美国统一商法典翻译模板（中英文 第7-302至8-109款）

　　§ 7-302. Through Bills of Lading and Similar Documents of Title.

　　完全提单和类似的权利证书.

　　(a) The issuer of a through bill of lading or other document of title embodying an undertaking to be performed in part by a person acting as its agent or by a performing carrier is liable to any person entitled to recover on the document for any breach by the other person or the performing carrier of its obligation under the document. However, to the extent that the bill covers an undertaking to be performed overseas or in territory not contiguous to the continental United States or an undertaking including matters other than transportation, this liability for breach by the other person or the performing carrier may be varied by agreement of the parties.

　　(b) If goods covered by a through bill of lading or other document of title embodying an undertaking to be performed in part by a person other than the issuer are received by that person, the person is subject, with respect to its own performance while the goods are in its possession, to the obligation of the issuer. The person's obligation is discharged by delivery of the goods to another person pursuant to the document and does not include liability for breach by any other person or by the issuer.

　　(c) The issuer of a through bill of lading or other document of title described in subsection (a) is entitled to recover from the performing carrier, or other person in possession of the goods when the breach of the obligation under the document occurred:

　　(1) the amount it may be required to pay to any person entitled to recover on the document for the breach, as may be evidenced by any receipt, judgment, or transcript of judgment, and;

　　(2) the amount of any expense reasonably incurred by the issuer in defending any action commenced by any person entitled to recover on the document for the breach.

　　(a) 完全的提单或其他权利证书包含应由担当其代理人的人或执行承运人部分履行的承诺，该单据的发行人应向任何这样的人承担责任，此人有权在单据上就其他人或执 行承运人对其在该单据下的义务的任何违反获得补偿。但是，在该单据包含应在海外履行或在不邻近美国大陆的领域履行的承诺，或包括除运输之外的事项的承诺的 范围内，其他人或执行承运人违约的责任可以通过当事人的协议变更。

　　(b) 若包含除发行人之外的人部分履行的承诺的完全提单或其他权利证书所包含的货物由此人收到，当该货物是由其占有时，关于其自己的履行，此人受发行人的义务影响。此人的义务因依照该单据货物对其他人的交付而解除，并且，不包括任何其他人或发行人的违约责任。

　　(c) (a)款规定的完全的提单或其他权利证书的发行人有权从执行承运人、或占有该货物的其他人获得补偿，当在单据下的义务的违反发生时：

　　(1) 其可以被要求支付给有权在单据上因该违约获得补偿的任何人的金额，可以通过任何收据、判决、或判决的抄本证明，及;

　　(2) 合理地发生在发行人抗辩有权在单据上因该违约获得补偿的任何人提起的任何诉讼时的任何费用的金额。

　　§ 7-303. Diversion; Reconsignment; Change of Instructions. 转化; 再交付; 指示的变更.

　　(a) Unless the bill of lading otherwise provides, a carrier may deliver the goods to a person or destination other than that stated in the bill or may otherwise dispose of the goods, without liability for misdelivery, on instructions from:

　　(1) the holder of a negotiable bill;

　　(2) the consignor on a nonnegotiable bill even if the consignee has given contrary instructions;

　　(3) the consignee on a nonnegotiable bill in the absence of contrary instructions from the consignor, if the goods have arrived at the billed destination or if the consignee is in possession of the tangible bill or in control of the electronic bill; or

　　(4) the consignee on a nonnegotiable bill, if the consignee is entitled as against the consignor to dispose of the goods.

　　(b) Unless instructions described in subsection (a) are included in a negotiable bill of lading, a person to which the bill is duly negotiated may hold the bailee according to the original terms.

　　(a) 除非提单另有规定，承运人可以交付货物给一个人或除该单据规定外的目的地，或另行处置该货物，而不承担交付错误的责任，根据来自下述人的指示：

　　(1) 可流通的单据的持票人;

　　(2) 不流通的单据上的发货人，即使该收货人已经给予相反的指示;

　　(3) 不流通的单据上的、缺乏收货人的相反的指示的收货人，若该货物已经到达在列举的目的地，或若收货人占有该有形的单据或控制电子的电子的单据;或

　　(4) 不流通的单据上的收货人，若该收货人被授予与发货人比较的处置货物权。

　　(b) 除非(a)款规定的指示被订立于可流通的提单，单据适时地流通给的人可以根据原条款控制(hold)受托人。

　　§ 7-304. Tangible Bills of Lading in a Set. 成组的有形提单.

　　(a) Except as customary in international transportation, a tangible bill of lading may not be issued in a set of parts. The issuer is liable for damages caused by violation of this subsection.

　　(b) If a tangible bill of lading is lawfully issued in a set of parts, each of which contains an identification code and is expressed to be valid only if the goods have not been delivered against any other part, the whole of the parts constitutes one bill.

　　(c) If a tangible negotiable bill of lading is lawfully issued in a set of parts and different parts are negotiated to different persons, the title of the holder to which the first due negotiation is made prevails as to both the document of title and the goods even if any later holder may have received the goods from the carrier in good faith and discharged the carrier's obligation by surrendering its part.

　　(d) A person that negotiates or transfers a single part of a tangible bill of lading issued in a set is liable to holders of that part as if it were the whole set.

　　(e) The bailee is obliged to deliver in accordance with Part 4 against the first presented part of a tangible bill of lading lawfully issued in a set. Delivery in this manner discharges the bailee's obligation on the whole bill.

　　(a) 除非作为国际运输的惯例，有形的提单不得成组发行。发行人应由于本款之违反引起的损害负责。

　　(b) 若有形的提单合法地成组发行，每个组成部分包含标识码并表示仅当该货物已经被交付对于任何其他部分时有效，所有部分构成一张单据。

　　(c) 若有形的可流通的提单合法地成组发行，并且不同的部分流通给不同的人，关于权利证书和货物，最初的正当流通被向其作出的持票人的权利具有优先效力 (prevails)，即使任何后来的持票人可能已经善意地从承运人处收到该货物，并解除承运人的义务通过交出其部分。

　　(d) 流通或转让成组发行的有形提单的单一部分的人应向该部分的持票人承担相当于所有组成部分的责任。

　　(e) 对合法地成组发行的有形的提单的最初发行之部分，受托人应当依照第4章交付。以此方式的交付解除受托人在整张单据上的义务。

　　§ 7-305. Destination Bills. 目的地单据.

　　(a) Instead of issuing a bill of lading to the consignor at the place of shipment, a carrier, at the request of the consignor, may procure the bill to be issued at destination or at any other place designated in the request.

　　(b) Upon request of any person entitled as against a carrier to control the goods while in transit and on surrender of possession or control of any outstanding bill of lading or other receipt covering the goods, the issuer, subject to Section 7-105, may procure a substitute bill to be issued at any place designated in the request.

　　(a) 代替签发提单发货人在运输地，承运人依照发货人的要求，可以获得在目的地签发或按照该要求指定的任何其他地点签发的单据。

　　(b) 根据任何人的要求，此人相对于承运人有权控制在运输中的货物，有权获取任何显著的提单或包含该货物的其他单据的占有或控制，受§7-105的影响，发行人可以获得在该请求中指定的任何地点发行的替代单据。

　　§ 7-306. Altered Bills of Lading. 被涂改的提单.

　　An unauthorized alteration or filling in of a blank in a bill of lading leaves the bill enforceable according to its original tenor.

　　未经授权的涂改或在提单空白栏的填写使得该单据根据其原要旨具有强制执行效力。

　　§ 7-307. Lien of Carrier. 承运人的留置权.

　　(a) A carrier has a lien on the goods covered by a bill of lading or on the proceeds thereof in its possession for charges after the date of the carrier's receipt of the goods for storage or transportation, including demurrage and terminal charges, and for expenses necessary for preservation of the goods incident to their transportation or reasonably incurred in their sale pursuant to law. However, against a purchaser for value of a negotiable bill of lading, a carrier's lien is limited to charges stated in the bill or the applicable tariffs or, if no charges are stated, a reasonable charge.

　　(b) A lien for charges and expenses under subsection (a) on goods that the carrier was required by law to receive for transportation is effective against the consignor or any person entitled to the goods unless the carrier had notice that the consignor lacked authority to subject the goods to those charges and expenses. Any other lien under subsection (a) is effective against the consignor and any person that permitted the bailor to have control or possession of the goods unless the carrier had notice that the bailor lacked authority.

　　(c) A carrier loses its lien on any goods that it voluntarily delivers or unjustifiably refuses to deliver.

　　(a) 在其占有期间，承运人在提单包含的货物上或在收益上享有留置权，对于承运人为储存或运输收取货物之日之后的费用，包括逾期费和装卸费、和保存货物到运输的 必要开支或依照法律在销售中引起的合理开支。但是，对于可流通的提单的有偿购买人，承运人的留置权被限于该单据规定的费用，或可适用的关税，或者，若没有 费用被规定，合理的费用。

　　(b) 对于在(a)款下的费用和开支，承运人被要求依法收运的货物上的留置权对于发货人或对货物享有权利的任何其他人，除非承运人得到通知发货人缺乏使该货物受 制于那些费用和开支的授权。在(a)款下的任何其他留置权对发货人(consignor)和允许寄托人控制或占有该货物的任何人有效，除非承运人得到寄托 人缺乏授权的通知。

　　(c) 承运人失去其在其自动交付或无正当理由拒绝交付的任何货物上的留置权。

　　§ 7-308. Enforcement of Carrier's Lien. 承运人的留置权之执行.

