美国统一商法典(中英文翻译模板 第2A-215至2A-311款）

　　§ 2A-215. CUMULATION AND CONFLICT OF WARRANTIES EXPRESS OR IMPLIED. 明示担保或默示担保之效力的叠加和冲突.

　　Warranties, whether express or implied, must be construed as consistent with each other and as cumulative, but if that construction is unreasonable, the intention of the parties determines which warranty is dominant. In ascertaining that intention the following rules apply:

　　(a) Exact or technical specifications displace an inconsistent sample or model or general language of description.

　　(b) A sample from an existing bulk displaces inconsistent general language of description.

　　(c) Express warranties displace inconsistent implied warranties other than an implied warranty of fitness for a particular purpose.

　　无论为明示或默示担保，均应作相互一致的解释，且效力有叠加效果，如果此种解释不合理，以当事人的意图确定何项担保为主。当事人的意志，应根据下列原则确定：

　　(a) 精确的或技术性的规格排除不一致的样品或模型或一般性文字说明。

　　(b) 从现存大批货物中抽出的样品排除不一致的一般性文字说明。

　　(c) 明示担保排除不一致的默示担保，但货物适用于特定用途的默示担保除外。

　　§ 2A-216. THIRD-PARTY BENEFICIARIES OF EXPRESS AND IMPLIED WARRANTIES. 明示与默示担保的第三方受益人.

　　Alternative A选项 a

　　A warranty to or for the benefit of a lessee under this Article, whether express or implied, extends to any natural person who is in the family or household of the lessee or who is a guest in the lessee's home if it is reasonable to expect that such person may use, consume, or be affected by the goods and who is injured in person by breach of the warranty. This section does not displace principles of law and equity that extend a warranty to or for the benefit of a lessee to other persons. The operation of this section may not be excluded, modified, or limited, but an exclusion, modification, or limitation of the warranty, including any with respect to rights and remedies, effective against the lessee is also effective against any beneficiary designated under this section.

　　根据本篇对承租人的担保或对其利益的担保，无论明示或默示，延及承租人家庭中的任何自然人或承租人家中的客人，只要可以合理设想上述任何人将使用或消费此种货物或受其影响，并且上述任何人因出租人违反担保而受到人身伤害。本条不取代扩展承租人对其他人的担保或对其利益的担保的法律原则和衡平法原则。本条的适用不得排除、修改或限制，但该包括任何关于权利和救济的担保之排除、修改、或限制，对承租人有效，则也对任何本条指定的受益人有效。

　　Alternative B选项b

　　A warranty to or for the benefit of a lessee under this Article, whether express or implied, extends to any natural person who may reasonably be expected to use, consume, or be affected by the goods and who is injured in person by breach of the warranty. This section does not displace principles of law and equity that extend a warranty to or for the benefit of a lessee to other persons. The operation of this section may not be excluded, modified, or limited, but an exclusion, modification, or limitation of the warranty, including any with respect to rights and remedies, effective against the lessee is also effective against the beneficiary designated under this section.

　　根据本篇对承租人的担保或对其利益的担保，无论明示或默示，延及承租人家庭中的任何自然人或承租人家中的客人，只要可以合理设想上述任何人将使用或消费此种货物或受其影响，并且上述任何人因出租人违反担保而受到人身伤害。本条不取代扩展承租人对其他人的担保或对其利益的担保的法律原则和衡平法原则。本条的适用不得排除、修改或限制，但该包括任何关于权利和救济的担保之排除、修改、或限制，对承租人有效，则也对任何本条指定的受益人有效。

　　Alternative C选项 c

　　A warranty to or for the benefit of a lessee under this Article, whether express or implied, extends to any person who may reasonably be expected to use, consume, or be affected by the goods and who is injured by breach of the warranty. The operation of this section may not be excluded, modified, or limited with respect to injury to the person of an individual to whom the warranty extends, but an exclusion, modification, or limitation of the warranty, including any with respect to rights and remedies, effective against the lessee is also effective against the beneficiary designated under this section.

　　根据本篇对承租人的担保或对其利益的担保，无论明示或默示，延及承租人家庭中的任何人或承租人家中的客人，只要可以合理设想上述任何人将使用或消费此种货物或受其影响，并且上述任何人因出租人违反担保而受到人身伤害。本条不取代扩展该担保扩展范围内的自然人的人身伤害的担保的法律原则和衡平法原则，但该包括任何关于权利和救济的担保之排除、修改、或限制，对承租人有效，则也对任何本条指定的受益人有效。

　　§ 2A-217. IDENTIFICATION. 识别

　　Identification of goods as goods to which a lease contract refers may be made at any time and in any manner explicitly agreed to by the parties. In the absence of explicit agreement, identification occurs:

　　(a) when the lease contract is made if the lease contract is for a lease of goods that are existing and identified;

　　(b) when the goods are shipped, marked, or otherwise designated by the lessor as goods to which the lease contract refers, if the lease contract is for a lease of goods that are not existing and identified; or

　　(c) when the young are conceived, if the lease contract is for a lease of unborn young of animals.

