Agreement on the Application of Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures(SPS)

　　实施动植物卫生检疫措施的协议 ( SPS协定)

　　SPS协议全称为《实施动植物卫生检疫措施的协议》，对国际贸易中的动植物检疫提出了具体的严格的要求，它是WTO协议原则渗透的动植物检疫工作的产物，是世界贸易组织(WTO)在长达8年之久的乌拉圭回合谈判的一个重要的国际多边协议成果。

　　Members, 各成员：

　　Reaffirming that no Member should be prevented from adopting or enforcing measures necessary to protect human, animal or plant life or health, subject to the requirement that these measures are not applied in a manner which would constitute a means of arbitrary or unjustifiable discrimination between Members where the same conditions prevail or a disguised restriction on international trade;

　　重申不应阻止各成员采纳或实施为保护人类、动物或植物的生命或健康所必须的措施。只要这些措施的实施方式，不在情形相同的成员之间构成任意或不合理的歧视，或对国际贸易构成变相的限制;

　　Desiring to improve the human health, animal health and phytosanitary situation in all Members;

　　期望改善各成员的人民健康、动物健康和植物卫生状况;

　　Noting that sanitary and phytosanitary measures are often applied on the basis of bilateral agreements or protocols;

　　注意到动植物卫生检疫措施通常以双边协议或议定书为基础实施;

　　Desiring the establishment of a multilateral framework of rules and disciplines to guide the development, adoption and enforcement of sanitary and phytosanitary measures in order to minimize their negative effects on trade;

　　期望建立规则和纪律的多边框架，以指导动植物卫生检疫措施的制定、采用和实施，从而使其对贸易的消极作用降到最小;

　　Recognizing the important contribution that international standards, guidelines and recommendations can make in this regard;

　　承认国际标准、准则和建议可以在该领域能作出重大贡献;

　　Desiring to further the use of harmonized sanitary and phytosanitary measures between Members, on the basis of international standards, guidelines and recommendations developed by the relevant international organizations, including the Codex Alimentarius Commission, the International Office of Epizootics, and the relevant international and regional organizations operating within the framework of the International Plant Protection Convention, without requiring Members to change their appropriate level of protection of human, animal or plant life or health;

　　期望进一步推动各成员使用以有关国际组织所制定的国际标准、准则和建议为基础的统一的动植物卫生检疫措施，这些国际组织包括国际营养标准委员会，国际兽疫局，以及在国际植物保护公约框架下运行的有关国际和区域组织;但不要求各成员改变其合理的保护人类、动物或植物的生命或健康的水平;

　　Recognizing that developing country Members may encounter special difficulties in complying with the sanitary or phytosanitary measures of importing Members, and as a consequence in access to markets, and also in the formulation and application of sanitary or phytosanitary measures in their own territories, and desiring to assist them in their endeavours in this regard;

　　承认发展中国家成员在遵守进口成员的动植物卫生检疫措施方面可能遇到特殊的困难，进而在市场准入以及在其制定和实施国内动植物卫生检疫措施方面也会遇到困难，期望在这方面给予他们帮助;

　　Desiring therefore to elaborate rules for the application of the provisions of GATT 1994 which relate to the use of sanitary or phytosanitary measures, in particular the provisions of Article XX(b);(1)

　　期望因此对如何实施1994年关贸总协定中与动植物卫生检疫措施有关的条款，特别是第二十条(b)款的实施制定具体规则;

　　Hereby agree as follows: 协议如下：

　　Article 1: General Provisions第一条 总则

　　1. This Agreement applies to all sanitary and phytosanitary measures which may, directly or indirectly, affect international trade. Such measures shall be developed and applied in accordance with the provisions of this Agreement.

　　本协议适用于所有可能直接或间接影响国际贸易的动植物卫生检疫措施，这类措施应按照本协议的条款来制定和实施。

　　2. For the purposes of this Agreement, the definitions provided in Annex A shall apply.

　　为本协议之目的，附件1中规定的定义都适用。

　　3. The annexes are an integral part of this Agreement.

　　各附件是本协议的不可分割的组成部分。

　　4. Nothing in this Agreement shall affect the rights of Members under the Agreement on Technical Barriers to Trade with respect to measures not within the scope of this Agreement.

　　对不在本协议范围之内的措施，本协议不应影响各成员在技术性贸易壁垒协议项下所享有的权利。

　　Article 2: Basic Rights and Obligations第二条 基本权利和义务

　　1. Members have the right to take sanitary and phytosanitary measures necessary for the protection of human, animal or plant life or health, provided that such measures are not inconsistent with the provisions of this Agreement.

　　各成员有权采取为保护人类、动物或植物的生命或健康所必需的动植物卫生检疫措施，但这类措施不应违背本协议的规定。

　　2. Members shall ensure that any sanitary or phytosanitary measureis applied only to the extent necessary to protect human, animal or plant life or health, is based on scientific principles and is not maintained without sufficient scientific evidence, except as provided for in paragraph 7 of Article 5.

　　各成员应确保任何动植物卫生检疫措施的实施不超过为保护人类、动物或植物的生命或健康所必需的程度，并以科学原理为依据，如无充分的科学依据则不再实施，但第五条第7款规定的除外。

　　3. Members shall ensure that their sanitary and phytosanitary measures do not arbitrarily or unjustifiably discriminate between Members where identical or similar conditions prevail, including between their own territory and that of other Members. Sanitary and phytosanitary measures shall not be applied in a manner which would constitute a disguised restriction on international trade.

　　各成员应确保其动植物卫生检疫措施不在情形相同或情形相似的成员之间，包括在成员自己境内和其他成员领土之间构成任意或不合理的歧视。动植物卫生检疫措施的实施不应对国际贸易构成变相的限制。

　　4. Sanitary or phytosanitary measures which conform to the relevant provisions of this Agreement shall be presumed to be in accordance with the obligations of the Members under the provisions of GATT 1994 which relate to the use of sanitary or phytosanitary measures, in particular the provisions of Article XX(b).