　　(a) A carrier's lien on goods may be enforced by public or private sale of the goods, in bulk or in packages, at any time or place and on any terms that are commercially reasonable, after notifying all persons known to claim an interest in the goods. The notification must include a statement of the amount due, the nature of the proposed sale, and the time and place of any public sale. The fact that a better price could have been obtained by a sale at a different time or in a different method from that selected by the carrier is not of itself sufficient to establish that the sale was not made in a commercially reasonable manner. The carrier has sold goods in a commercially reasonable manner if the carrier sells the goods in the usual manner in any recognized market therefor, sells at the price current in that market at the time of the sale, or has otherwise sold in conformity with commercially reasonable practices among dealers in the type of goods sold. A sale of more goods than apparently necessary to be offered to ensure satisfaction of the obligation is not commercially reasonable, except in cases covered by the preceding sentence.

　　(a) 承运人在货物上的留置权可以被执行通过拍卖或私下出卖该货物，散装或包装，在任何时间或地点，及商业上合理的任何条款，在通知已知的主张该货物上的权益的 所有的人之后。该通知必须包括到期金额的陈述、被提议的买卖的性质、及任何拍卖的时间和地点。通过承运人选择的在不同时间或以不同的方法的买卖，一个更好 的价格可能已经被获得，这样的事实本身不足以证明该买卖不被以商业上合理的方式作出。若承运人以通常的方式在任何为此被承认的市场，在该市场以出售时的市 价出售这些货物，或已经另外地以符合在被出售的类型的货物的经销商之间的商业上合理的惯例出售，则承运人已经以商业上合理的方式出售货物。超过外观必要提 供的货物以确保义务之清偿的销售不为商业上合理，除前句包含的情形外。

　　(b) Before any sale pursuant to this section, any person claiming a right in the goods may pay the amount necessary to satisfy the lien and the reasonable expenses incurred in complying with this section. In that event, the goods may not be sold but must be retained by the carrier, subject to the terms of the bill of lading and this article.

　　(c) A carrier may buy at any public sale pursuant to this section.

　　(d) A purchaser in good faith of goods sold to enforce a carrier's lien takes the goods free of any rights of persons against which the lien was valid, despite the carrier's noncompliance with this section.

　　(e) A carrier may satisfy its lien from the proceeds of any sale pursuant to this section but shall hold the balance, if any, for delivery on demand to any person to which the carrier would have been bound to deliver the goods.

　　(f) The rights provided by this section are in addition to all other rights allowed by law to a creditor against a debtor.

　　(g) A carrier's lien may be enforced pursuant to either subsection (a) or the procedure set forth in Section 7-210(b).

　　(h) A carrier is liable for damages caused by failure to comply with the requirements for sale under this section and, in case of willful violation, is liable for conversion.

　　(b) 在依照本条的任何买卖前，主张货物上的权利的任何人可以支付必要的金额清偿留置权和依照本条发生的合理的费用。在该情形，该货物可以不出售，但是必须由受提单的条款和本篇影响的承运人保留。

　　(c) 承运人可以在依照本条举行的拍卖中购买。

　　(d) 为执行承运人的留置权而出售的货物的善意购买人不受留置权对其有效的人的任何权利的影响， 即使承运人不遵守本条。

　　(e) 承运人依照本条举行的任何买卖的收益获得对其留置权的清偿，但是应当持有其余额，若有的话，以在承运人本来应向其交付货物的任何人的要求支付时支付。

　　(f) 本条规定的权利是除法律允许的债权人对债务人的所有其他权利之外的权利。

　　(g) 承运人的留置权可以依照(a)款或§7-210(b)提出的程序执行。

　　(h) 承运人未能遵守本条下的买卖的要求的，应对由此引起的损害承担责任，在故意的情形，应负侵害财产的侵权责任(conversion)。

　　§ 7-309. Duty of Care; Contractual Limitation of Carrier's Liability.

　　注意义务; 承运人责任的合同限制.

　　(a) A carrier that issues a bill of lading, whether negotiable or nonnegotiable, shall exercise the degree of care in relation to the goods which a reasonably careful person would exercise under similar circumstances. This subsection does not affect any statute, regulation, or rule of law that imposes liability upon a common carrier for damages not caused by its negligence.

　　(b) Damages may be limited by a term in the bill of lading or in a transportation agreement that the carrier's liability may not exceed a value stated in the bill or transportation agreement if the carrier's rates are dependent upon value and the consignor is afforded an opportunity to declare a higher value and the consignor is advised of the opportunity. However, such a limitation is not effective with respect to the carrier's liability for conversion to its own use.

　　(c) Reasonable provisions as to the time and manner of presenting claims and commencing actions based on the shipment may be included in a bill of lading or a transportation agreement.

　　(a) 签发提单的承运人，无论是可流通的还是不可流通的提单，应当对该货物尽在类似情形下一个合理注意的人将会尽的注意义务程度。本款不影响任何法令、规则、或法律规则。对共同承运人施加因其疏忽引起的损害承担责任。

　　(b) 通过提单或运输协议中的条款可以限制损害赔偿金，承运人的责任不得超过该单据或运输协议中规定的价值，若承运人的价格(rates)依赖于价值，并且，发 货人被提供一个机会去宣称一个更高的价值并且该发货人被建议该机会。但是，这样的限制对承运人因转化到其自己的使用的责任无效。

　　(c)关于提示主张和提起基于运输的诉讼的时间和方式的合理的规定可以订立于提单或运输协议。

　　PART 4. WAREHOUSE RECEIPTS AND BILLS OF LADING: GENERAL OBLIGATIONS [Table of Contents] 仓单和提单: 一般义务

　　§ 7-401. Irregularities in Issue of Receipt or Bill or Conduct of Issuer.

　　收据或票据的发行或发行人的行为的违规.

　　The obligations imposed by this article on an issuer apply to a document of title even if:

　　本篇对发行人施加的义务适用于权利证书，即使：

　　(1) the document does not comply with the requirements of this article or of any other statute, rule, or regulation regarding its issue, form, or content;

　　(2) the issuer violated laws regulating the conduct of its business;

　　(3) the goods covered by the document were owned by the bailee when the document was issued; or

　　(4) the person issuing the document is not a warehouse but the document purports to be a warehouse receipt.

　　(1) 该单据不符合本篇或任何其他法令、规则、或关于其发行、形式、或内容的规章的要求;

　　(2) 发行人违反调整其商务行为的法律;

　　(3) 当单据发行时，该单据包含的货物由受托人所有;或

　　(4) 发行该单据的人不是仓储人，但是该单据声称为仓单。

　　§ 7-402. Duplicate Document of Title; Overissue. 复制件权利证书; 滥发.

　　A duplicate or any other document of title purporting to cover goods already represented by an outstanding document of the same issuer does not confer any right in the goods, except as provided in the case of tangible bills of lading in a set of parts, overissue of documents for fungible goods, substitutes for lost, stolen, or destroyed documents, or substitute documents issued pursuant to Section 7-105. The issuer is liable for damages caused by its overissue or failure to identify a duplicate document by a conspicuous notation.

　　复制件或声称包含货物的已经由同一发行人的显著的单据提示的任何其他权利证书不授予在该货物上的任何权利，除非下列情形另有规定：成套的有形提单，种类物单据、遗失、被盗、或毁损的单据的代替品的滥发，或依照§7-105发行的替代性单据。 发行人应对其滥发或未能通过显著的符号确定一份复制件单据而导致的损害承担责任。

　　§ 7-403. Obligation of Warehouse or Carrier to Deliver; Excuse.

　　仓储人或承运人的交付义务; 免责事由.

　　(a) A bailee shall deliver the goods to a person entitled under a document of title if the person complies with subsections (b) and (c), unless and to the extent that the bailee establishes any of the following:

　　(1) delivery of the goods to a person whose receipt was rightful as against the claimant;

　　(2) damage to or delay, loss, or destruction of the goods for which the bailee is not liable;

　　(3) previous sale or other disposition of the goods in lawful enforcement of a lien or on a warehouse's lawful termination of storage;

　　(4) the exercise by a seller of its right to stop delivery pursuant to Section 2-705 or by a lessor of its right to stop delivery pursuant to Section 2A-526;

　　(5) a diversion, reconsignment, or other disposition pursuant to Section 7-303;

　　(6) release, satisfaction, or any other fact affording a personal defense against the claimant; or

　　(7) any other lawful excuse.