　　租赁合同的货物之识别可以在双方当事人明确约定的任何时间以任何方式进行。没有约定时，识别发生于：

　　(a) 租赁合同签订时，如果该租赁合同是关于已经存在并已特定的货物的租赁;

　　(b) 货物发运、标记或以承租人指定的其他方式作出时，如果该租赁合同是关于尚未存在并特定的货物的租赁;或

　　(c) 当胚胎受精时，如果该租赁合同是关于尚未出生的动物幼仔的租赁。

　　§ 2A-218. INSURANCE AND PROCEEDS. .保险与收益

　　(1) A lessee obtains an insurable interest when existing goods are identified to the lease contract even though the goods identified are nonconforming and the lessee has an option to reject them.

　　(2) If a lessee has an insurable interest only by reason of the lessor's identification of the goods, the lessor, until default or insolvency or notification to the lessee that identification is final, may substitute other goods for those identified.

　　(3) Notwithstanding a lessee's insurable interest under subsections (1) and (2), the lessor retains an insurable interest until an option to buy has been exercised by the lessee and risk of loss has passed to the lessee.

　　(4) Nothing in this section impairs any insurable interest recognized under any other statute or rule of law.

　　(5) The parties by agreement may determine that one or more parties have an obligation to obtain and pay for insurance covering the goods and by agreement may determine the beneficiary of the proceeds of the insurance.

　　(1) 当存在的货物特定于租赁合同时，即使该特定货物不符合合同，并且承租人有权选择拒收，承租人获得可保利益。

　　(2) 如果只有通过出租人对货物的特定化，承租人才有可保利益，在不履行或破产或通知承租人特定化已结束前，出租人可以其他货物替代该特定货物。

　　(3) 不管承租人在(1)及(2)款下的可保利益，除非承租人行使购买选择权并且毁损风险已转移至承租人，出租人获得可保利益。

　　(4) 本条之任何规定均不损害任何其他法令或法令规则承认的可保利益。

　　(5) 当事人可以协议确定一方或多方当事人有义务获得货物保险并投保，并且可以协议确定保险收益的受益人。

　　§ 2A-219. RISK OF LOSS. 毁损风险

　　(1) Except in the case of a finance lease, risk of loss is retained by the lessor and does not pass to the lessee. In the case of a finance lease, risk of loss passes to the lessee.

　　(2) Subject to the provisions of this Article on the effect of default on risk of loss (Section 2A-220), if risk of loss is to pass to the lessee and the time of passage is not stated, the following rules apply:

　　(a) If the lease contract requires or authorizes the goods to be shipped by carrier

　　(i) and it does not require delivery at a particular destination, the risk of loss passes to the lessee when the goods are duly delivered to the carrier; but

　　(ii) if it does require delivery at a particular destination and the goods are there duly tendered while in the possession of the carrier, the risk of loss passes to the lessee when the goods are there duly so tendered as to enable the lessee to take delivery.

　　(b) If the goods are held by a bailee to be delivered without being moved, the risk of loss passes to the lessee on acknowledgment by the bailee of the lessee's right to possession of the goods.

　　(c) In any case not within subsection (a) or (b), the risk of loss passes to the lessee on the lessee's receipt of the goods if the lessor, or, in the case of a finance lease, the supplier, is a merchant; otherwise the risk passes to the lessee on tender of delivery.

　　(1) 除融资租赁情形外，货物毁损灭失的风险由出租人保留，不转移至承租人。在融资租赁情形，货物毁损灭失的风险转移至承租人。

　　(2) 除本篇关于不履行对毁损风险的影响(§ 2a-220) 另有规定外，如果货物毁损灭失的风险转移至承租人，转移时间未约定，下列规则适用：

　　(a) 如果租赁合同要求或授权货物由承运人运输

　　(i) 并且不要求于特定目的地交付，毁损风险于货物适时交付给承运人时转移至承租人;但

　　(ii) 如果不要求于特定目的地交付，并且货物在承运人占有时适时地提示交付，毁损风险于货物适时提示交付，使承租人能够取得交付时转移至承租人。

　　(b) 如果货物由保管人保管，无需移动即可交付，毁损风险于保管人认可承租人对该货物的占有权时转移至承租人。

　　(c) 除(a) 或(b)款规定以外的任何情形，如果出租人或融资租赁的供应人是一个商人，毁损风险于承租人收到货物时转移至承租人;否则毁损风险于提示交付时转移至承租人。

　　§ 2A-220. EFFECT OF DEFAULT ON RISK OF LOSS. 违约对毁损风险的影响

　　(1) Where risk of loss is to pass to the lessee and the time of passage is not stated:

　　(a) If a tender or delivery of goods so fails to conform to the lease contract as to give a right of rejection, the risk of their loss remains with the lessor, or, in the case of a finance lease, the supplier, until cure or acceptance.

　　(b) If the lessee rightfully revokes acceptance, he [or she], to the extent of any deficiency in his [or her] effective insurance coverage, may treat the risk of loss as having remained with the lessor from the beginning.

　　(2) Whether or not risk of loss is to pass to the lessee, if the lessee as to conforming goods already identified to a lease contract repudiates or is otherwise in default under the lease contract, the lessor, or, in the case of a finance lease, the supplier, to the extent of any deficiency in his [or her] effective insurance coverage may treat the risk of loss as resting on the lessee for a commercially reasonable time.