　　符合本协议有关条款规定的动植物卫生检疫措施，应被认为符合各成员在1994年关贸总协定有关采用动植物卫生检疫措施的义务，特别是第二十条(b)款的规定。

　　Article 3: Harmonization第三条 协调一致

　　1. To harmonize sanitary and phytosanitary measures on as wide a basis as possible, Members shall base their sanitary or phytosanitary measures on international standards, guidelines or recommendations, where they exist, except as otherwise provided for in this Agreement, and in particular in paragraph 3.

　　为尽可能广泛地协调动植物卫生检疫措施，各成员的动植物卫生检疫措施应以国际标准、准则或建议为依据，除非本协议，特别是第3款中另有规定。

　　2. Sanitary or phytosanitary measures which conform to international standards, guidelines or recommendations shall be deemed to be necessary to protect human, animal or plant life or health, and presumed to be consistent with the relevant provisions of this Agreement and of GATT 1994.

　　符合国际标准、准则或建议的动植物卫生检疫措施应视为是保护人类、动物或植物的生命或健康所必需的，并被认为符合本协议和1994年关贸总协定有关条款的规定。

　　3. Members may introduce or maintain sanitary or phytosanitary measures which result in a higher level of sanitary or phytosanitary protection than would be achieved by measures based on the relevant international standards, guidelines or recommendations, if there is a scientific justification, or as a consequence of the level of sanitary or phytosanitary protection a Member determines to be appropriate in accordance with the relevant provisions of paragraphs 1 through 8 of Article 5 (2) Notwithstanding the above, all measures which result in a level of sanitary or phytosanitary protection different from that which would be achieved by measures based on international standards, guidelines or recommendations shall not be inconsistent with any other provision of this Agreement.

　　各成员可以实施或维持比以有关国际标准、准则或建议为依据的措施所提供的保护水平更高的动植物卫生检疫措施，但要有科学依据，或者一成员根据第五条第1款至第8款中有关条款规定，认为该措施所提供的保护水平是合适的。除上述外，若某措施所产生的动植物卫生保护水平不同于以国际标准、准则或建议为依据制定的措施所提供的保护水平，则一概不可违背本协议中其他任何条款的规定。

　　4. Members shall play a full part, within the limits of their resources, in the relevant international organizations and their subsidiary bodies, in particular the Codex Alimentarius Commission, the International Office of Epizootics, and the international and regional organizations operating within the framework of the International Plant Protection Convention, to promote within these organizations the development and periodic review of standards, guidelines and recommendations with respect to all aspects of sanitary and phytosanitary measures.

　　各成员应尽其所能全面参与有关国际组织及其附属机构，特别是国际营养标准委员会，国际兽疫局，以及在国际植物保护公约框架下运行的有关国际和区域组织，以便促进在这些组织中对有关动植物卫生检疫措施各个方面的标准、准则和建议的制订和定期审议。

　　5. The Committee on Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures provided for in paragraphs 1 and 4 of Article 12 (referred to in this Agreement as the Committee) shall develop a procedure to monitor the process of international harmonization and coordinate efforts in this regard with the relevant international organizations.

　　在第十二条第1和第4款中提到的动植物卫生检疫措施委员会(本协议中简称"委员会")应制定程序，以监督国际统一化进程，并在这方面和有关国际组织协同努力。

　　Article 4: Equivalence第四条 同等对待

　　1. Members shall accept the sanitary or phytosanitary measures of other Members as equivalent, even if these measures differ from their own or from those used by other Members trading in the same product, if the exporting Member objectively demonstrates to the importing Member that its measures achieve the importing Member’s appropriate level of sanitary or phytosanitary protection. For this purpose, reasonable access shall be given, upon request, to the importing Member for inspection, testing and other relevant procedures.

　　如果出口成员客观地向进口成员表明它所采用的动植物卫生检疫措施达到了进口成员适当的动植物卫生检疫保护水平，即使这些措施不同于进口成员自己的措施，或不同于从事同一产品贸易的其他成员所采用的措施，各成员应同等地接受其他成员的动植物卫生检疫措施。为此，根据请求，应向进口成员提供进行检验、测试，以及执行其他有关程序的合理的机会。

　　2. Members shall, upon request, enter into consultations with the aim of achieving bilateral and multilateral agreements on recognition of the equivalence of specified sanitary or phytosanitary measures.

　　各成员应根据要求进行磋商，以便就所规定的动植物卫生检疫措施同等性的承认达成双边和多边协议。

　　Article 5: Assessment of Risk and Determination of the Appropriate Level of Sanitary or Phytosanitary Protection

　　第五条 风险评估以及适当的动植物卫生检疫保护水平的确定

　　1. Members shall ensure that their sanitary or phytosanitary measures are based on an assessment, as appropriate to the circumstances, of the risks to human, animal or plant life or health, taking into account risk assessment techniques developed by the relevant international organizations.

　　各成员应确保其动植物卫生检疫措施是依据适应环境的对于人类、动物或植物的生命或健康的风险评估，并考虑到由有关国际组织制定的风险评估技术。

　　2. In the assessment of risks, Members shall take into account available scientific evidence; relevant processes and production methods; relevant inspection, sampling and testing methods; prevalence of specific diseases or pests; existence of pest- or disease-free areas; relevant ecological and environmental conditions; and quarantine or other treatment.

　　在进行风险评估时，各成员应考虑现有的科学依据;有关的工序和生产方法;有关的检验、抽样和测试方法;某些病害或虫害的流行;病虫害非疫区的存在;有关的生态和环境条件;以及检疫或其他处理方法。

　　3. In assessing the risk to animal or plant life or health and determining the measure to be applied for achieving the appropriate level of sanitary or phytosanitary protection from such risk, Members shall take into account as relevant economic factors: the potential damage in terms of loss of production or sales in the event of the entry, establishment or spread of a pest or disease; the costs of control or eradication in the territory of the importing Member; and the relative cost-effectiveness of alternative approaches to limiting risks.

　　各成员在评估对动物或植物的生命或健康构成的风险，并决定采取措施达到适当的动植物卫生检疫保护水平，以防止这种风险时，应考虑下列相关的经济因素：由于虫害或病害的传入、定居或传播，对生产或销售造成损失的潜在损害;在进口成员领土上控制或根除的病虫害的成本;以及采用其他方法来控制风险的有关实际开支。

　　4. Members should, when determining the appropriate level of sanitary or phytosanitary protection, take into account the objective of minimizing negative trade effects.