　　(a) 受托人应当交付货物给在权利证书下享有权利的人，若此人依照(b)和(c)款行事，除非并仅限于受托人证明下列任何情形的范围：

　　(1) 货物给对于权利人为合法的收取的人的交付;

　　(2) 受托人不承担责任的货物的损害或迟延、遗失、或毁损;

　　(3) 以前的买卖或在留置权的合法执行中的或仓储人合法终止储存时的对货物的其他的处置;

　　(4) 出卖人依照§2-705停止交付的权利的行使或出租人依照§2a-526停止交付的权利的行使;

　　(5) 依照§7-303的转换(diversion)、再交付(再交付)、或其他处置;

　　(6) 豁免(release)、清偿、或提供对权利人的人的抗辩的任何其他事实;或

　　(7) 任何其他的合法事由。

　　(b) A person claiming goods covered by a document of title shall satisfy the bailee's lien if the bailee so requests or the bailee is prohibited by law from delivering the goods until the charges are paid.

　　(c) Unless a person claiming the goods is one against which the document of title does not confer a right under Section 7-503(a):

　　(1) the person claiming under a document shall surrender possession or control of any outstanding negotiable document covering the goods for cancellation or indication of partial deliveries; and

　　(2) the bailee shall cancel the document or conspicuously indicate in the document the partial delivery or be liable to any person to which the document is duly negotiated.

　　(b) 主张权利证书包含的货物的人应当清偿受托人的留置权，若受托人如此要求，或在该费用被支付之前，受托人被法律禁止交付该货物。

　　(c) 除非权利证书未授予主张货物的人§7-503(a)下的权利：

　　(1) 对于取消或部分交付的指示，提出单据下的主张的人应当交出任何显著可流通的包含该货物的单据的占有或控制;及

　　(2) 受托人应当取消该单据或在单据中醒目地指出部分交付，否则应当对该单据被适时流通给到的任何人承担责任。

　　§ 7-404. No Liability for Good Faith Delivery Pursuant to Document of Title.

　　依照权利证书善意交付无责任.

　　A bailee that in good faith has received goods and delivered or otherwise disposed of the goods according to the terms of a document of title or pursuant to this article is not liable for the goods even if:

　　(1) the person from which the bailee received the goods did not have authority to procure the document or to dispose of the goods; or

　　(2) the person to which the bailee delivered the goods did not have authority to receive the goods.

　　受托人善意地已经收到货物并交付或依照权利证书的条款或依照本篇其他方式处置货物的，不为货物承担责任，即使：

　　(1) 受托人从其处收到货物的人未得到授权获得单据或处置货物;或

　　(2) 获得受托人交付货物的人未得到授权收取货物。

　　PART 5. WAREHOUSE RECEIPTS AND BILLS OF LADING: NEGOTIATION AND TRANSFER [Table of Contents] 仓单和提单: 流通和转让

　　§ 7-501. Form of Negotiation and Requirements of Due Negotiation.

　　流通的形式和预期的流通的要求.

　　(a) The following rules apply to a negotiable tangible document of title:

　　(1) If the document's original terms run to the order of a named person, the document is negotiated by the named person's indorsement and delivery. After the named person's indorsement in blank or to bearer, any person may negotiate the document by delivery alone.

　　(2) If the document's original terms run to bearer, it is negotiated by delivery alone.

　　(3) If the document's original terms run to the order of a named person and it is delivered to the named person, the effect is the same as if the document had been negotiated.

　　(4) Negotiation of the document after it has been indorsed to a named person requires indorsement by the named person as well as delivery.

　　(5) A document is duly negotiated if it is negotiated in the manner stated in this subsection to a holder that purchases it in good faith, without notice of any defense against or claim to it on the part of any person, and for value, unless it is established that the negotiation is not in the regular course of business or financing or involves receiving the document in settlement or payment of a monetary obligation.

　　(a) 下列规则适用于可流通的有形的权利证书：

　　(1) 若该单据的原条款指向(run to)指定的人的指令，该单据通过指定的人的背书和交付而流通。在指定的人的空白背书或给持票人(bearer)后，任何人可以仅通过交付让渡该单据。

　　(2) 若该单据的原条款指向持票人，其仅因交付而流通。

　　(3) 若该单据的原条款指向指定的人的指令，并且其被交付给该指定的人，效力与该单据已经被流通的效力相同。

　　(4) 在其已经被背书给指定的人之后的单据的流通要求指定的人背书并交付。

　　(5) 单据被适时地流通，若其以本款规定的方式流通给善意购买单据的持票人，而该持票人有偿获得该单据，并且没有得到关于对其的任何抗辩或对其在任何人的部分上的主张的通知，除非其证明该流通不在正常的商业或融资过程中，或包含在结算或金钱义务的支付中收到该单据。

　　(b) The following rules apply to a negotiable electronic document of title:

　　(1) If the document's original terms run to the order of a named person or to bearer, the document is negotiated by delivery of the document to another person. Indorsement by the named person is not required to negotiate the document.

　　(2) If the document's original terms run to the order of a named person and the named person has control of the document, the effect is the same as if the document had been negotiated.

　　(3) A document is duly negotiated if it is negotiated in the manner stated in this subsection to a holder that purchases it in good faith, without notice of any defense against or claim to it on the part of any person, and for value, unless it is established that the negotiation is not in the regular course of business or financing or involves taking delivery of the document in settlement or payment of a monetary obligation.

　　(c) Indorsement of a nonnegotiable document of title neither makes it negotiable nor adds to the transferee's rights.

　　(d) The naming in a negotiable bill of lading of a person to be notified of the arrival of the goods does not limit the negotiability of the bill or constitute notice to a purchaser of the bill of any interest of that person in the goods.

　　(b) 下列规则适用于可流通的电子的权利证书：

　　(1) 若该单据的原条款指向指定的人的指令或持票人，该单据通过交付给其他人而流通。流通该单据无需指定的人的背书。

　　(2) 若该单据的原条款指向指定的人的指令，并且指定的人得到单据的控制，效力与该单据已经被流通的效力相同。

　　(3) 单据被适时地流通，若其以本款规定的方式流通给善意购买单据的持票人，而该持票人有偿获得该单据，并且没有得到关于对其的任何抗辩或对其在任何人的部分上的主张的通知，除非其证明该流通不在正常的商业或融资过程中，或包含在结算或金钱义务的支付中取得该单据。

　　(c) 不可流通的权利证书的背书既不使得其可流通，也不增加受让人的权利。

　　(d) 在被通过该货物的到达的人的可流通的提单中的命名不限制该单据的流通性，或构成对该单据的购买人通知关于此人在该货物上的任何权益。

　　§ 7-502. Rights Acquired by Due Negotiation. 预期流通获得的权利.

　　(a) Subject to Sections 7-205 and 7-503, a holder to which a negotiable document of title has been duly negotiated acquires thereby:

　　(1) title to the document;

　　(2) title to the goods;

　　(3) all rights accruing under the law of agency or estoppel, including rights to goods delivered to the bailee after the document was issued; and

　　(4) the direct obligation of the issuer to hold or deliver the goods according to the terms of the document free of any defense or claim by the issuer except those arising under the terms of the document or under this article. In the case of a delivery order, the bailee's obligation accrues only upon the bailee's acceptance of the delivery order and the obligation acquired by the holder is that the issuer and any indorser will procure the acceptance of the bailee.

　　(b) Subject to Section 7-503, title and rights acquired by due negotiation are not defeated by any stoppage of the goods represented by the document of title or by surrender of the goods by the bailee and are not impaired even if:

　　(1) the due negotiation or any prior due negotiation constituted a breach of duty;

　　(2) any person has been deprived of possession of a negotiable tangible document or control of a negotiable electronic document by misrepresentation, fraud, accident, mistake, duress, loss, theft, or conversion; or

　　(3) a previous sale or other transfer of the goods or document has been made to a third person.

　　(a) 受7-205和7-503的影响，可流通的权利证书适时流通给其的持票人因此获得：

　　(1) 对该单据的权利;

　　(2) 对该货物的权利;

　　(3) 根据代理法或禁止反言法获得的所有权利，包括在该单据被发行后被交付给受托人的货物的权利;及

　　(4) 发行人的直接义务，即依照该单据的条款持有或交付该货物，摆脱发行人的任何抗辩或权利，除该单据的条款或根据本篇产生的那些外。在交货单的情形，受托人的义务产生于仅仅在受托人接受交货单时，并且，持票人获得的义务是发行人和任何背书人将获得受托人的接受。

　　(b) 受§7-503影响，通过到期的流通获得的所有权(title)和权利不因权利证书描述的货物的任何中断或受托人交出货物而废除，并且，不受削弱，即使：

　　(1) 该到期的流通或任何提前到期的流通构成义务之违反;

　　(2) 由于虚伪的陈述(misrepresentation)、欺诈、意外事件(accident)、过失、胁迫、遗失、盗窃、或侵权行为(conversion)，任何人已经被剥夺可流通的有形单据的占有或可流通的电子单据的控制;或

　　(3) 在前的出售或货物或单据的其他转让已经被作出给第三人。

　　§ 7-503. Document of Title to Goods Defeated in Certain Cases.

　　一定情形废除对货物的权利证书

　　(a) A document of title confers no right in goods against a person that before issuance of the document had a legal interest or a perfected security interest in the goods and that did not:

　　(1) deliver or entrust the goods or any document covering the goods to the bailor or the bailor's nominee with actual or apparent authority to ship, store, or sell; with power to obtain delivery under Section 7-403; or with power of disposition under Section 2-403, 2A-304(2), 2A-305(2), or 9-320 or other statute or rule of law; or

　　(2) acquiesce in the procurement by the bailor or its nominee of any document.