　　(1) 如果货物毁损灭失的风险转移至承租人并且转移时间未约定：

　　(a) 如果货物的提示交付或交付不符合租赁合同，使一项拒绝权产生，货物毁损灭失的风险由出租人或融资租赁的供应人保留，除非已补救或者已接受。

　　(b) 如果承租人正当地撤回接搜，在有效的保险责任不足范围内，他[或她]可以视为该毁损风险自始保留在出租人。

　　(2) 无论货物毁损灭失的风险是否转移至承租人，如果已特定于租赁合同的货物符合合同，而承租人毁约或以其他方式不履行租赁合同，在有效的保险责任不足范围内，出租人或融资租赁的供应人可以视为该毁损风险已于商业上合理的时间转移至承租人。

　　§ 2A-221. CASUALTY TO IDENTIFIED GOODS. 对特定货物的损害.

　　If a lease contract requires goods identified when the lease contract is made, and the goods suffer casualty without fault of the lessee, the lessor or the supplier before delivery, or the goods suffer casualty before risk of loss passes to the lessee pursuant to the lease agreement or Section 2A-219, then:

　　(a) if the loss is total, the lease contract is avoided; and

　　(b) if the loss is partial or the goods have so deteriorated as to no longer conform to the lease contract, the lessee may nevertheless demand inspection and at his [or her] option either treat the lease contract as avoided or, except in a finance lease that is not a consumer lease, accept the goods with due allowance from the rent payable for the balance of the lease term for the deterioration or the deficiency in quantity but without further right against the lessor.

　　如果租赁合同要求当合同订立时货物特定，并且该货物非因承租人、出租人或供应人原因在交付前毁损，或者该货物在风险转移至承租人前毁损，依照租赁协议或§ 2a-219，那么：

　　(a) 如果货物全损，租赁合同解除;并且

　　(b) 如果货物部分损害或者该货物遭受损害后不再符合租赁合同，承租人仍然可以要求检验，并且有权选择解除租赁合同或者，除消费租赁外的融资租赁外，接受该货物，并且，基于该货物在量上的损害或不足，对剩余租赁期间应支付的租金适当支付，但其对出租人没有更进一步的权利。

　　PART 3. EFFECT OF LEASE CONTRACT [Table of Contents] 租赁合同的效力

　　§ 2A-301. ENFORCEABILITY OF LEASE CONTRACT. 租赁合同的可执行性.

　　Except as otherwise provided in this Article, a lease contract is effective and enforceable according to its terms between the parties, against purchasers of the goods and against creditors of the parties.

　　除非本篇另有规定，根据当事人之间的条款，租赁合同有效，并且对于货物购买人、双方当事人的债权人可强制执行。

　　§ 2A-302. TITLE TO AND POSSESSION OF GOODS. 货物所有权与占有

　　Except as otherwise provided in this Article, each provision of this Article applies whether the lessor or a third party has title to the goods, and whether the lessor, the lessee, or a third party has possession of the goods, notwithstanding any statute or rule of law that possession or the absence of possession is fraudulent.

　　除非本篇另有规定，本篇每项规定适用，无论出租人还是第三人对货物具有所有权，并且，无论出租人、承租人还是第三人占有该货物，尽管任何法令或法令规则认定该占有或不占有是欺诈性的。

　　§ 2A-303. ALIENABILITY OF PARTY'S INTEREST UNDER LEASE CONTRACT OR OF LESSOR'S RESIDUAL INTEREST IN GOODS; DELEGATION OF PERFORMANCE; TRANSFER OF RIGHTS.

　　当事人租赁合同权益的或出租人对货物的剩余权益的可让与性; 委托履行; 权利转让.

　　(1) As used in this section, "creation of a security interest" includes the sale of a lease contract that is subject to Article 9, Secured Transactions, by reason of Section 9-109(a)(3).

　　(2) Except as provided in subsection (3) and Section 9-407, a provision in a lease agreement which (i) prohibits the voluntary or involuntary transfer, including a transfer by sale, sublease, creation or enforcement of a security interest, or attachment, levy, or other judicial process, of an interest of a party under the lease contract or of the lessor's residual interest in the goods, or (ii) makes such a transfer an event of default, gives rise to the rights and remedies provided in subsection (4), but a transfer that is prohibited or is an event of default under the lease agreement is otherwise effective.

　　(3) A provision in a lease agreement which (i) prohibits a transfer of a right to damages for default with respect to the whole lease contract or of a right to payment arising out of the transferor's due performance of the transferor's entire obligation , or (ii) makes such a transfer an event of default, is not enforceable, and such a transfer is not a transfer that materially impairs the prospect of obtaining return performance by, materially changes the duty of, or materially increases the burden or risk imposed on, the other party to the lease contract within the purview of subsection (4).