　　各成员在决定适当的动植物卫生检疫保护水平时，应考虑将对贸易的不利影响减少到最低程度这一目标。

　　5. With the objective of achieving consistency in the application of the concept of appropriate level of sanitary or phytosanitary protection against risks to human life or health, or to animal and plant life or health, each Member shall avoid arbitrary or unjustifiable distinctions in the levels it considers to be appropriate in different situations, if such distinctions result in discrimination or a disguised restriction on international trade. Members shall cooperate in the Committee, in accordance with paragraphs 1, 2 and 3 of Article 12, to develop guidelines to further the practical implementation of this provision. In developing the guidelines, the Committee shall take into account all relevant factors, including the exceptional character of human health risks to which people voluntarily expose themselves.

　　为了达到运用适当的动植物卫生检疫保护水平的概念，在防止对人类生命或健康，动物和植物的生命或健康构成风险方面取得一致性的目的，每个成员应避免在不同的情况下任意或不合理地实施它所认为适当的不同的保护水平，如果这种差异在国际贸易中产生歧视或变相限制。各成员应根据本协议第十二条第1、2和3款中的规定，在委员会中相互合作来制定准则，以推动本条款的实际贯彻。委员会在制定准则时应考虑所有相关因素，包括人们自愿遭受的人身健康风险的例外情况。

　　6. Without prejudice to paragraph 2 of Article 3, when establishing or maintaining sanitary or phytosanitary measures to achieve the appropriate level of sanitary or phytosanitary protection, Members shall ensure that such measures are not more trade-restrictive than required to achieve their appropriate level of sanitary or phytosanitary protection, taking into account technical and economic feasibility.

　　在不违背第三条第2款规定的前提下，各成员在制定或维持动植物卫生检疫措施以达到适当的动植物卫生检疫保护水平时，考虑到技术和经济可行性，应确保这类措施不比要获取适当的动植物卫生检疫保护水平所要求的更具贸易限制性。

　　7. In cases where relevant scientific evidence is insufficient, a Member may provisionally adopt sanitary or phytosanitary measures on the basis of available pertinent information, including that from the relevant international organizations as well as from sanitary or phytosanitary measures applied by other Members. In such circumstances, Members shall seek to obtain the additional information necessary for a more objective assessment of risk and review the sanitary or phytosanitary measure accordingly within a reasonable period of time.

　　在有关科学依据不充分的情况下，一成员可根据现有的有关信息，包括来自有关国际组织以及其他成员方实施的动植物卫生检疫措施的信息，临时采取某种动植物卫生检疫措施。在这种情况下，各成员应寻求获取必要的补充信息，以便更加客观地评估风险，并相应地在合理的期限内评价动植物卫生检疫措施。

　　8. When a Member has reason to believe that a specific sanitary or phytosanitary measure introduced or maintained by another Member is constraining, or has the potential to constrain, its exports and the measure is not based on the relevant international standards, guidelines or recommendations, or such standards, guidelines or recommendations do not exist, an explanation of the reasons for such sanitary or phytosanitary measure may be requested and shall be provided by the Member maintaining the measure.

　　当一成员有理由认为另一成员制定或维持的某种动植物卫生检疫措施正在限制，或潜在限制其产品出口，而这种措施不是以有关国际标准、准则或建议为依据，或者这类标准、准则或建议并不存在，则可要求其解释采用这种动植物卫生检疫措施的理由，并应由维持该措施的成员提供解释。

　　Article 6: Adaptation to Regional Conditions, Including Pest- or Disease-Free Areas and Areas of Low Pest or Disease Prevalence

　　第六条 病虫害非疫区和低度流行区适用地区的条件

　　1. Members shall ensure that their sanitary or phytosanitary measures are adapted to the sanitary or phytosanitary characteristics of the area whether all of a country, part of a country, or all or parts of several countries from which the product originated and to which the product is destined. In assessing the sanitary or phytosanitary characteristics of a region, Members shall take into account, inter alia, the level of prevalence of specific diseases or pests, the existence of eradication or control programmes, and appropriate criteria or guidelines which may be developed by the relevant international organizations.

　　各成员应确保其动植物卫生检疫措施要适应当地--即产品的产地及发运地的动植物卫生检疫特点--不论这个地区是一个国家的全部或其部分地区，或几个国家的全部或部分地区。在评估一个地区的动植物卫生特点时，各成员应特别考虑某些病害或虫害的流行程度、现有的根治或控制方案，以及由有关国际组织制定的适当标准或准则。

　　2. Members shall, in particular, recognize the concepts of pest- or disease-free areas and areas of low pest or disease prevalence. Determination of such areas shall be based on factors such as geography, ecosystems, epidemiological surveillance, and the effectiveness of sanitary or phytosanitary controls.

　　特别是，各成员应承认病虫害非疫区和低度流行区的概念。对这些地区的确定，应依据诸如地理、生态系统、流行病监测，以及动植物卫生检疫效果等因素。

　　3. Exporting Members claiming that areas within their territories are pest- or disease-free areas or areas of low pest or disease prevalence shall provide the necessary evidence thereof in order to objectively demonstrate to the importing Member that such areas are, and are likely to remain, pest- or disease-free areas or areas of low pest or disease prevalence, respectively. For this purpose, reasonable access shall be given, upon request, to the importing Member for inspection, testing and other relevant procedures.

　　出口成员声明其境内某些地区是病虫害非疫区或低度流行区时，应提供必要的证据，以便向进口成员客观地表明这些地区分别是，并很可能继续分别是病虫害非疫区或低度流行区。为此，根据要求应向进口成员提供合理的途径，以便进口成员检验、测试。以及执行其他有关程序。

　　Article 7: Transparency第七条 透明度

　　Members shall notify changes in their sanitary or phytosanitary measures and shall provide information on their sanitary or phytosanitary measures in accordance with the provisions of Annex B.