　　(b) Title to goods based upon an unaccepted delivery order is subject to the rights of any person to which a negotiable warehouse receipt or bill of lading covering the goods has been duly negotiated. That title may be defeated under Section 7-504 to the same extent as the rights of the issuer or a transferee from the issuer.

　　(c) Title to goods based upon a bill of lading issued to a freight forwarder is subject to the rights of any person to which a bill issued by the freight forwarder is duly negotiated. However, delivery by the carrier in accordance with Part 4 pursuant to its own bill of lading discharges the carrier's obligation to deliver.

　　(a) 权利证书不对这样的人授予货物上的权利，此人在该单据发行前已经在该货物上享有合法权益或完善的担保权益，并且，此人未：

　　(1) 交付或委托该货物或包含该货物的任何单据给寄托人或寄托人的指定的人(nominee)以实际的或外观的授权去运输、储存或出售;以获得在§7-403下 的交付的权利;或以根据§2-403、2a-304(2)、2a-305(2)、或9-320或其他法令或法律规则的处置权;或

　　(2) 默示同意寄托人或其任何单据的指定的人的获得。

　　(b) 以未被接受的交货单为基础的对货物的权利受包含该货物的可流通的仓单或提单已经被适时流通给其的任何人的权利之影响。根据§7-504，在发行人或受让人得自发行人的权利相同的范围内，该所有权可以被废除。

　　(c) 以发行给运费由提货方支付的承运人的提单为基础的对货物的所有权受发行给运费由提货方支付的承运人的提单被适时地流通给的任何人的权利之影响. 但是，与第4篇相一致的承运人依照其自己的提单作出的交付解除承运人的交付义务。

　　§ 7-504. Rights Acquired in the Absence of Due Negotiation; Effect of Diversion; Stoppage of Delivery.

　　缺乏到期的流通时获得的权利; 转化的效力; 交付的中止.

　　(a) A transferee of a document of title, whether negotiable or nonnegotiable, to which the document has been delivered but not duly negotiated, acquires the title and rights that its transferor had or had actual authority to convey.

　　(b) In the case of a nonnegotiable document of title, until but not after the bailee receives notice of the transfer, the rights of the transferee may be defeated:

　　(1) by those creditors of the transferor that could treat the transfer as void under Section 2-402 or 2A-308;

　　(2) by a buyer from the transferor in ordinary course of business if the bailee has delivered the goods to the buyer or received notification of the buyer's rights;

　　(3) by a lessee from the transferor in ordinary course of business if the bailee has delivered the goods to the lessee or received notification of the lessee's rights; or

　　(4) as against the bailee, by good faith dealings of the bailee with the transferor.

　　(a) 权利证书的受让人，无论是是可流通的还是不可流通的，对该受让人，该单据已经被交付但非适时地流通，获得其转让人有或有有实际的授权去转让的资格(title)和权利。

　　(b) 在不流通的权利证书情形，直到但不是在受托人收到该转让的通知之后，受让人的权利可以被废除：

　　(1) 转让人的可以根据§2-402或2a-308视该转让为无效的那些债权人废除;

　　(2) 由在通常的商务过程中的转让人废除，若受托人已经交付该货物给买方或已经收到该买方的权利的通知;

　　(3) 由承租人从在通常的商务过程中的转让人废除，若该受托人已经交付该货物给承租人或已经收到承租人的权利的通知;或

　　(4) 对于受托人，通过受托人与转让人的善意的交易。

　　(c) A diversion or other change of shipping instructions by the consignor in a nonnegotiable bill of lading which causes the bailee not to deliver the goods to the consignee defeats the consignee's title to the goods if the goods have been delivered to a buyer in ordinary course of business or a lessee in ordinary course of business and in any event defeats the consignee's rights against the bailee.

　　(d) Delivery of the goods pursuant to a nonnegotiable document of title may be stopped by a seller under Section 2-705 or a lessor under Section 2A-526, subject to the requirements of due notification in those sections. A bailee honoring the seller's or lessor's instructions is entitled to be indemnified by the seller or lessor against any resulting loss or expense.

　　(c) 发货人在不流通的提单上的运输指示的转变或其他变更，引起受托人不交付货物给收货人，则废除收货人对该货物的所有权，若该货物已经被交付给在通常的商务过程中的买方或在通常的商务过程中的承租人，并且，在任何情形，废除收货人对受托人的权利。

　　(d) 货物依照不可流通的权利证书的交付可以被在§2-705下的卖方停止，或在§2a-526下的出租人停止，受在那些条中的应付的通知的要求影响。兑付出卖人或出租人的指示的受托人有权就任何作为结果发生的损失或费用得到出卖人或出租人的赔偿。

　　§ 7-505. Indorser Not a Guarantor for Other Parties. 非为其他当事人的保证人的背书人.

　　The indorsement of a tangible document of title issued by a bailee does not make the indorser liable for any default by the bailee or previous indorsers.

　　受托人签发的有形的权利证书的背书不使得该背书人对受托人或以前的背书人的任何违约负责。

　　§ 7-506. Delivery Without Indorsement: Right to Compel Indorsement.

　　无背书的交付: 强制背书权.

　　The transferee of a negotiable tangible document of title has a specifically enforceable right to have its transferor supply any necessary indorsement, but the transfer becomes a negotiation only as of the time the indorsement is supplied.

　　可流通的有形的权利证书的受让人享有特定的可强制执行的权利去使其转让人提供任何必要的背书，但是仅到该背书被提供时该转让成为流通。

　　§ 7-507. Warranties on Negotiation or Transfer of Document of Title.

　　在权利证书的流通或转让上的保证.

　　If a person negotiates or delivers a document of title for value, otherwise than as a mere intermediary under Section 7-508, unless otherwise agreed, the transferor warrants to its immediate purchaser only in addition to any warranty made in selling or leasing the goods that:

　　(1) the document is genuine;

　　(2) the transferor does not have knowledge of any fact that would impair the document's validity or worth; and

　　(3) the negotiation or delivery is rightful and fully effective with respect to the title to the document and the goods it represents.

　　若一个人有偿地流通或交付权利证书，除仅仅作为§7-508下的媒介之外，除非另有协议，转让人向其直接买方担保仅仅除在出售或出租该货物时作出的任何保证之外：

　　(1) 该单据是真实的;

　　(2) 转让人不知道任何事实，将损害该单据的有效性或价值;及

　　(3) 该流通或交付为公正并充分有效关于对该单据的所有权和其表述的货物。

　　§ 7-508. Warranties of Collecting Bank as to Documents of Title.

　　收款行关于权利证书的保证.

　　A collecting bank or other intermediary known to be entrusted with documents of title on behalf of another or with collection of a draft or other claim against delivery of documents warrants by the delivery of the documents only its own good faith and authority even if the collecting bank or other intermediary has purchased or made advances against the claim or draft to be collected.

　　收款行或其他中介，已知被委托以代表其他人的权利证书、或汇票的收款、或对单据的交付的其他主张，通过单据的交付仅仅保证其自己的善意和授权，即使该收款行或其他中介已经对该主张或被收款的汇票购买或作出预付款。

　　§ 7-509. Adequate Compliance With Commercial Contract. 充分的符合商业合同.

　　Whether a document of title is adequate to fulfill the obligations of a contract for sale, a contract for lease, or the conditions of a letter of credit is determined by Article 2, 2A, or 5.

　　权利证书是否充分符合买卖合同、租赁合同的义务、或信用证的条件，按照第2、2a、或5篇。

　　PART 6. WAREHOUSE RECEIPTS AND BILLS OF LADING: MISCELLANEOUS PROVISIONS [Table of Contents] 仓单和提单: 杂项规定

　　§ 7-601. Lost, Stolen, or Destroyed Documents of Title.

　　遗失、被盗、或毁损的权利证书.

　　(a) If a document of title is lost, stolen, or destroyed, a court may order delivery of the goods or issuance of a substitute document and the bailee may without liability to any person comply with the order. If the document was negotiable, a court may not order delivery of the goods or issuance of a substitute document without the claimant's posting security unless it finds that any person that may suffer loss as a result of nonsurrender of possession or control of the document is adequately protected against the loss. If the document was nonnegotiable, the court may require security. The court may also order payment of the bailee's reasonable costs and attorney's fees in any action under this subsection.

　　(b) A bailee that without court order delivers goods to a person claiming under a missing negotiable document of title is liable to any person injured thereby. If the delivery is not in good faith, the bailee is liable for conversion. Delivery in good faith is not conversion if the claimant posts security with the bailee in an amount at least double the value of the goods at the time of posting to indemnify any person injured by the delivery which files a notice of claim within one year after the delivery.