　　(1) 本条中，担保物权的创设包括由于§ 9-109(a)(3)而受第9篇《担保交易》调整的租赁合同交易。

　　(2) 除 (3)款及§ 9-407规定外，租赁协议的规定 (i) 禁止自愿或非自愿的转让，包括通过下列方式的转让：一方当事人的租赁合同权益、出租人对货物的剩余权益的买卖、转租、担保物权的创设或实行、扣押、查封或其他对货物的司法程序，或(ii) 作出一件构成违约的转让，引起(4) 款规定的权利和救济，但根据租赁协议被禁止或者构成违约的转让仍然有效。

　　(3) 租赁协议的规定(i)禁止关于整个租赁合同的违约损害赔偿请求权的转让，或禁止让与人的整体义务的应履行而产生的对付款的权利的让与，或(ii) 作出构成违约事件的转让，不具有强制执行效力，并且这样的转让通过实质性地改变其义务，或者实质性地增加其负担、负担的风险，不实质性地削弱在(4)款范围内的租赁合同的其他当事人获得对待履行的期待。

　　(4) Subject to subsection (3) and Section 9-407:

　　(a) if a transfer is made which is made an event of default under a lease agreement, the party to the lease contract not making the transfer, unless that party waives the default or otherwise agrees, has the rights and remedies described in Section 2A-501(2);

　　(b) if paragraph (a) is not applicable and if a transfer is made that (i) is prohibited under a lease agreement or (ii) materially impairs the prospect of obtaining return performance by, materially changes the duty of, or materially increases the burden or risk imposed on, the other party to the lease contract, unless the party not making the transfer agrees at any time to the transfer in the lease contract or otherwise, then, except as limited by contract, (i) the transferor is liable to the party not making the transfer for damages caused by the transfer to the extent that the damages could not reasonably be prevented by the party not making the transfer and (ii) a court having jurisdiction may grant other appropriate relief, including cancellation of the lease contract or an injunction against the transfer.

　　(5) A transfer of "the lease" or of "all my rights under the lease", or a transfer in similar general terms, is a transfer of rights and, unless the language or the circumstances, as in a transfer for security, indicate the contrary, the transfer is a delegation of duties by the transferor to the transferee. Acceptance by the transferee constitutes a promise by the transferee to perform those duties. The promise is enforceable by either the transferor or the other party to the lease contract.

　　(4) 取决于 (3)款和§ 9-407:

　　(a) 若转让造成违反租赁协议事件的发生，除非该当事人默认或者以其他方式同意，没有作出转让的租赁合同一方当事人享有§ 2a-501(2)规定的权利和救济;

　　(b) 若(a)段不适用，并且若作出转让(i) 是租赁协议禁止的转让，或(ii) 该转让实质性地损害了获得回报履行的前景，实质性地改变其义务，或实质地增加负担或分配其上的风险，租赁合同的另一方当事人，除非没有作出转让的当事人于任何时间同意该环绕，或另外地，然后，除非合同限制，(i) 在没有作出转让的当事人不能适当地防止的损害赔偿金范围内，转让人应承担没有作出转让的当事人因该转让所引起的损害赔偿金，及 (ii) 有权管辖的法院可以施予其他适当的救济，包括解除租赁合同 或对转让的禁令。

　　(5) " 租赁"的转让或"租赁先的所有权利"的转让，或，以类似的一般条款规定的转让，是权利的转让，除非其措辞或者当时情形，在为确保安全起见的转让中，表明相反的意思，该转让是让与人对受让人的义务的委托。 受让人的接受构成受让人履行那些义务的承诺。该承诺可由让与人或者租赁合同的其他当事人强制执行。

　　(6) Unless otherwise agreed by the lessor and the lessee, a delegation of performance does not relieve the transferor as against the other party of any duty to perform or of any liability for default.

　　(7) In a consumer lease, to prohibit the transfer of an interest of a party under the lease contract or to make a transfer an event of default, the language must be specific, by a writing, and conspicuous.

　　(6) 除非出租人与承租人另有约定，履行之委托不解除让与人对另一方当事人负有的履行履行义务或者任何违约责任。

　　(7) 在消费租赁里，禁止租赁合同下一方当事人权益的转让，或作出构成违约事件的转让，使用的语言必须特定、书面形式并且显著。

　　§ 2A-304. SUBSEQUENT LEASE OF GOODS BY LESSOR. 出租人转租货物.

　　(1) Subject to Section 2A-303, a subsequent lessee from a lessor of goods under an existing lease contract obtains, to the extent of the leasehold interest transferred, the leasehold interest in the goods that the lessor had or had power to transfer, and except as provided in subsection (2) and Section 2A-527(4), takes subject to the existing lease contract. A lessor with voidable title has power to transfer a good leasehold interest to a good faith subsequent lessee for value, but only to the extent set forth in the preceding sentence. If goods have been delivered under a transaction of purchase, the lessor has that power even though:

　　(a) the lessor's transferor was deceived as to the identity of the lessor;

　　(b) the delivery was in exchange for a check which is later dishonored;

　　(c) it was agreed that the transaction was to be a "cash sale"; or

　　(d) the delivery was procured through fraud punishable as larcenous under the criminal law.

　　(2) A subsequent lessee in the ordinary course of business from a lessor who is a merchant dealing in goods of that kind to whom the goods were entrusted by the existing lessee of that lessor before the interest of the subsequent lessee became enforceable against that lessor obtains, to the extent of the leasehold interest transferred, all of that lessor's and the existing lessee's rights to the goods, and takes free of the existing lease contract.

　　(3) A subsequent lessee from the lessor of goods that are subject to an existing lease contract and are covered by a certificate of title issued under a statute of this State or of another jurisdiction takes no greater rights than those provided both by this section and by the certificate of title statute.