　　各成员应通知其动植物卫生检疫措施的改变，并根据附件2有关规定提供其动植物卫生检疫措施的信息。

　　Article 8: Control, Inspection and Approval Procedures第八条 控制、检验和批准程序

　　Members shall observe the provisions of Annex C in the operation of control, inspection and approval procedures, including national systems for approving the use of additives or for establishing tolerances for contaminants in foods, beverages or feedstuffs, and otherwise ensure that their procedures are not inconsistent with the provisions of this Agreement.

　　各成员在实施控制、检验和批准程序，包括批准在食品、饮料或饲料中使用添加剂，或确定污染物允许量的国家制度时，应遵守附件3的规定，并应确保其程序不与本协议规定相抵触。

　　Article 9: Technical Assistance第九条 技术援助

　　1. Members agree to facilitate the provision of technical assistance to other Members, especially developing country Members, either bilaterally or through the appropriate international organizations. Such assistance may be, inter alia, in the areas of processing technologies, research and infrastructure, including in the establishment of national regulatory bodies, and may take the form of advice, credits, donations and grants, including for the purpose of seeking technical expertise, training and equipment to allow such countries to adjust to, and comply with, sanitary or phytosanitary measures necessary to achieve the appropriate level of sanitary or phytosanitary protection in their export markets.

　　各成员同意促成以双边形式或通过适当的国际组织向其他成员，特别是发展中国家成员提供技术援助。这些援助尤其可以在加工技术、研究和基础设施，包括成立国家管理机构等领域;也可以采取建议、信贷、捐赠和转让，包括以寻求技术知识为目的的培训和设备等方式，以使这些国家能调整并遵从为达到其出口市场上的适当的动植物卫生检疫保护水平所必需的动植物卫生检疫措施。

　　2. Where substantial investments are required in order for an exporting developing country Member to fulfil the sanitary or phytosanitary requirements of an importing Member, the latter shall consider providing such technical assistance as will permit the developing country Member to maintain and expand its market access opportunities for the product involved.

　　当发展中国家出口成员为达到进口成员的动植物卫生检疫要求而需要大量投资时，后者应考虑提供这类技术援助，以使发展中国家成员得以维持和扩大其相关产品市场准入的机会。

　　Article 10: Special and Differential Treatment第十条 特殊和差别待遇

　　1. In the preparation and application of sanitary or phytosanitary measures, Members shall take account of the special needs of developing country Members, and in particular of the least-developed country Members.

　　各成员在准备和实施动植物卫生检疫措施时，应考虑到发展中国家成员，特别是最不发达国家成员的特殊需要。

　　2. Where the appropriate level of sanitary or phytosanitary protection allows scope for the phased introduction of new sanitary or phytosanitary measures, longer time-frames for compliance should be accorded on products of interest to developing country Members so as to maintain opportunities for their exports.

　　在适当的动植物卫生检疫保护水平允许留有分阶段采用新的动植物卫生检疫措施的余地时，则应给予发展中国家成员有利害关系的产品较长的适应期，以维持其出口机会。

　　3. With a view to ensuring that developing country Members are able to comply with the provisions of this Agreement, the Committee is enabled to grant to such countries, upon request, specified, time-limited exceptions in whole or in part from obligations under this Agreement, taking into account their financial, trade and development needs.

　　为确保发展中国家成员能遵从本协议的规定，委员会有权根据这些成员的要求，并视其财政、贸易和发展的需要，允许这些国家对于本协议项下义务的全部或部分享有具体和有时限的例外。

　　4. Members should encourage and facilitate the active participation of developing country Members in the relevant international organizations.

　　各成员应鼓励和促进发展中国家成员积极参加有关的国际组织。

　　Article 11: Consultations and Dispute Settlement第十一条 磋商和争端解决

　　1. The provisions of Articles XXII and XXIII of GATT 1994 as elaborated and applied by the Dispute Settlement Understanding shall apply to consultations and the settlement of disputes under this Agreement, except as otherwise specifically provided herein.

　　除非另有特别规定，经争端解决谅解解释和适用的1994年关贸总协定第二十二条和第二十三条的规定，应适用于本协议的磋商和争端的解决。

　　2. In a dispute under this Agreement involving scientific or technical issues, a panel should seek advice from experts chosen by the panel in consultation with the parties to the dispute. To this end, the panel may, when it deems it appropriate, establish an advisory technical experts group, or consult the relevant international organizations, at the request of either party to the dispute or on its own initiative.

　　在本协议涉及科学或技术问题的争端中，专家组应征询由专家组与争端各方协商选出的专家的意见。为此，专家组可根据争端任何一方的要求或自己主动在它认为适当的时候，成立技术专家咨询组，或与有关的国际组织协商。

　　3. Nothing in this Agreement shall impair the rights of Members under other international agreements, including the right to resort to the good offices or dispute settlement mechanisms of other international organizations or established under any international agreement.

　　本协议中的任何内容不应损害成员在其他国际协议项下的权利，包括利用其他国际组织或根据任何国际协议建立的斡旋或争端解决机制的权利。

　　Article 12: Administration第十二条 管理

　　1. A Committee on Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures is hereby established to provide a regular forum for consultations. It shall carry out the functions necessary to implement the provisions of this Agreement and the furtherance of its objectives, in particular with respect to harmonization. The Committee shall reach its decisions by consensus.

　　现成立动植物卫生检疫委员会，为磋商提供一个经常性的场所。它应履行必要的职能，以执行本协议的各项规定，并推动其目标，特别是有关协调一致的目标的实现。委员会应通过一致同意作出决定。

　　2. The Committee shall encourage and facilitate ad hoc consultations or negotiations among Members on specific sanitary or phytosanitary issues. The Committee shall encourage the use of international standards, guidelines or recommendations by all Members and, in this regard, shall sponsor technical consultation and study with the objective of increasing coordination and integration between international and national systems and approaches for approving the use of food additives or for establishing tolerances for contaminants in foods, beverages or feedstuffs.