　　(a) 若权利证书遗失、被盗、或毁损，法院可以命令交付货物或发行替代单据，并且受托人可 以遵从该命令而不对任何人负责任。若该单据为可流通，法院不得命令交付货物或发行替代单据没有原告缴纳的保证金(posting security)，除非其查明因不交出单据的占有或控制可能遭受损失的任何人被充分地防护该损失。若该单据为不可流通，法院可以要求保证金。根据本款， 法院也可以命令支付受托人的合理的花费和在任何诉讼中的律师费。

　　(b) 受托人没 有法院的命令交付给主张根据遗失的可流通的权利证书的货物的人，应对因此受伤害的任何人担责。若交付非善意，受托人应对转换担责。善意的交付不是转化 (conversion)，若原告以受托人提供保证，在提供时金额至少为货物价值的两倍，以赔偿该交付损害的、在交付后一年内提起一项权利通知的任何人。

　　§ 7-602. Attachment of Goods Covered by a Negotiable Document.

　　可流通的单据包含的货物的扣押.

　　Unless a document of title was originally issued upon delivery of the goods by a person that did not have power to dispose of them, a lien does not attach by virtue of any judicial process to goods in the possession of a bailee for which a negotiable document of title is outstanding unless possession or control of the document is first surrendered to the bailee or the document's negotiation is enjoined. The bailee may not be compelled to deliver the goods pursuant to process until possession or control of the document is surrendered to the bailee or to the court. A purchaser of the document for value without notice of the process or injunction takes free of the lien imposed by judicial process.

　　除非根据无权处置货物的人交付货物最初发行权利证书，留置权不因任何司法程序放在受托人占 有的货物上，对于其，可流通的权利证书为显著，除非该单据的占有或控制首先被交给受托人或该单据的流通被禁止。在该单据的占有或控制被交给受托人或交给法 院之前，受托人不可以被强迫去交付该货物依照程序。单据的善意有偿购买人么呀得到该程序或禁令的通知的，不受司法程序施加的留置权影响。

　　§ 7-603. Conflicting Claims; Interpleader. 相冲突的主张; 确权诉讼.

　　If more than one person claims title to or possession of the goods, the bailee is excused from delivery until the bailee has a reasonable time to ascertain the validity of the adverse claims or to commence an action for interpleader. The bailee may assert an interpleader either in defending an action for nondelivery of the goods or by original action.

　　若超过一个人主张货物的权利或占有，在受托人有合理的时间确定不利的主张的有效性或提起一个确权诉讼(interpleader)之前，受托人免除交付。受托人可以主张确权诉讼抗辩因不交付货物的诉讼，或在原诉讼中提出抗辩。

　　PART 7. MISCELLANEOUS PROVISIONS [Table of Contents] 杂项规定

　　§ 7-701. Effective Date. 生效日期.

　　This [Act] takes effect on ______, 20___.本[法案] 生效于 ______, 20___。

　　§ 7-702. Repeals. 废止.

　　[Existing Article 7] and [Section 10-104 of the Uniform Commercial Code] are repealed.

　　[现有的第7篇] 和 [《统一商法典》§10-104] 被废止。

　　§ 7-703. Applicability. 适用性.

　　This [Act] applies to a document of title that is issued or a bailment that arises on or after the effective date of this [Act]. This [Act] does not apply to a document of title that is issued or a bailment that arises before the effective date of this [Act] even if the document of title or bailment would be subject to this [Act] if the document of title had been issued or bailment had arisen after the effective date of this [Act]. This [Act] does not apply to a right of action that has accrued before the effective date of this [Act].

　　本 [法案]适用于在本[法案]生效日期之日或之后发行或发生的权利证书或寄托(bailment)。本[法案]不适用于在本[法案]生效日期之前发行或发生 的权利证书或寄托，即使该权利证书或寄托将受本[法案]影响，若权利证书已经被发行或寄托已经发生在本[法案]生效日期之后。本[法案] 不适用于在本[法案]生效日期之前产生的诉讼权利。

　　§ 7-704. Savings Clause. 保留条款

　　A document of title issued or a bailment that arises before the effective date of this [Act] and the rights, obligations, and interests flowing from that document or bailment are governed by any statute or other rule amended or repealed by this [Act] as if amendment or repeal had not occurred and may be terminated, completed, consummated, or enforced under that statute or other rule.

　　本[法案]适用于在本[法案]生效日期之前发行或发生的 权利证书或寄托，并且，从该权利证书或寄托产生的权利、义务、及权益受任何法令或本[法案] 修正或废除的其他规则调整，就像修正或废除没有发生，并可以被终止、完成(completed)、完善(consummated)、或执行根据该法令或其 他规则。

　　U.C.C. - ARTICLE 8 - INVESTMENT SECURITIES投资证券

　　PART 1. SHORT TITLE AND GENERAL MATTERS [Table of Contents] 简称和一遍标的

　　§ 8-101. SHORT TITLE. 简称

　　This Article may be cited as Uniform Commercial CodeInvestment Securities.

　　本篇可以被引用为《统一商法典》--投资证券.

　　§ 8-102. DEFINITIONS. 定义

　　(a) In this Article: 本篇中：

　　(1) "Adverse claim" means a claim that a claimant has a property interest in a financial asset and that it is a violation of the rights of the claimant for another person to hold, transfer, or deal with the financial asset.

　　(2) "Bearer form," as applied to a certificated security, means a form in which the security is payable to the bearer of the security certificate according to its terms but not by reason of an indorsement.

　　(3) "Broker" means a person defined as a broker or dealer under the federal securities laws, but without excluding a bank acting in that capacity.

　　(4) "Certificated security" means a security that is represented by a certificate.

　　(5) "Clearing corporation" means:

　　(i) a person that is registered as a "clearing agency" under the federal securities laws;

　　(ii) a federal reserve bank; or

　　(iii) any other person that provides clearance or settlement services with respect to financial assets that would require it to register as a clearing agency under the federal securities laws but for an exclusion or exemption from the registration requirement, if its activities as a clearing corporation, including promulgation of rules, are subject to regulation by a federal or state governmental authority.

　　((1) "不利主张" 指一项主张，权利人在融资财产中享有一项财产权益，并且，其他人持有、转让、或处理该融资财产是对该权利人的权利之违反。

　　(2) "持票人表格" 适用于证书证券时，指一张表格，根据其条款，但非由于背书，该证券应向证券证书持票人支付。

　　(3) "经纪人" 指在联邦证券法下定义为经纪人或经销商的人，但不排除行使该能力的银行。

　　(4) "证书证券" 指通过证书提示的证券。

　　(5) "代理商品交易公司"指：

　　(i) 根据联邦证券法律注册为"票据交换所"的人;

　　(ii) 一个联邦储备银行;或

　　(iii) 除了注册要求的一个排除或免除之外，根据联邦证券法律将会要求其登记为票据交换所，关于融资资产，提供清算或结算服务的任何其他人，若其从事代理商品交易公司行为，包括规则的颁布，受由联邦或州政府授权的规章的影响。

　　6) "Communicate" means to:

　　(i) send a signed writing; or

　　(ii) transmit information by any mechanism agreed upon by the persons transmitting and receiving the information.

　　(7) "Entitlement holder" means a person identified in the records of a securities intermediary as the person having a security entitlement against the securities intermediary. If a person acquires a security entitlement by virtue of Section 8-501(b)(2) or (3), that person is the entitlement holder.

　　(8) "Entitlement order" means a notification communicated to a securities intermediary directing transfer or redemption of a financial asset to which the entitlement holder has a security entitlement.

　　(9) "Financial asset," except as otherwise provided in Section 8-103, means:

　　(i) a security;

　　(ii) an obligation of a person or a share, participation, or other interest in a person or in property or an enterprise of a person, which is, or is of a type, dealt in or traded on financial markets, or which is recognized in any area in which it is issued or dealt in as a medium for investment; or

　　(iii) any property that is held by a securities intermediary for another person in a securities account if the securities intermediary has expressly agreed with the other person that the property is to be treated as a financial asset under this Article.

　　As context requires, the term means either the interest itself or the means by which a person's claim to it is evidenced, including a certificated or uncertificated security, a security certificate, or a security entitlement.

　　(6) "通讯" 指：

　　(i) 发送一份签署的书面文件;或

　　(ii) 通过传输和接受该信息的人协商的任何机械传输信息。

　　(7) "权利持有人" 指在证券中介的记录中确定的，对于证券中介享有证券权利的人。若一个人依据§ 8-501(b)(2) 或(3)获得证券权利，此人是权利持有人。

　　(8) "权利指令" 指传达给证券中介的指示权利持有人享有担保权利的融资财产的转让或偿还的通知。

　　(9) 除非§ 8-103另有规定，"融资财产"指：

　　(i) 证券;

　　(ii) 个人、共有、参与的债务，或在个人、财产中的其他权益，或者个人企业，在金融市场交易或贸易的类型，或者其在其作为投资媒介被发行或交易的任何地区被承认;或

　　(iii) 证券中介为其他人在证券帐户中持有的任何财产，若该证券中介已经明示同意其他人该财产被视为在本篇下的融资财产。

　　根据上下文要求，该术语指或者权益本身或者通过其指一个人对于其的主张被证明， 包括证书证券或非证书证券、证券证书或证券权利。

　　(10) [reserved]

　　(11) "Indorsement" means a signature that alone or accompanied by other words is made on a security certificate in registered form or on a separate document for the purpose of assigning, transferring, or redeeming the security or granting a power to assign, transfer, or redeem it.