　　(1) 取决于§ 2a-303，在一个现存的租赁合同下的货物的出租人的转承租人，在被转让的租赁权益的范围内，获得出租人已经转让或者有权转让的货物的租赁权益，并且除非(2)款和 § 2a-527(4)另有规定，服从于现存的租赁合同。享有可撤销权的出租人有权转让货物的租赁权益给善意转承租人，但仅限于前端所述范围内。如果货物已经根据买卖交易交付，出租人仍享有该权利，即使：

　　(a) 出租人的让与人在出租人的身份方面受欺诈;

　　(b) 该交付以其后被拒付的支票为交换;

　　(c) 该交易被约定为现金交易;或

　　(d) 通过根据刑法应作为盗窃罪处罚的欺诈行为获得交付。

　　(2) 在通常的商业过程中转承租人，自从事该种货物的商务交易的出租人，该出租人的现承租人委托货物给他在转承租人的权益对出租人可执行前，在被转让的租赁权益范围内，获得出租人和现承租人对货物的所有权益，并且不受现租赁合同的约束。

　　(3) 受现有的租赁合同约束、并且受根据本州法令或其他法域法令规定发行的所有权证书保护的货物的出租人的转承租人，其权利不优先于本条规定或所有权证书法令规定的权利。

　　§ 2A-305. SALE OR SUBLEASE OF GOODS BY LESSEE. 承租人出卖或转租货物.

　　(1) Subject to the provisions of Section 2A-303, a buyer or sublessee from the lessee of goods under an existing lease contract obtains, to the extent of the interest transferred, the leasehold interest in the goods that the lessee had or had power to transfer, and except as provided in subsection (2) and Section 2A-511(4), takes subject to the existing lease contract. A lessee with a voidable leasehold interest has power to transfer a good leasehold interest to a good faith buyer for value or a good faith sublessee for value, but only to the extent set forth in the preceding sentence. When goods have been delivered under a transaction of lease the lessee has that power even though:

　　(a) the lessor was deceived as to the identity of the lessee;

　　(b) the delivery was in exchange for a check which is later dishonored; or

　　(c) the delivery was procured through fraud punishable as larcenous under the criminal law.

　　(2) A buyer in the ordinary course of business or a sublessee in the ordinary course of business from a lessee who is a merchant dealing in goods of that kind to whom the goods were entrusted by the lessor obtains, to the extent of the interest transferred, all of the lessor's and lessee's rights to the goods, and takes free of the existing lease contract.

　　(3) A buyer or sublessee from the lessee of goods that are subject to an existing lease contract and are covered by a certificate of title issued under a statute of this State or of another jurisdiction takes no greater rights than those provided both by this section and by the certificate of title statute.

　　(1) 除§ 2a-303另有规定外，现有的租赁合同的货物承租人的买方或转承租人，在转让的权益范围内获得承租人享有的或者有权转让的租赁权益，并且除(2)款及 § 2a-511(4)规定外，受现有的租赁合同约束。可撤销的租赁权益的承租人有权转让货物租赁权益给善意购买人或者善意的转承租人，但仅限于前段所述范围内。当货物已经根据租赁交易交付，承租人享有该权利即使：

　　(a) 出租人就承租人的身份收到欺诈;

　　(b) 该交付是以其后被拒付的支票所购买;或

　　(c) 该交付是通过根据刑法构成盗窃罪的方式获得的。

　　(2) 在该货物是由出租人委托给他的情况下，从事该种货物交易的商人承租人，其在通常的商业过程中的买方，或通常的商业过程中的转承租人，在转让的权益范围内，获得出租人、承租人对货物的所有权利，并且不受现有的租赁合同约束。

　　(3) 货物之承租人的买方或转承租人，受现有的租赁合同约束，并且受根据本州法律或其他法域法律发行的所有权证书保护，取得的权利不优先于本条及所有权证书法令规定的权利。

　　§ 2A-306. PRIORITY OF CERTAIN LIENS ARISING BY OPERATION OF LAW.

　　法定留置权的优先性.

　　If a person in the ordinary course of his [or her] business furnishes services or materials with respect to goods subject to a lease contract, a lien upon those goods in the possession of that person given by statute or rule of law for those materials or services takes priority over any interest of the lessor or lessee under the lease contract or this Article unless the lien is created by statute and the statute provides otherwise or unless the lien is created by rule of law and the rule of law provides otherwise.

　　若在其通常的商务过程中提供服务或者受租赁合同约束的原料，为那些原料或服务而由法令或者法律规则给予该人占有那些货物上的留置权优先于出租人或承租人在租赁合同或本篇下的任何权益，除非该留置权由法令产生并且该法令另有规定，或者除非该留置权由法令规则产生并且该法令规则另有规定。

　　§ 2A-307. PRIORITY OF LIENS ARISING BY ATTACHMENT OR LEVY ON, SECURITY INTERESTS IN, AND OTHER CLAIMS TO GOODS.

　　查封、扣押所产生的留置权、担保物权的优先性，以及其他对货物的请求权,

　　(1) Except as otherwise provided in Section 2A-306, a creditor of a lessee takes subject to the lease contract.