　　委员会应鼓励和促进各成员间就特定的动植物卫生检疫问题进行不定期的磋商或谈判。委员会应鼓励所有成员采用国际标准、准则和建议。在这方面，它应举办技术磋商并开展研究，以提高在批准使用食品添加剂，或确定食品、饮料或饲料中污染物允许量的国际与国家制度或方法方面的协调性和一致性。

　　3. The Committee shall maintain close contact with the relevant international organizations in the field of sanitary and phytosanitary protection, especially with the Codex Alimentarius Commission, the International Office of Epizootics, and the Secretariat of the International Plant Protection Convention, with the objective of securing the best available scientific and technical advice for the administration of this Agreement and in order to ensure that unnecessary duplication of effort is avoided.

　　委员会应在动植物卫生检疫保护领域同有关国际组织，特别是国际营养标准委员会、国际兽疫局和国际植物保护公约秘书处保持密切联系，以为执行本协议提供现有最佳的科学和技术咨询，并确保避免不必要的重复工作。

　　4. The Committee shall develop a procedure to monitor the process of international harmonization and the use of international standards, guidelines or recommendations. For this purpose, the Committee should, in conjunction with the relevant international organizations, establish a list of international standards, guidelines or recommendations relating to sanitary or phytosanitary measures which the Committee determines to have a major trade impact. The list should include an indication by Members of those international standards, guidelines or recommendations which they apply as conditions for import or on the basis of which imported products conforming to these standards can enjoy access to their markets. For those cases in which a Member does not apply an international standard, guideline or recommendation as a condition for import, the Member should provide an indication of the reason therefor, and, in particular, whether it considers that the standard is not stringent enough to provide the appropriate level of sanitary or phytosanitary protection. If a Member revises its position, following its indication of the use of a standard, guideline or recommendation as a condition for import, it should provide an explanation for its change and so inform the Secretariat as well as the relevant international organizations, unless such notification and explanation is given according to the procedures of Annex B.

　　委员会应制定程序，监督国际协调的进程及国际标准、准则或建议的采用。为此，委员会应同有关国际组织一起拟定一份它认为对贸易有重大影响的动植物卫生检疫措施方面的国际标准、准则或建议清单。该清单应包括各成员对国际标准、准则或建议所作的说明：哪些被用作进口的条件，或者在符合哪些标准的基础上进口产品才能进入他们的市场。在一成员不以国际标准、准则或建议作为进口条件的情况下，该成员应说明其理由，尤其是它是否认为该标准不够严格，因而无法提供适当的动植物卫生检疫保护水平。如果一成员在对采用标准、准则或建议作为进口条件作出说明之后又改变立场，则它应对改变作出解释，并通知秘书处以及有关国际组织，除非它已根据附件2的程序作出这样的通知和解释。

　　5. In order to avoid unnecessary duplication, the Committee may decide, as appropriate, to use the information generated by the procedures, particularly for notification, which are in operation in the relevant international organizations.

　　为避免不必要的重复，委员会可在适当时决定采用通过有关国际组织的运行程序，特别是通知程序所获取的信息。

　　6. The Committee may, on the basis of an initiative from one of the Members, through appropriate channels invite the relevant international organizations or their subsidiary bodies to examine specific matters with respect to a particular standard, guideline or recommendation, including the basis of explanations for non-use given according to paragraph 4.

　　委员会可根据一成员的提议，通过适当的渠道邀请有关国际组织或其分支机构审议与某个标准、准则或建议有关的具体问题，包括根据上述第4款对不采用有关标准所作解释的依据。

　　7. The Committee shall review the operation and implementation of this Agreement three years after the date of entry into force of the WTO Agreement, and thereafter as the need arises. Where appropriate, the Committee may submit to the Council for Trade in Goods proposals to amend the text of this Agreement having regard, inter alia, to the experience gained in its implementation.

　　委员会应在WTO协议生效之日起的3年后，并在此后需要时，对本协议的运作和执行情况加以审议。委员会在适当的时候，特别是根据在本协议执行过程中所取得的经验，可向货物贸易理事会提议修改本协议条款。

　　Article 13: Implementation第十三条 执行

　　Members are fully responsible under this Agreement for the observance of all obligations set forth herein. Members shall formulate and implement positive measures and mechanisms in support of the observance of the provisions of this Agreement by other than central government bodies. Members shall take such reasonable measures as may be available to them to ensure that non-governmental entities within their territories, as well as regional bodies in which relevant entities within their territories are members, comply with the relevant provisions of this Agreement. In addition, Members shall not take measures which have the effect of, directly or indirectly, requiring or encouraging such regional or non-governmental entities, or local governmental bodies, to act in a manner inconsistent with the provisions of this Agreement. Members shall ensure that they rely on the services of non-governmental entities for implementing sanitary or phytosanitary measures only if these entities comply with the provisions of this Agreement.

　　各成员有责任全面履行本协议中规定的所有义务。各成员应制定和执行积极措施和机制，以支持中央政府以外的机构遵守本协议的规定。各成员应采取现有合理的措施，以确保其境内的非政府实体、以及其境内有关实体是成员的地方机构，遵守本协议的有关规定。此外，各成员不应采取产生直接或间接地要求或鼓励这类地方或非政府实体、或地方政府机构以不符合本协议规定的方式行事影响的措施。各成员应确保只是在非政府实体遵守本协议规定时，才能依赖其为实施动植物卫生检疫措施而提供的服务。

　　Article 14: Final Provisions第十四条 最后条款

　　The least-developed country Members may delay application of the provisions of this Agreement for a period of five years following the date of entry into force of the WTO Agreement with respect to their sanitary or phytosanitary measures affecting importation or imported products. Other developing country Members may delay application of the provisions of this Agreement, other than paragraph 8 of Article 5 and Article 7, for two years following the date of entry into force of the WTO Agreement with respect to their existing sanitary or phytosanitary measures affecting importation or imported products, where such application is prevented by a lack of technical expertise, technical infrastructure or resources.