　　(12) "Instruction" means a notification communicated to the issuer of an uncertificated security which directs that the transfer of the security be registered or that the security be redeemed.

　　(13) "Registered form," as applied to a certificated security, means a form in which:

　　(i) the security certificate specifies a person entitled to the security; and

　　(ii) a transfer of the security may be registered upon books maintained for that purpose by or on behalf of the issuer, or the security certificate so states.

　　(14) "Securities intermediary" means:

　　(i) a clearing corporation; or

　　(ii) a person, including a bank or broker, that in the ordinary course of its business maintains securities accounts for others and is acting in that capacity.

　　(11) "背书" 指单独或伴有其他词语的签名，其以记名形式做出在证券证书上，或在一份单独的单据上，为转让、转移或补偿该证券或给予转让、转移或补偿的权力的目的。

　　(12) "指示" 指传达给非证书证券的发行人的通知，指示该证券的转让被登记或该证券被补偿。

　　(13) "记名形式," 适用于证书证券，指一张表格，在其中：

　　(i) 证券证书指定对该证券享有权利的一个人;及

　　(ii) 该证券的转让可以被登记在为该目的维持或代表发行人维持的登记簿上，或证券证书如此规定。

　　(14) "证券中介"指：

　　(i) 代理商品交易公司;或

　　(ii) 一个人，包括银行或经纪人，在其商务的通常过程中维持证券帐户为其他人并在该地位上行事。

　　(15) "Security," except as otherwise provided in Section 8-103, means an obligation of an issuer or a share, participation, or other interest in an issuer or in property or an enterprise of an issuer:

　　(i) which is represented by a security certificate in bearer or registered form, or the transfer of which may be registered upon books maintained for that purpose by or on behalf of the issuer;

　　(ii) which is one of a class or series or by its terms is divisible into a class or series of shares, participations, interests, or obligations; and

　　(iii) which:

　　(A) is, or is of a type, dealt in or traded on securities exchanges or securities markets; or

　　(B) is a medium for investment and by its terms expressly provides that it is a security governed by this Article.

　　(16) "Security certificate" means a certificate representing a security.

　　(17) "Security entitlement" means the rights and property interest of an entitlement holder with respect to a financial asset specified in Part 5.

　　(18) "Uncertificated security" means a security that is not represented by a certificate.

　　(b) Other definitions applying to this Article and the sections in which they appear are:

　　(15) 除非§ 8-103另有规定，"证券"指发行人的债务，或在发行人或在财产中或在发行人的企业中的共有、参与或其他权益;

　　(i) 其通过持票人的证券证书或记名形式提示，或其转让可以被登记在为该目的维持或代表发行人维持的登记簿上;

　　(ii) 其为一类或系列之一，或者，根据其条款可分为共有、参与、权益或债务的一类或一系列;及

　　(iii) 其：

　　(a) 在证券交易或者证券市场中交易或贸易;或

　　(b) 是投资媒介，并且，按照其条款明确规定其为受本篇调整的证券。

　　(16) "证券证书" 指提示证券的证明书。

　　(17) "证券权利" 指关于第5章规定的融资财产，权利持有人的权利和财产权益。

　　(18) "非证书证券" 指非通过证书提示的证券。

　　(b) 其他篇适用于本篇和本条的定义为：

　　(c) In addition, Article 1 contains general definitions and principles of construction and interpretation applicable throughout this Article.

　　(d) The characterization of a person, business, or transaction for purposes of this Article does not determine the characterization of the person, business, or transaction for purposes of any other law, regulation, or rule.

　　(c) 此外，第1篇包含的一般定义和解释原则和解释适用于本篇。

　　(d) 为本篇之目的的个人、企业或交易的描述不决定为任何其他法律、规章或规则的目的之个人、企业或交易的描述。

　　§ 8-103. RULES FOR DETERMINING WHETHER CERTAIN OBLIGATIONS AND INTERESTS ARE SECURITIES OR FINANCIAL ASSETS.

　　决定一定债务和权益是有价证券还是融资财产的规则.

　　(a) A share or similar equity interest issued by a corporation, business trust, joint stock company, or similar entity is a security.

　　(b) An "investment company security" is a security. "Investment company security" means a share or similar equity interest issued by an entity that is registered as an investment company under the federal investment company laws, an interest in a unit investment trust that is so registered, or a face-amount certificate issued by a face-amount certificate company that is so registered. Investment company security does not include an insurance policy or endowment policy or annuity contract issued by an insurance company.

　　(c) An interest in a partnership or limited liability company is not a security unless it is dealt in or traded on securities exchanges or in securities markets, its terms expressly provide that it is a security governed by this Article, or it is an investment company security. However, an interest in a partnership or limited liability company is a financial asset if it is held in a securities account.

　　(d) A writing that is a security certificate is governed by this Article and not by Article 3, even though it also meets the requirements of that Article. However, a negotiable instrument governed by Article 3 is a financial asset if it is held in a securities account.

　　(e) An option or similar obligation issued by a clearing corporation to its participants is not a security, but is a financial asset.

　　(f) A commodity contract, as defined in Section 9-102(a)(15), is not a security or a financial asset.

　　(g) A document of title is not a financial asset unless Section 8-102(a)(9)(iii) applies.

　　(a) 法人、企业经营信托、股份公司或类似实体发行的股份或类似的平衡法权益是证券。

　　(b) " 投资公司证券" 是有价证券。 "投资公司证券" 指一个共有或类似的平衡法权益，即在联邦投资公司法律下，登记作为投资公司的实体发行的权益，或者如此登记的联合投资信托中的权益，或者如此登记的面值证 书公司发行的面值证书。投资公司证券不包括保险公式签发的保险单或人寿保险单或年金保险合同。

　　(c) 合伙企业或有限责任公司中的权益不是一项担保除非其被处理或贸易在证券交易中或在证券市场中，其条款明确规定其为本篇调整的证券，或其为投资公司证券。但是，合伙企业或有限责任公司中的权益是融资财产，若其被在证券帐户中持有。

　　(d) 作为证券证书的书面文件由本篇调整，不由第3篇调整，即使其也符合该篇的要求。但是，第3篇调整的流通票据是融资财产，若其被在证券帐户中持有。

　　(e) 代理商品交易公司对其参与者发行的期权或类似的债务不是证券，而是融资财产。

　　(f) 作为在§ 9-102(a)(15)中定义的商品期货合约不是证券或者融资财产。

　　(g) 产权凭证不是融资财产，除非§ 8-102(a)(9)(iii)适用。

　　§ 8-104. ACQUISITION OF SECURITY OR FINANCIAL ASSET OR INTEREST THEREIN. 获得证券或融资财产或其中的权益.

　　(a) A person acquires a security or an interest therein, under this Article, if:

　　(1) the person is a purchaser to whom a security is delivered pursuant to Section 8-301; or

　　(2) the person acquires a security entitlement to the security pursuant to Section 8-501.

　　(b) A person acquires a financial asset, other than a security, or an interest therein, under this Article, if the person acquires a security entitlement to the financial asset.

　　(c) A person who acquires a security entitlement to a security or other financial asset has the rights specified in Part 5, but is a purchaser of any security, security entitlement, or other financial asset held by the securities intermediary only to the extent provided in Section 8-503.

　　(d) Unless the context shows that a different meaning is intended, a person who is required by other law, regulation, rule, or agreement to transfer, deliver, present, surrender, exchange, or otherwise put in the possession of another person a security or financial asset satisfies that requirement by causing the other person to acquire an interest in the security or financial asset pursuant to subsection (a) or (b).

　　(a) 一个人获得证券或其中的权益，在本篇下，若：

　　(1) 证券依照§ 8-301交付给的人是购买人;或

　　(2) 此人获得依照§ 8-501对证券的证券权利。

　　(b) 一个获得融资财产，除证券之外，或者其中的权益在本篇下，若此人获得对融资财产的证券权利。

　　(c) 获得对证券或其他融资财产的证券权利的人享有第5章指定的权利，但是，仅限于§ 8-503规定的范围，是证券中介所持有的任何证券、证券权利、或其他融资财产的购买人。

　　(d) 除非上下文显示为不同的含义，一个人按照其他法令、规章、规则、或转让协议、交付、提示、提交、交换或其他方式要求使其他人占用证券或或融资财产的，符合促使其他人依照(a)或(b)款获得在证券或融资财产中的权益的要求。

　　§ 8-105. NOTICE OF ADVERSE CLAIM. 不利主张的调整

　　(a) A person has notice of an adverse claim if:

　　(1) the person knows of the adverse claim;

　　(2) the person is aware of facts sufficient to indicate that there is a significant probability that the adverse claim exists and deliberately avoids information that would establish the existence of the adverse claim; or

　　(3) the person has a duty, imposed by statute or regulation, to investigate whether an adverse claim exists, and the investigation so required would establish the existence of the adverse claim.

