　b) At the turn of the century, China is very active in its diplomatic activities.

　　中国发生了翻天覆地的变化。

　　Great changes have taken place in China.

　　China has witnessed tremendous changes.

　　2) 一九六四年十月中国爆炸了第一颗原子弹，使世界大为震惊。

　　a. China’s first atomic blast in October, 1964 was a great shock to the rest of the

　　world.

　　b. In October, 1964, China blasted its first atomic bomb, which shocked the rest of the world greatly.

　　3) 胎又瘪了。

　　a. We’ve got another flat tire.

　　b. Our tire is flat again.

　　4) 人不可貌相，海水不可斗量。

　　a. It is impossible to judge people from their appearance, and impossible to measure the ocean by pints.

　　b. We can’t judge people from their appearance, just as we can’t measure the ocean by pints.

　　增补主语

　　1、 推敲语境

　　2、 考虑英语语法习惯和行文的需要

　　沉默呵，沉默呵!不在沉默中爆发，就在沉默中灭亡。

　　Silence, silence! Unless we burst out, we shall perish in this silence!

　　起大风了。

　　It’s blowing hard.

　　用劳动实现自己的理想，用理想指导自己的劳动。

　　You realize your ideals through labor and you guide your labor by ideals.

　　1) 中国社会主义建设的航船将乘风破浪的驶向现代化的光辉彼岸。

　　a. The ship of China’s socialist construction will brave the wind and waves and sail to the glorious destination of modernization.

　　b. China will stride forward in building socialism, like a ship braving the wind and the waves, towards the glorious destination of modernization.

　　2) 我们之间关系的发展使我们不仅成为亲密的朋友，而且成为兄弟。

　　a. The development of our relations has made us not only close friends but also brothers.

　　b. Our relations have so grown that bind us not only as close friends but also as brothers.

　　3) 他心直口快，总是愿意和任何人交朋友，所以很快就赢得了大家的信任。

　　a. His outspokenness and readiness to make friends with anyone soon won their trust.

　　b. He was very outspoken and always ready to make friends with anyone, so he won their trust.

　　4) 中国的富强和发展不会对任何国家构成威胁。

　　a. A strong, prosperous and developed China will pose no threat to any countries.

　　b. The strength, prosperity and development of China will pose no threat to any countries.

　　5) 轻纺工业产品的花色品种增多，质量继续有所提高。

　　a. The designs and variety of light industrial and textile products have increased and their quality has continued to improve.

　　b. Light industry and textile products are now available in better designs and quality and richer variety.

　　6) 楼的质量不好。

　　a. The building is not well built.

　　b. The quality of the building is poor.

　　天有不测风云，人有旦夕祸福。

　　Storms gather without warning in nature and bad luck befalls men overnight.

　　真是太荒谬了。