　　(2) Except as otherwise provided in subsection (3) and in Sections 2A-306 and 2A-308, a creditor of a lessor takes subject to the lease contract unless the creditor holds a lien that attached to the goods before the lease contract became enforceable.

　　(3) Except as otherwise provided in Sections 9-317, 9-321, and 9-323, a lessee takes a leasehold interest subject to a security interest held by a creditor of the lessor.

　　§ 2A-308. SPECIAL RIGHTS OF CREDITORS. 债权人的特别权利

　　(1) A creditor of a lessor in possession of goods subject to a lease contract may treat the lease contract as void if as against the creditor retention of possession by the lessor is fraudulent under any statute or rule of law, but retention of possession in good faith and current course of trade by the lessor for a commercially reasonable time after the lease contract becomes enforceable is not fraudulent.

　　(2) Nothing in this Article impairs the rights of creditors of a lessor if the lease contract (a) becomes enforceable, not in current course of trade but in satisfaction of or as security for a pre-existing claim for money, security, or the like, and (b) is made under circumstances which under any statute or rule of law apart from this Article would constitute the transaction a fraudulent transfer or voidable preference.

　　(3) A creditor of a seller may treat a sale or an identification of goods to a contract for sale as void if as against the creditor retention of possession by the seller is fraudulent under any statute or rule of law, but retention of possession of the goods pursuant to a lease contract entered into by the seller as lessee and the buyer as lessor in connection with the sale or identification of the goods is not fraudulent if the buyer bought for value and in good faith.

　　(1) 占有租赁合同的货物的出租人的债权人可以视租赁合同为无效，若相对于债权人，出租人占有的保持根据任何法令或者法律规则属于骗取的，但是在租赁合同具有强制执行效力之后商业上合理的时间内，出租人善意占有的保留和现行的贸易过程，不具有欺诈性。

　　(2) 本篇不削弱出租人之债权人的权利，若租赁合同 (a) 成为可强制执行，不在现行的贸易过程中，而是作为对先前存在的对金钱、担保或者诸如此类的请求权的满足或者作为其担保，及 (b) 在如下情形下订立：根据任何除本篇之外的法令或者法律规则，将会使该交易成为一个欺诈性的转让或者可撤销的选择。

　　(3) 如果对于债权人，卖方对占有的保持根据任何法令或者法律规则是欺诈性的，卖方的债权人可以对待买卖合同的货物的检验或者买卖为无效，但是根据卖方作为承租人与买方作为出租人订立的租赁合同，若买方善意地有偿取得，货物占有的保持连同该买卖或者货物的检验不是欺骗性的。

　　§ 2A-309. LESSOR'S AND LESSEE'S RIGHTS WHEN GOODS BECOME FIXTURES.

　　货物成为不动产附合物时出租人及承租人的权利.

　　(1) In this section:

　　(a) goods are "fixtures" when they become so related to particular real estate that an interest in them arises under real estate law;

　　(b) a "fixture filing" is the filing, in the office where a mortgage on the real estate would be filed or recorded , of a financing statement covering goods that are or are to become fixtures and conforming to the requirements of Section 9-502(a) and (b);

　　(c) a lease is a "purchase money lease" unless the lessee has possession or use of the goods or the right to possession or use of the goods before the lease agreement is enforceable;

　　(d) a mortgage is a "construction mortgage" to the extent it secures an obligation incurred for the construction of an improvement on land including the acquisition cost of the land, if the recorded writing so indicates; and

　　(e) "encumbrance" includes real estate mortgages and other liens on real estate and all other rights in real estate that are not ownership interests.

　　(2) Under this Article a lease may be of goods that are fixtures or may continue in goods that become fixtures, but no lease exists under this Article of ordinary building materials incorporated into an improvement on land.

　　(3) This Article does not prevent creation of a lease of fixtures pursuant to real estate law.

　　(1) 本条中：

　　(a) 货物是不动产附合物，当其结合到特定的不动产因而其权益受不动产法律调整;

　　(b) 不动产附合物登记簿是登记或记录不动产上的抵押的部门的，包含是或将是不动产附合物的货物并且符合§ 9-502(a) 与 (b)款要求的融资声明的档案文件;

　　(c) 租赁 "买价租赁" ，除非在租赁协议具有强制执行效力前，承租人占有或使用货物或享有占有或使用货物的权利;

　　(d) 抵押在其担保的因在土地上改良而建筑所引起的债务范围内，是建筑物抵押，包括土地的置业费，若登记文件如此说明;并且

　　(e) 不动产负担(encumbrance)，包括不动产抵押及不动产上的其他留置权及所有除所有权外的其他不动产上的权利。

　　(2) 在本篇内，租赁可以是不动产附合物租赁，或可以继续存在于成为不动产附合物的货物上，但是在本篇中，组成土地改良的通常的建筑原料不得租赁。

　　(3) 本篇不禁止根据不动产法律创设不动产附合物租赁。

　　(4) The perfected interest of a lessor of fixtures has priority over a conflicting interest of an encumbrancer or owner of the real estate if:

　　(a) the lease is a purchase money lease, the conflicting interest of the encumbrancer or owner arises before the goods become fixtures, the interest of the lessor is perfected by a fixture filing before the goods become fixtures or within ten days thereafter, and the lessee has an interest of record in the real estate or is in possession of the real estate; or

　　(b) the interest of the lessor is perfected by a fixture filing before the interest of the encumbrancer or owner is of record, the lessor's interest has priority over any conflicting interest of a predecessor in title of the encumbrancer or owner, and the lessee has an interest of record in the real estate or is in possession of the real estate.