　　(b) Having knowledge that a financial asset or interest therein is or has been transferred by a representative imposes no duty of inquiry into the rightfulness of a transaction and is not notice of an adverse claim. However, a person who knows that a representative has transferred a financial asset or interest therein in a transaction that is, or whose proceeds are being used, for the individual benefit of the representative or otherwise in breach of duty has notice of an adverse claim.

　　(a) 一个人得到不利主张的通知，若：

　　(1) 此人知道该不利主张;

　　(2) 此人知道足以显示不利主张存在有重大的可能性事实和故意避免将会证明不利主张存在的信息;或

　　(3) 此人负有法令或条例赋予的义务，调查不利主张是否存在，并且如此要求的调查将证明不利主张的存在。

　　(b) 知道一个代表转让或已经转让融资财产或其中的权益的，不施加对交易正当性的调查义务，并且不是不利主张的通知。但是，一个人知道一个代表已经在一个交易中转让融资财产或其中的权益的，或为该代表的个人利益或以违反义务的其他方式，其收益正被使用的，得到不利主张的通知。

　　(c) An act or event that creates a right to immediate performance of the principal obligation represented by a security certificate or sets a date on or after which the certificate is to be presented or surrendered for redemption or exchange does not itself constitute notice of an adverse claim except in the case of a transfer more than:

　　(1) one year after a date set for presentment or surrender for redemption or exchange; or

　　(2) six months after a date set for payment of money against presentation or surrender of the certificate, if money was available for payment on that date.

　　(d) A purchaser of a certificated security has notice of an adverse claim if the security certificate:

　　(1) whether in bearer or registered form, has been indorsed "for collection" or "for surrender" or for some other purpose not involving transfer; or

　　(2) is in bearer form and has on it an unambiguous statement that it is the property of a person other than the transferor, but the mere writing of a name on the certificate is not such a statement.

　　(e) Filing of a financing statement under Article 9 is not notice of an adverse claim to a financial asset.

　　(c) 一项行为或事件，创设对证券证书所提示的主债务的立即履行的权利的，或者，设定一个日期，在该日期或在该日期之后，该证书将为赎回或兑换而提示或提交的，本身不构成不利主张的通知，除非在下述情形，一个转让超过：

　　(1) 为赎回或兑换而提示或提交而设定的日期之后一年;或

　　(2) 为对该证书的代表或提交人的金钱付款而设定的日期之后6个月，若在该日期可获得金钱。

　　(d) 证书证券购买人得到不利主张的通知，若该证券证书：

　　(1) 无论是不记名形式还是记名形式，已经背书为收款或为提交或者为不包括转让的一些其他目的;或

　　(2) 是不记名形式，并且，在其上有一个明确的申明，其为除转让人之外的人的财产，但仅记载一个名字在该证书上的，不是这样的申明书。

　　(e) 第9篇下的融资申明书的登记不是融资财产的不利主张的通知。

　　§ 8-106. CONTROL. 控制

　　(a) A purchaser has "control" of a certificated security in bearer form if the certificated security is delivered to the purchaser.

　　(b) A purchaser has "control" of a certificated security in registered form if the certificated security is delivered to the purchaser, and:

　　(1) the certificate is indorsed to the purchaser or in blank by an effective indorsement; or

　　(2) the certificate is registered in the name of the purchaser, upon original issue or registration of transfer by the issuer.

　　(a) 购买人"控制"不记名证书证券，若证书证券被交付给购买人。

　　(b) 购买人"控制"记名形式的证书证券若证书证券被交付给购买人，及：

　　(1) 该证书被背书给购买人或以有效的空白背书;或

　　(2) 该证书以购买人的名义登记，在发行人最初发行时或转让登记时。

　　(c) A purchaser has "control" of an uncertificated security if:

　　(1) the uncertificated security is delivered to the purchaser; or

　　(2) the issuer has agreed that it will comply with instructions originated by the purchaser without further consent by the registered owner.

　　(d) A purchaser has "control" of a security entitlement if:

　　(1) the purchaser becomes the entitlement holder; or

　　(2) the securities intermediary has agreed that it will comply with entitlement orders originated by the purchaser without further consent by the entitlement holder, or

　　(3) another person has control of the security entitlement on behalf of the purchaser or, having previously acquired control of the security entitlement, acknowledges that it has control on behalf of the purchaser.

　　(c) 购买人"控制" 非证书证券，若：

　　(1) 非证书证券被交付给购买人;或

　　(2) 发行人已经同意其将遵从购买人无需登记的所有人的更进一步的同意，而发出的指示。

　　(d) 购买人"控制" 证券权利，若：

　　(1) 购买人成为权利持有人;或

　　(2) 证券中介已经同意其将遵从购买人无需权利持有人的更进一步的同意，而发出的权益指令，或

　　(3) 其他人代表购买人控制证券权利，以前已经获得控制证券权利，承认其代表购买人具有控制。

　　(e) If an interest in a security entitlement is granted by the entitlement holder to the entitlement holder's own securities intermediary, the securities intermediary has control.

　　(f) A purchaser who has satisfied the requirements of subsection (c) or (d) has control even if the registered owner in the case of subsection (c) or the entitlement holder in the case of subsection (d) retains the right to make substitutions for the uncertificated security or security entitlement, to originate instructions or entitlement orders to the issuer or securities intermediary, or otherwise to deal with the uncertificated security or security entitlement.

　　(g) An issuer or a securities intermediary may not enter into an agreement of the kind described in subsection (c)(2) or (d)(2) without the consent of the registered owner or entitlement holder, but an issuer or a securities intermediary is not required to enter into such an agreement even though the registered owner or entitlement holder so directs. An issuer or securities intermediary that has entered into such an agreement is not required to confirm the existence of the agreement to another party unless requested to do so by the registered owner or entitlement holder.

　　(e) 若权利持有人将证券权利中的权益赋予权利持有人自己的证券中介，该证券中介具有控制。

　　(f) 购买人满足(c)或(d)款的条件的，具有控制，即使在(c)款情形的登记的所有人或在(d)款情形的权利持有人保留为为非证书证券或证券权利作出替代的权利，发出指示或权益指令给该发行人或证券中介，或以其他方式处理该非证书证券或证券权利。

　　(g) 不经过登记的所有人或权利持有人的同意，发行人或证券中介不得订立(c)(2)或(d)(2)规定的那种协议，但是发行人或证券中介不被要求去订立这样一份协议，即使登记的所有人或权利持有人如此指示。已经订立这样一份协议的发行人或证券中介不被要求向其他当事人确认该协议的存在，除非被登记的所有人或权利持有人要求如此做。

　　§ 8-107. WHETHER INDORSEMENT, INSTRUCTION, OR ENTITLEMENT ORDER IS EFFECTIVE. 背书、指示、或权益指令是否有效.

　　(a) "Appropriate person" means:

　　(1) with respect to an indorsement, the person specified by a security certificate or by an effective special indorsement to be entitled to the security;

　　(2) with respect to an instruction, the registered owner of an uncertificated security;

　　(3) with respect to an entitlement order, the entitlement holder;

　　(4) if the person designated in paragraph (1), (2), or (3) is deceased, the designated person's s统一商法典essor taking under other law or the designated person's personal representative acting for the estate of the decedent; or

　　(5) if the person designated in paragraph (1), (2), or (3) lacks capacity, the designated person's guardian, conservator, or other similar representative who has power under other law to transfer the security or financial asset.

　　(a) "适当的人"指：

　　(1) 关于背书，证券证书或有效的特别背书指定的人对该证券享有权利;

　　(2) 关于指示，非证书证券的登记的所有人;

　　(3) 关于权益指令，权利持有人;

　　(4) 若(1)、(2)、或(3)段指定的人死亡，该指定的人在其他法律下的继承人，或者该指定的人的代理死者不动产的个人代表;或

　　(5) 若(1)、(2)、或(3)段指定的人无行为能力，该指定的人的监护人、保护人、或根据其他法律有权转让该证券或融资财产的其他类似代表。

　　(b) An indorsement, instruction, or entitlement order is effective if:

　　(1) it is made by the appropriate person;

　　(2) it is made by a person who has power under the law of agency to transfer the security or financial asset on behalf of the appropriate person, including, in the case of an instruction or entitlement order, a person who has control under Section 8-106(c)(2) or (d)(2); or

　　(3) the appropriate person has ratified it or is otherwise precluded from asserting its ineffectiveness.

　　(c) An indorsement, instruction, or entitlement order made by a representative is effective even if:

　　(1) the representative has failed to comply with a controlling instrument or with the law of the State having jurisdiction of the representative relationship, including any law requiring the representative to obtain court approval of the transaction; or

　　(2) the representative's action in making the indorsement, instruction, or entitlement order or u, sing the proceeds of the transaction is otherwise a breach of duty.

　　(b) 背书、指示或权益指令有效，若：

　　(1) 由适当的人作出;

　　(2) 由根据代理法，有权代表该适当的人的利益转让该证券或融资财产的人作出，包括在指示或权益指令情形，在§ 8-106(c)(2)或(d)(2)下具有控制的人;或

　　(3) 适当的人已经认可，或以其他方式阻止主张其无效性。

　　(c) 代表作出的背书、指示、或权益指令有效，即使：

　　(1) 该代表未能遵从控制票据(controlling instrument)或遵从具有该代表关系管辖权的州法，包括要求该代表获得法院的交易许可的任何法律;或

　　(2) 该代表作出该背书、指示、或权益指令的行为，或使用该交易的收益的行为是以其他方式违反义务。

　　(d) If a security is registered in the name of or specially indorsed to a person described as a representative, or if a securities account is maintained in the name of a person described as a representative, an indorsement, instruction, or entitlement order made by the person is effective even though the person is no longer serving in the described capacity.