　　对于不发达国家成员影响进口或进口产品的动植物卫生检疫措施，最不发达国家成员可在WTO协议生效之日起推迟5年执行本协议的规定。对于其他发展中国家成员影响进口或进口产品的现行动植物卫生检疫措施，在由于缺乏技术知识、技术性基础设施或资源而妨碍实施时，发展中国家成员可在WTO协议生效之日起，推迟2年执行本协议的规定，但第五条第8款和第七条的规定除外。

　　Annex A: Definitions 附件1 定义

　　1. Sanitary or phytosanitary measure Any measure applied:

　　动植物卫生检疫措施--指任何一种措施，用以：

　　(a) to protect animal or plant life or health within the territory of the Member from risks arising from the entry, establishment or spread of pests, diseases, disease-carrying organisms or disease-causing organisms;

　　保护成员境内的动物或植物的生命或健康免受虫害、病害、带病有机体或致病有机体的传入、定居或传播所产生的风险;

　　(b) to protect human or animal life or health within the territory of the Member from risks arising from additives, contaminants, toxins or disease-causing organisms in foods, beverages or feedstuffs;

　　保护成员境内的人类或动物的生命或健康免受食品、饮料或饲料中的添加剂、污染物、毒素或致病有机体所产生的风险;

　　(c) to protect human life or health within the territory of the Member from risks arising from diseases carried by animals, plants or products thereof, or from the entry, establishment or spread of pests; or

　　保护成员境内的人类的生命或健康免受动物、植物或动植物产品携带的病害，或虫害的传入、定居或传播所产生的风险;

　　(d) to prevent or limit other damage within the territory of the Member from the entry, establishment or spread of pests.

　　防止或限制成员境内因虫害的传入、定居或传播所产生的其他损害。

　　Sanitary or phytosanitary measures include all relevant laws, decrees, regulations, requirements and procedures including, inter alia, end product criteria; processes and production methods; testing, inspection, certification and approval procedures; quarantine treatments including relevant requirements associated with the transport of animals or plants, or with the materials necessary for their survival during transport; provisions on relevant statistical methods, sampling procedures and methods of risk assessment; and packaging and labelling requirements directly related to food safety.

　　动植物卫生检疫措施包括所有有关的法律、法令、规定、要求和程序，特别包括最终产品标准;加工和生产方法;检测，检验，出证和批准程序;检疫处理，包括与动物或植物运输有关或与在运输途中为维持动植物生存所需物质有关的要求在内的检疫处理;有关统计方法、抽样程序和风险评估方法的规定;以及与食品安全直接相关的包装和标签要求。

　　2. Harmonization The establishment, recognition and application of common sanitary and phytosanitary measures by different Members.

　　协调一致--由成员共同制定、承认和实施的动植物卫生检疫措施。

　　3. International standards, guidelines and recommendations国际标准、准则和建议。

　　(a) for food safety, the standards, guidelines and recommendations established by the Codex Alimentarius Commission relating to food additives, veterinary drug and pesticide residues, contaminants, methods of analysis and sampling, and codes and guidelines of hygienic practice;

　　在食品安全方面，指国际营养标准委员会制定的有关食品添加剂，兽药和除虫剂残存物、污染物，分析和抽样方法的标准、准则和建议，以及卫生惯例的守则和准则;

　　(b) for animal health and zoonoses, the standards, guidelines and recommendations developed under the auspices of the International Office of Epizootics;

　　在动物健康和寄生虫病方面，指国际兽疫局主持制定的标准、准则和建议;

　　(c) for plant health, the international standards, guidelines and recommendations developed under the auspices of the Secretariat of the International Plant Protection Convention in cooperation with regional organizations operating within the framework of the International Plant Protection Convention; and

　　在植物健康方面，指国际植物保护公约秘书处与该公约框架下运行的区域性组织合作制定的国际标准、准则和建议;

　　(d) for matters not covered by the above organizations, appropriate standards, guidelines and recommendations promulgated by other relevant international organizations open for membership to all Members, as identified by the Committee.

　　在上述机构未尽事宜方面，指经委员会认可，由向所有成员实施都开放的其他有关国际组织公布的适当的标准、准则和建议。

　　4. Risk assessment The evaluation of the likelihood of entry, establishment or spread of a pest or disease within the territory of an importing Member according to the sanitary or phytosanitary measures which might be applied, and of the associated potential biological and economic consequences; or the evaluation of the potential for adverse effects on human or animal health arising from the presence of additives, contaminants, toxins or disease-causing organisms in food, beverages or feedstuffs.

　　风险评估--根据可能实施的动植物卫生检疫措施来评价虫害或病害在进口成员境内传入、定居或传播的可能性，以及相关的潜在生物和经济后果;或评价食品、饮料或饲料中存在添加剂、污染物、毒素或致病有机体对人类或动物的健康产生的潜在不利影响。

　　5. Appropriate level of sanitary or phytosanitary protection The level of protection deemed appropriate by the Member establishing a sanitary or phytosanitary measure to protect human, animal or plant life or health within its territory.

　　适当的动植物卫生检疫保护水平--制定动植物卫生检疫措施以保护其境内的人类、动物或植物的生命或健康的成员所认为合适的保护水平。

　　NOTE: Many Members otherwise refer to this concept as the acceptable level of risk.

　　注：很多成员国有时将此含义看做可接受风险水平

　　6. Pest- or disease-free area An area, whether all of a country, part of a country, or all or parts of several countries, as identified by the competent authorities, in which a specific pest or disease does not occur.

　　非疫区--经主管当局认定无某种虫害或病害发生的地区，这可以是一个国家的全部或部分，或几个国家的全部或部分。

　　NOTE: A pest- or disease-free area may surround, be surrounded by, or be adjacent to an area whether within part of a country or in a geographic region which includes parts of or all of several countries in which a specific pest or disease is known to occur but is subject to regional control measures such as the establishment of protection, surveillance and buffer zones which will confine or eradicate the pest or disease in question.

　　注：非疫区可以在一个区域的周围或附近该区域可以是国家内的一部分，也可以是几个国家的全部或部分在该区域内会有某种虫害或病害发生，但在区域控制措施范围内，这些控制措施包括成立保护监管和缓冲区控制或消除虫害或病害。

　　7.Area of low pest or disease prevalence An area, whether all of a country, part of a country, or all or parts of several countries, as identified by the competent authorities, in which a specific pest or disease occurs at low levels and which is subject to effective surveillance, control or eradication measures.