　　(5) The interest of a lessor of fixtures, whether or not perfected, has priority over the conflicting interest of an encumbrancer or owner of the real estate if:

　　(a) the fixtures are readily removable factory or office machines, readily removable equipment that is not primarily used or leased for use in the operation of the real estate, or readily removable replacements of domestic appliances that are goods subject to a consumer lease, and before the goods become fixtures the lease contract is enforceable; or

　　(b) the conflicting interest is a lien on the real estate obtained by legal or equitable proceedings after the lease contract is enforceable; or

　　(c) the encumbrancer or owner has consented in writing to the lease or has disclaimed an interest in the goods as fixtures; or

　　(d) the lessee has a right to remove the goods as against the encumbrancer or owner. If the lessee's right to remove terminates, the priority of the interest of the lessor continues for a reasonable time.

　　(4) 不动产附合物出租人的无瑕疵的权益优先于与其冲突的不动产负担权利人或者不动产所有权人的权益，若：

　　(a) 该租赁是买价租赁，冲突的不动产负担权利人或者不动产所有权人的权益产生于该货物成为不动产附合物之前，在该货物成为不动产附合物之前或在其后10天内通过不动产附合物登记完善出租人的权益，并且承租人在不动产上享有登记权益或者占有该不动产;或

　　(b) 在不动产负担权利人或者不动产所有权人的权益登记前，通过不动产附合物登记完善出租人权益，出租人的权益优先于任何与其冲突的不动产负担权利人或者所有权人的在先权益，并且承租人在不动产上享有登记权益或者占有该不动产。

　　(5) 不动产附合物出租人的权益，无论是否完善，优先于与其冲突的不动产负担权利人或者不动产所有权人的权益，若：

　　(a) 不动产附合物是易移动的工厂或者办公机器，不是主要用作、出租为用作不动产运行使用的易移动的设备，或易移动的、受消费租赁调整的家用器具的替代物，并且在货物成为不动产附合物前，租赁合同具有强制执行效力;或

　　(b) 冲突下的权益是在租赁合同具有强制执行效力，依法获得或者通过衡平程序取得的不动产上的留置权;或

　　(c) 不动产负担权利人或所有权人已经数码同意租赁，或已经放弃作为不动产附合物的货物上的权益;或 (d) 承租人有权对不动产负担权利人或所有权人移动货物。若承租人的移动权终止，出租人权益的优先性在合理期间继续存在。

　　(6) Notwithstanding subsection (4)(a) but otherwise subject to subsections (4) and (5), the interest of a lessor of fixtures, including the lessor's residual interest, is subordinate to the conflicting interest of an encumbrancer of the real estate under a construction mortgage recorded before the goods become fixtures if the goods become fixtures before the completion of the construction. To the extent given to refinance a construction mortgage, the conflicting interest of an encumbrancer of the real estate under a mortgage has this priority to the same extent as the encumbrancer of the real estate under the construction mortgage.

　　(7) In cases not within the preceding subsections, priority between the interest of a lessor of fixtures, including the lessor's residual interest, and the conflicting interest of an encumbrancer or owner of the real estate who is not the lessee is determined by the priority rules governing conflicting interests in real estate.

　　(8) If the interest of a lessor of fixtures, including the lessor's residual interest, has priority over all conflicting interests of all owners and encumbrancers of the real estate, the lessor or the lessee may (i) on default, expiration, termination, or cancellation of the lease agreement but subject to the lease agreement and this Article, or (ii) if necessary to enforce other rights and remedies of the lessor or lessee under this Article, remove the goods from the real estate, free and clear of all conflicting interests of all owners and encumbrancers of the real estate, but the lessor or lessee must reimburse any encumbrancer or owner of the real estate who is not the lessee and who has not otherwise agreed for the cost of repair of any physical injury, but not for any diminution in value of the real estate caused by the absence of the goods removed or by any necessity of replacing them. A person entitled to reimbursement may refuse permission to remove until the party seeking removal gives adequate security for the performance of this obligation.

　　(9) Even though the lease agreement does not create a security interest, the interest of a lessor of fixtures, including the lessor's residual interest, is perfected by filing a financing statement as a fixture filing for leased goods that are or are to become fixtures in accordance with the relevant provisions of the Article on Secured Transactions (Article 9).