　　(e) Effectiveness of an indorsement, instruction, or entitlement order is determined as of the date the indorsement, instruction, or entitlement order is made, and an indorsement, instruction, or entitlement order does not become ineffective by reason of any later change of circumstances.

　　§ 8-108. WARRANTIES IN DIRECT HOLDING. 直接持有中的担保.

　　(a) A person who transfers a certificated security to a purchaser for value warrants to the purchaser, and an indorser, if the transfer is by indorsement, warrants to any subsequent purchaser, that:

　　(1) the certificate is genuine and has not been materially altered;

　　(2) the transferor or indorser does not know of any fact that might impair the validity of the security;

　　(3) there is no adverse claim to the security;

　　(4) the transfer does not violate any restriction on transfer;

　　(5) if the transfer is by indorsement, the indorsement is made by an appropriate person, or if the indorsement is by an agent, the agent has actual authority to act on behalf of the appropriate person; and

　　(6) the transfer is otherwise effective and rightful.

　　(d) 若一张证券以规定为代理人的人的名义登记，或者被特别背书给此人，或者，若证券帐户以规定为代理人的人的名义维持，此人作出的背书、指示、或权益指令有效，即使此人不再在规定的能力内。

　　(e) 背书、指示、或权益指令的效力在背书、指示、或权益指令作出之日决定，并且，背书、指示、或权益指令不因此后情形的改变而变为无效。

　　(a) 转让证书证券给有偿购买人的人，向购买人和背书人担保，若通过背书转让，向任何后来的购买人担保：

　　(1) 该证书真实并未被实质涂改;

　　(2) 出让人或背书人不知道可能削弱该正确的有效性的任何事实;

　　(3) 没有对该证券的不利主张;

　　(4) 该转让不违反对转让的任何限制;

　　(5) 若通过背书转让，该背书由适当的人作出，或者若背书由代理人作出，该代理人具有代理适当的人作为的实际授权;以及

　　(6) 该转让其他方面有效并合法。

　　(b) A person who originates an instruction for registration of transfer of an uncertificated security to a purchaser for value warrants to the purchaser that:

　　(1) the instruction is made by an appropriate person, or if the instruction is by an agent, the agent has actual authority to act on behalf of the appropriate person;

　　(2) the security is valid;

　　(3) there is no adverse claim to the security; and

　　(4) at the time the instruction is presented to the issuer:

　　(i) the purchaser will be entitled to the registration of transfer;

　　(ii) the transfer will be registered by the issuer free from all liens, security interests, restrictions, and claims other than those specified in the instruction;

　　(iii) the transfer will not violate any restriction on transfer; and

　　(iv) the requested transfer will otherwise be effective and rightful.

　　(b) 发出为非证书证券对有偿购买人的转让登记的指示的，向购买人担保：

　　(1) 该指示由适当的人作出，或若该指示由代理人作出，该代理人具有代理适当的人作为的实际授权;

　　(2) 该证券有效;

　　(3) 没有对该证券的不利主张;并且

　　(4) 在指示被提示给发行人时：

　　(i) 购买人将对转让登记享有资格;

　　(ii) 该转让将由发行人登记并且不受所有留置权、担保权益、限制 和除在该指示中指定之外的主张约束;

　　(iii) 该转让不会违反对转让的任何限制;并且

　　(iv) 该被要求的转让在其他方面将有效并合法。

　　(c) A person who transfers an uncertificated security to a purchaser for value and does not originate an instruction in connection with the transfer warrants that:

　　(1) the uncertificated security is valid;

　　(2) there is no adverse claim to the security;

　　(3) the transfer does not violate any restriction on transfer; and

　　(4) the transfer is otherwise effective and rightful.

　　(d) A person who indorses a security certificate warrants to the issuer that:

　　(1) there is no adverse claim to the security; and

　　(2) the indorsement is effective.

　　(e) A person who originates an instruction for registration of transfer of an uncertificated security warrants to the issuer that:

　　(1) the instruction is effective; and

　　(2) at the time the instruction is presented to the issuer the purchaser will be entitled to the registration of transfer.

　　(c) 转让非证书证券给有偿购买人，不发出与该转让有关的指示的，担保：

　　(1) 非证书证券有效;

　　(2) 没有对该证券的不利主张;

　　(3) 该转让不会违反对转让的任何限制;并且

　　(4) 该转让在其他方面有效并合法。

　　(d) 背书证券证书的人向发行人担保：

　　(1) 没有对该证券的不利主张;及

　　(2) 该背书有效。

　　(e) 发出为非证书证券的转让登记的指示的，向发行人担保：

　　(1) 该指示有效;并且

　　(2) 在指示被提示给发行人时，购买人对转让登记具有资格。

　　(f) A person who presents a certificated security for registration of transfer or for payment or exchange warrants to the issuer that the person is entitled to the registration, payment, or exchange, but a purchaser for value and without notice of adverse claims to whom transfer is registered warrants only that the person has no knowledge of any unauthorized signature in a necessary indorsement.

　　(g) If a person acts as agent of another in delivering a certificated security to a purchaser, the identity of the principal was known to the person to whom the certificate was delivered, and the certificate delivered by the agent was received by the agent from the principal or received by the agent from another person at the direction of the principal, the person delivering the security certificate warrants only that the delivering person has authority to act for the principal and does not know of any adverse claim to the certificated security.

　　(f) 为转让登记或为付款或兑换而提示证书证券的，向发行人担保此人对登记、付款、或兑换享有权利，但是，有偿购买人未得到不利主张通知，并且得到转让登记的，仅担保此人不知道在必要的背书中的任何未授权的签名。

　　(g) 若一个人但当其他人的代理人，交付证书证券给购买人，该证书交付的相对人知道本人的身份，并且代理人交付的该证书由代理人从本人处收到，或者，由代理人根据本人的指示从其他人处收到，交付该证券证书的人仅担保交付人具有代理本人的授权，并且不知道对证书证券的任何不利主张。

　　(h) A secured party who redelivers a security certificate received, or after payment and on order of the debtor delivers the security certificate to another person, makes only the warranties of an agent under subsection (g).

　　(i) Except as otherwise provided in subsection (g), a broker acting for a customer makes to the issuer and a purchaser the warranties provided in subsections (a) through (f). A broker that delivers a security certificate to its customer, or causes its customer to be registered as the owner of an uncertificated security, makes to the customer the warranties provided in subsection (a) or (b), and has the rights and privileges of a purchaser under this section. The warranties of and in favor of the broker acting as an agent are in addition to applicable warranties given by and in favor of the customer.

　　(h) 担保权人收到证券证书后再交付，或在付款后并根据债务人的指令交付该证券证书给其他人的，仅作出在(g)款下的代理人的担保。

　　(i) 除非(g)款另有规定，代理消费者的经纪人对发行人和购买人作出(a)到(f)款的担保。经纪人交付证券证书给其消费者，或促成其消费者登记为非证书证券所有者的，向消费者作出(a)或(b)款规定的担保，并具有购买人在本条下的权利和特权。但当代理人的经纪人的担保或有利于其的担保，是消费者给予的可适用的担保或有利于消费者的可适用的担保之外的担保。

　　§ 8-109. WARRANTIES IN INDIRECT HOLDING. 间接持有中担保.

　　(a) A person who originates an entitlement order to a securities intermediary warrants to the securities intermediary that:

　　(1) the entitlement order is made by an appropriate person, or if the entitlement order is by an agent, the agent has actual authority to act on behalf of the appropriate person; and

　　(2) there is no adverse claim to the security entitlement.

　　(b) A person who delivers a security certificate to a securities intermediary for credit to a securities account or originates an instruction with respect to an uncertificated security directing that the uncertificated security be credited to a securities account makes to the securities intermediary the warranties specified in Section 8-108(a) or (b).

　　(c) If a securities intermediary delivers a security certificate to its entitlement holder or causes its entitlement holder to be registered as the owner of an uncertificated security, the securities intermediary makes to the entitlement holder the warranties specified in Section 8-108(a) or (b).

　　(a) 发出权益指令给证券中介的，向证券中介担保：

　　(1) 该权益指令由适当的人作出，或者若权益指令由代理人作出，该代理人具有代理适当的人的实际授权;及

　　(2) 没有对该证券的不利主张。

　　(b) 为对证券帐户记入贷方而交付证券证书给证券中介或发出关于非证书证券的指示，指示该非证书证券应对证券帐户记入贷方的，向该证券中介作出§ 8-108(a)或(b)规定的担保。

　　(c) 若证券中介交付证券证书给其权利持有人或促使其权利持有人登记为非证书证券的所有者的，证券中介向权利持有人作出§ 8-108(a)或(b)规定的担保。