　　病虫害低度流行区--经主管当局认定，某种虫害或病害发生水平低，并采取了有效的监督、控制或根除措施的地区，这可以是一个国家的全部或部分地区，或者是几个国家的全部或部分地区。

　　Annex B: Transparency Of Sanitary And Phytosanitary Regulations

　　附件2 动植物卫生检疫规定的透明度

　　Publication of regulations法规的公布

　　1. Members shall ensure that all sanitary and phytosanitary regulations(5) which have been adopted are published promptly in such a manner as to enable interested Members to become acquainted with them.

　　各成员应确保将所有已获通过的动植物卫生检疫法规及时公布，以便感兴趣的成员能熟悉它们。

　　2. Except in urgent circumstances, Members shall allow a reasonable interval between the publication of a sanitary or phytosanitary regulation and its entry into force in order to allow time for producers in exporting Members, and particularly in developing country Members, to adapt their products and methods of production to the requirements of the importing Member.

　　除紧急情况外，各成员应允许在动植物卫生检疫法规的公布和开始生效之间有合理的时间间隔，以便让出口成员，尤其是发展中国家成员的生产商有足够的时间调整其产品和生产方法，以适应进口成员的要求。

　　Enquiry points咨询点

　　3. Each Member shall ensure that one enquiry point exists which is responsible for the provision of answers to all reasonable questions from interested Members as well as for the provision of relevant documents regarding:

　　每个成员应确保设立一个咨询点，负责对感兴趣的成员提出的所有合理问题提供答复，并提供下列有关文件：

　　(a) any sanitary or phytosanitary regulations adopted or proposed within its territory;

　　在其境内采用或准备采用的任何动植物卫生检疫法规;

　　(b) any control and inspection procedures, production and quarantine treatment, pesticide tolerance and food additive approval procedures, which are operated within its territory;

　　在其境内运行的任何控制和检验程序，生产和检疫处理、杀虫剂残留允许量和食品添加剂批准程序;

　　(c) risk assessment procedures, factors taken into consideration, as well as the determination of the appropriate level of sanitary or phytosanitary protection;

　　风险评估程序，所考虑的因素，以及适当的动植物卫生检疫保护水平的确定;

　　(d) the membership and participation of the Member, or of relevant bodies within its territory, in international and regional sanitary and phytosanitary organizations and systems, as well as in bilateral and multilateral agreements and arrangements within the scope of this Agreement, and the texts of such agreements and arrangements.

　　成员或其境内的有关机构在国际和区域性动植物卫生检疫组织和体系，以及在本协议范围内双边和多边协议和安排中的成员资格和参与情况，以及这类协议和安排的文本。

　　4. Members shall ensure that where copies of documents are requested by interested Members, they are supplied at the same price (if any), apart from the cost of delivery, as to the nationals(6) of the Member concerned.

　　各成员应确保在感兴趣的成员索要文件副本时，除运送成本外，应接向该成员国民提供的相同价格(如有的话)提供。

　　Notification procedures通知程序

　　Whenever an international standard, guideline or recommendation does not exist or the content of a proposed sanitary or phytosanitary regulation is not substantially the same as the content of an international standard, guideline or recommendation, and if the regulation may have a significant effect on trade of other Members, Members shall:

　　当国际标准、准则或建议不存在或所提议的动植物卫生检疫规定的内容与国际标准、准则或建议的内容实质上不一致;并且如果规定对其他成员的贸易有重大影响，各成员应：

　　(a) publish a notice at an early stage in such a manner as to enable interested Members to become acquainted with the proposal to introduce a particular regulation;

　　及早发布通知，以便感兴趣的成员能熟悉含有某特定规定的提案;

　　(b) notify other Members, through the Secretariat, of the products to be covered by the regulation together with a brief indication of the objective and rationale of the proposed regulation. Such notifications shall take place at an early stage, when amendments can still be introduced and comments taken into account;

　　通过秘书处通知其他成员有关规定所涉及的产品，并对所提议的规定的目的和理由作一简要说明。这类通知应尽早在规定仍可以修改和采纳意见时发出;

　　(c) provide upon request to other Members copies of the proposed regulation and, whenever possible, identify the parts which in substance deviate from international standards, guidelines or recommendations;

　　根据要求向其他成员提供所提议的规定的副本，并在可能的情况下，标明与国际标准、准则或建议有实质性偏离的部分;

　　(d) without discrimination, allow reasonable time for other Members to make comments in writing, discuss these comments upon request, and take the comments and the results of the discussions into account.

　　在无歧视的前提下，给其他成员以合理的时间作书面评论，并根据要求讨论这些评论，并对这些评论和讨论结果加以考虑。

　　6. However, where urgent problems of health protection arise or threaten to arise for a Member, that Member may omit such of the steps enumerated in paragraph 5 of this Annex as it finds necessary, provided that the Member:

　　然而，当一成员发生或出现发生紧急的健康保护问题的威胁时，该成员可在必要的情况下省略本附件第5款中所列举的这些步骤，但该成员必须：

　　(a) immediately notifies other Members, through the Secretariat, of the particular regulation and the products covered, with a brief indication of the objective and the rationale of the regulation, including the nature of the urgent problem(s);

　　立即通过秘书处通知其他成员特定的法规及其涉及的产 品，并简要说明该规定的目的和理由，其中包括紧急问题的性质;

　　(b) provides, upon request, copies of the regulation to other Members;

　　根据要求向其他成员提供规定副本;

　　(c) allows other Members to make comments in writing, discusses these comments upon request, and takes the comments and the results of the discussions into account.

　　允许其他成员作书面评论，并根据要求对这些评论进行讨论，并对这些评论和讨论结果加以考虑。

　　7. Notifications to the Secretariat shall be in English, French or Spanish.

　　给秘书处的通知应使用英文、法文或西班牙文。

　　8. Developed country Members shall, if requested by other Members, provide copies of the documents or, in case of voluminous documents, summaries of the documents covered by a specific notification in English, French or Spanish.

　　发达国家成员根据其他成员的要求，应提供文件副本。若是多卷文件，则提供一份用英文、法文或西班牙文书写的具体的通知并附上所涉及的文件的摘要。

　　9. The Secretariat shall promptly circulate copies of the notification to all Members and interested international organizations and draw the attention of developing country Members to any notifications relating to products of particular interest to them.