　　(6) 除(4)款(a)项外，其他方面受(4) 、(5)款调整，不动产附合物出租人的权益，包括出租人的居住权，从属于在货物成为不动产附合物之前登记的建筑物抵押下的不动产负担权利人的冲突性权益，若在建筑完成之前货物成为不动产附合物。在为建筑物抵押融资的特定范围内，在抵押下的不动产负担权利人的冲突性权益与在建筑物抵押下的不动产负担权利人相同范围内享有优先权。

　　(7) 在前述各款以外情形，在不动产附合物出租人的权益，包括出租人的剩余权益，与不是承租人的不动产负担权利人或者不动产所有权人的冲突性权益之间的优先性，由调整不动产上的冲突性权益的优先性规则终止。

　　(8) 若不动产附合物出租人的权益，包括出租人的剩余权益，优先于所有不动产所有权人和不动产负担权利人的所有冲突性权益，出租人或承租人可以(i) 不履行、中止、终止、或取消租赁协议， 但以租赁协议及本篇为条件，或 (ii) 若必要，主张出租人或承租人在本篇里的其他权利和救济，从不动产上移除该货物，所有不动产所有权人和不动产负担权利人的所有冲突性权益没有义务或牵连，但是，出租人或承租人必须补偿不动产负担权利人或不动产所有权人，如果他们不是承租人，并且他们没有就物质损害之修理费用另外达成协议，但该补偿不包括由于没有货物移除或者替代它们的必需品所引起的不动产价值的任何减少。在寻求移除的当事人为该义务的履行提供充分的担保之前，享有补偿请求权的人可以拒绝同意移除。

　　(9) 即使租赁协议没有创设担保物权，不动产附合物出租人的权益，包括出租人的剩余权益，被完善通过融资说明登记作为是或将是不动产附合物的租赁标的物的不动产附合物登记，根据《担保交易篇》 (article 9)的相关规定，

　　§ 2A-310. LESSOR'S AND LESSEE'S RIGHTS WHEN GOODS BECOME ACCESSIONS.货物附合时出租人及承租人的权利

　　(1) Goods are "accessions" when they are installed in or affixed to other goods.

　　(2) The interest of a lessor or a lessee under a lease contract entered into before the goods became accessions is superior to all interests in the whole except as stated in subsection (4).

　　(3) The interest of a lessor or a lessee under a lease contract entered into at the time or after the goods became accessions is superior to all subsequently acquired interests in the whole except as stated in subsection (4) but is subordinate to interests in the whole existing at the time the lease contract was made unless the holders of such interests in the whole have in writing consented to the lease or disclaimed an interest in the goods as part of the whole.

　　(4) The interest of a lessor or a lessee under a lease contract described in subsection (2) or (3) is subordinate to the interest of

　　(a) a buyer in the ordinary course of business or a lessee in the ordinary course of business of any interest in the whole acquired after the goods became accessions; or

　　(b) a creditor with a security interest in the whole perfected before the lease contract was made to the extent that the creditor makes subsequent advances without knowledge of the lease contract.

　　(5) When under subsections (2) or (3) and (4) a lessor or a lessee of accessions holds an interest that is superior to all interests in the whole, the lessor or the lessee may (a) on default, expiration, termination, or cancellation of the lease contract by the other party but subject to the provisions of the lease contract and this Article, or (b) if necessary to enforce his [or her] other rights and remedies under this Article, remove the goods from the whole, free and clear of all interests in the whole, but he [or she] must reimburse any holder of an interest in the whole who is not the lessee and who has not otherwise agreed for the cost of repair of any physical injury but not for any diminution in value of the whole caused by the absence of the goods removed or by any necessity for replacing them. A person entitled to reimbursement may refuse permission to remove until the party seeking removal gives adequate security for the performance of this obligation.

　　(1) 货物成为添附物当其被装上或贴上其他货物时。

　　(2) 在货物成为添附物之前订立的租赁合同下，出租人或承租人的权益优先于整体的所有的权益，除(4)款规定外。

　　(3) 在货物成为添附物之时或之后订立的租赁合同下，出租人或承租人的权益优先于随后获得的整体的所有的权益，除(4)款规定外，但是在整体上从属于在租赁合同订立时存在的权益，除非这些整体权益的享有人书面同意出租，或者放弃作为整体之部分的货物上之权益。

　　(4) 在(2) 或(3)款规定的租赁合同下的出租人或承租人的权益从属于下列权益

　　(a) 在通常的商业过程中的买方或者在通常的商业过程中的承租人，在货物成为附合物之后获得的任何整体权益;或

　　(b) 在租赁合同订立前完善的整体物上享有担保物权的债权人，在该债权人在不知道租赁合同时作出随后的预付款范围内享有的权益。

　　(5) 当在 (2) 或(3) 及(4)款下，附合物的出租人 或承租人享有优先于整体物上所有的权益的权益时，出租人或承租人可以 (a) 不履行、中止、终止、或由另一方当事人取消租赁合同， 但除租赁合同及本篇另有规定外，或(b) 若必要，主张其在本篇下的其他权利和救济，从整体物上移除该货物，整体物上所有的权益没有义务或牵连，但其必须补偿在整体物上权益的任何享有人，如果他们不是承租人，并且他们没有就物质损害之修理费用另外达成协议，但该补偿不包括由于没有货物移除或者替代它们的必需品所引起的不动产价值的任何减少。在寻求移除的当事人为该义务的履行提供充分的担保之前，享有补偿请求权的人可以拒绝同意移除。

　　§ 2A-311. PRIORITY SUBJECT TO SUBORDINATION. 受顺序优先之放弃影响的优先权

　　Nothing in this Article prevents subordination by agreement by any person entitled to priority.

　　本篇不禁止享有优先权的任何人通过协议放弃其顺序优先性。