　　秘书处应及时将通知的副本散发给所有成员和感兴趣的国际组织，并提请发展中国家成员，对涉及其特殊利益产品的通知引起注意。

　　10. Members shall designate a single central government authority as responsible for the implementation, on the national level, of the provisions concerning notification procedures according to paragraphs 5, 6, 7 and 8 of this Annex.

　　各成员应指定一个中央政府机构，由其负责按照本附件第5、6、7和8款的规定在全国范围内负责执行有关通知程序。

　　General reservations一般保留

　　11. Nothing in this Agreement shall be construed as requiring:本协议内容不应解释为要求：

　　(a) the provision of particulars or copies of drafts or the publication of texts other than in the language of the Member except as stated in paragraph 8 of this Annex; or

　　用成员语文以外的语文提供草案细节或副本，公布文本内容，但本附件第8款规定除外;

　　(b) Members to disclose confidential information which would impede enforcement of sanitary or phytosanitary legislation or which would prejudice the legitimate commercial interests of particular enterprises.

　　各成员公开那些会阻碍动植物卫生检疫立法的实施，或会损害某些企业合法的商业利益的机密资料。

　　Annex C: Control, Inspection And Approval Procedures 附件3 控制检验和批准程序

　　1. Members shall ensure, with respect to any procedure to check and ensure the fulfilment of sanitary or phytosanitary measures, that:

　　关于检查和确保执行动植物卫生检疫措施的任何程序，各成员应确保：

　　(a) such procedures are undertaken and completed without undue delay and in no less favourable manner for imported products than for like domestic products;

　　在执行和完成这类程序时没有不适当的延误，给予进口产品的待遇不低于类似的国内产品;

　　(b) the standard processing period of each procedure is published or that the anticipated processing period is communicated to the applicant upon request; when receiving an application, the competent body promptly examines the completeness of the documentation and informs the applicant in a precise and complete manner of all deficiencies; the competent body transmits as soon as possible the results of the procedure in a precise and complete manner to the applicant so that corrective action may be taken if necessary; even when the application has deficiencies, the competent body proceeds as far as practicable with the procedure if the applicant so requests; and that upon request, the applicant is informed of the stage of the procedure, with any delay being explained;

　　公布每个程序的标准处理期限，或根据请求将预期的处理期限向申请人传达。主管机构在接到申请后立即检查文件的完整性，并以准确、完整的方式通知申请人所有不足之处;主管机构尽快以准确、完整的方式向申请人传递程序结果，以便申请人在必要时采取纠正措施;根据申请人的要求，即使在申请有不足之处时，主管机构也尽可能继续执行该程序，并根据要求，通知申请人程序的执行阶段，并对任何延误作出解释;

　　(c) information requirements are limited to what is necessary for appropriate control, inspection and approval procedures, including for approval of the use of additives or for the establishment of tolerances for contaminants in food, beverages or feedstuffs;

　　对信息的要求局限于控制、检验和批准程序的适当需要，包括批准使用添加剂或为制定食品、饮料或饲料中的污染物的允许量所必要的限度;

　　(d) the confidentiality of information about imported products arising from or supplied in connection with control, inspection and approval is respected in a way no less favourable than for domestic products and in such a manner that legitimate commercial interests are protected;

　　在控制、检验和批准过程中，有关产生或提供的进口产品信息的机密性得到尊重，其方式不应低于国内产品，并使合法的商业利益得到保护;

　　(e) any requirements for control, inspection and approval of individual specimens of a product are limited to what is reasonable and necessary;

　　对产品的单个样品的任何控制、检验和批准要求要视其合理性和必要性而定;

　　(f) any fees imposed for the procedures on imported products are equitable in relation to any fees charged on like domestic products or products originating in any other Member and should be no higher than the actual cost of the service;

　　对进口产品程序征收的任何费用与国内类似产品或来自任何其他成员的产品所征收的费用相当，且不高出其服务的实际成本;

　　(g) the same criteria should be used in the siting of facilities used in the procedures and the selection of samples of imported products as for domestic products so as to minimize the inconvenience to applicants, importers, exporters or their agents;

　　程序中使用的设备装置的设点以及进口产品样品的选择应使用与国内产品相同的标准，以便将申请人、进口商、出口商或其代理人的不便减少到最低程度;

　　(h) whenever specifications of a product are changed subsequent to its control and inspection in light of the applicable regulations, the procedure for the modified product is limited to what is necessary to determine whether adequate confidence exists that the product still meets the regulations concerned; and

　　根据适用的规定，由于控制和检验后产品的规格发生了变化，则经过改进的产品程序仅限于决定是否对该产品仍然符合有关规定有充分的信心的必要范围内;

　　(i) a procedure exists to review complaints concerning the operation of such procedures and to take corrective action when a complaint is justified.

　　建立一种程序来审议对有关这类程序运行的投诉，且当投诉合理时采取纠正措施;

　　1. Where an importing Member operates a system for the approval of the use of food additives or for the establishment of tolerances for contaminants in food, beverages or feedstuffs which prohibits or restricts access to its domestic markets for products based on the absence of an approval, the importing Member shall consider the use of a relevant international standard as the basis for access until a final determination is made.

　　当进口成员实行一种批准使用食品添加剂，或制定食品、饮料或饲料中污染允许量的体系，而这一体系禁止或限制未获批准的产品进入其国内市场时，进口成员应考虑使用有关国际标准作为进入市场的依据，直到作出最后决定为止。

　　2. Where a sanitary or phytosanitary measure specifies control at the level of production, the Member in whose territory the production takes place shall provide the necessary assistance to facilitate such control and the work of the controlling authorities.

　　若一种动植物卫生检疫措施规定在生产阶段实行控制，则在其境内进行生产的成员应提供必要的帮助，以便利这种控制及控制机构工作。

　　3. Nothing in this Agreement shall prevent Members from carrying out reasonable inspection within their own territories.

　　本协议内容不应阻碍各成员在其境内进行合理的检验。