美国统一商法典 （中英文 第4-101至4-405款）

　　U.C.C. - ARTICLE 4 - BANK DEPOSITS AND COLLECTIONS银行存款和收款

　　PART 1. GENERAL PROVISIONS AND DEFINITIONS [Table of Contents]一般规定和定义

　　§ 4-101. SHORT TITLE. 简称

　　This Article may be cited as Uniform Commercial Code Bank Deposits and Collections. 本篇可以被引用为《统一商法典》银行存款和收款。

　　§ 4-102. APPLICABILITY. 适用性

　　(a) To the extent that items within this Article are also within Articles 3 and 8, they are subject to those Articles. If there is conflict, this Article governs Article 3, but Article 8 governs this Article.

　　(b) The liability of a bank for action or non-action with respect to an item handled by it for purposes of presentment, payment, or collection is governed by the law of the place where the bank is located. In the case of action or non-action by or at a branch or separate office of a bank, its liability is governed by the law of the place where the branch or separate office is located.

　　(a) 本篇、第3篇、第8篇内的项目范围内，受本篇调整。若有冲突，本篇优先于第3篇，但第8篇优先于本篇。

　　(b) 银行关于由其基于提示、付款、或收款目的处理的项目的作为或不作为的责任受银行所在地的法律调整。在该作为或不作为是银行的分支机构或其独立办事处的行为时，其责任受分支机构或独立办事处所在地的法律调整。

　　§ 4-103. VARIATION BY AGREEMENT; MEASURE OF DAMAGES; ACTION CONSTITUTING ORDINARY CARE.

　　协议变更; 损害赔偿的计算; 构成通常的注意的行为.

　　(a) The effect of the provisions of this Article may be varied by agreement , but the parties to the agreement cannot disclaim a bank's responsibility for its lack of good faith or failure to exercise ordinary care or limit the measure of damages for the lack or failure. However, the parties may determine by agreement the standards by which the bank's responsibility is to be measured if those standards are not manifestly unreasonable.

　　(b) Federal Reserve regulations and operating circulars, clearing-house rules, and the like have the effect of agreements under subsection (a), whether or not specifically assented to by all parties interested in items handled.

　　(c) Action or non-action approved by this Article or pursuant to Federal Reserve regulations or operating circulars is the exercise of ordinary care and, in the absence of special instructions, action or non-action consistent with clearing-house rules and the like or with a general banking usage not disapproved by this Article, is prima facie the exercise of ordinary care.

　　(d) The specification or approval of certain procedures by this Article is not disapproval of other procedures that may be reasonable under the circumstances.

　　(e) The measure of damages for failure to exercise ordinary care in handling an item is the amount of the item reduced by an amount that could not have been realized by the exercise of ordinary care. If there is also bad faith it includes any other damages the party suffered as a proximate consequence.

　　(a) 本篇规定的效力可以协议变更，但协议的当事人不得放弃银行对于下列行为的责任：由于缺乏善意、或不能行使通常注意义务、或限制由于其缺乏或不能所导致的损害赔偿的衡量。但，当事人可以协议决定衡量银行责任的标准，如果那些标准不是明显不合理。

　　(b) 联邦储备规则和操作细则、票据交换所规则、及类似的规章有(a)款下的协议的效力，无论是否由被处理的项目的利益相关的所有当事人明确同意。

　　(c) 本篇批准的、或者依照联邦储备规则或操作细则作为或不作为，是通常注意的行使，在没有特别指令时，作为或不作为不违反票据交换所规则、类似规则、或本篇本篇不禁止的一般的银行业惯例，是行使通常的注意义务的初步证据。

　　(d) 本篇一定的程序或批准不是违反可能在具体情况下是合理的其他程序的禁止。

　　(e) 在处理一个项目时未尽通常的注意义务而导致的损害赔偿的计算通过尽通常的注意义务不可能实现的金额减去该项目的金额。如果也有恶意，其包括当事人由此直接遭受的任何其他损害赔偿金。

　　§ 4-104. DEFINITIONS AND INDEX OF DEFINITIONS. 定义与定义索引.

　　(a) In this Article, unless the context otherwise requires:

　　(1) "Account" means any deposit or credit account with a bank , including a demand, time, savings, passbook, share draft, or like account, other than an account evidenced by a certificate of deposit;

　　(2) "Afternoon" means the period of a day between noon and midnight;

　　(3) "Banking day" means the part of a day on which a bank is open to the public for carrying on substantially all of its banking functions;

　　(4) "Clearing house" means an association of banks or other payors regularly clearing items;

　　(a) 在本篇中，除非另有规定：

　　(1) "帐户" 指银行的任何存款或信用帐户，包括查询、时间、储蓄、存折、共享汇票、或者类似的帐户，除存款单证明的帐户之外;

　　(2) "下午" 指一天中在中午和午夜之间的时间段;

　　(3) "银行营业日" 指一天中银行对公众开放，充分运行其所有银行功能的期间;

　　(4) "票据交换所" 指定期交换项目的银行或其他付款人的联合;

　　(5) "Customer" means a person having an account with a bank or for whom a bank has agreed to collect items, including a bank that maintains an account at another bank;

　　(6) "Documentary draft" means a draft to be presented for acceptance or payment if specified documents, certificated securities (Section 8-102) or instructions for uncertificated securities (Section 8-102), or other certificates, statements, or the like are to be received by the drawee or other payor before acceptance or payment of the draft;

　　(7) "Draft" means a draft as defined in Section 3-104 or an item, other than an instrument, that is an order.

　　(8) "Drawee" means a person ordered in a draft to make payment.

　　(9) "Item" means an instrument or a promise or order to pay money handled by a bank for collection or payment. The term does not include a payment order governed by Article 4A or a credit or debit card slip;

　　(5) "消费者" 指在一个银行持有一个帐户的人，或者一个银行同意为他手机一个项目的人，包括在另一个银行维持一个帐户的银行;

　　(6) "押汇汇票" 指一张提交为承兑或付款的汇票，如果在汇票的承兑或付款以前，付款人或其他付款人指定的文件、证书证券(§ 8-102)或无证书证券(§ 8-102)的指示、或其他证书、陈述、或类似物;

　　(7) "汇票" 指§ 3-104规定的汇票，或者除票据之外，作为一项指示的项目。

　　(8) "付款人" 指在汇票中指定的作出付款的人。

　　(9) "项目" 指支付一个银行为收款或付款目的而处理的金钱的一张票据或一项承诺或指令。该术语不包括第4a篇调整的付款指令或者银行存款或债务卡;

　　(10) "Midnight deadline" with respect to a bank is midnight on its next banking day following the banking day on which it receives the relevant item or notice or from which the time for taking action commences to run, whichever is later;

　　(11) "Settle" means to pay in cash, by clearing-house settlement, in a charge or credit or by remittance, or otherwise as agreed. A settlement may be either provisional or final.

　　(12) "Suspends payments" with respect to a bank means that it has been closed by order of the supervisory authorities, that a public officer has been appointed to take it over, or that it ceases or refuses to make payments in the ordinary course of business.

　　(b) Other definitions applying to this Article and the sections in which they appear are:

　　(10) 关于一个银行，"午夜期限" 是午夜，在银行收到相关的项目或通知之日的下一个工作日的午夜，或者引起诉讼开始之日的下一个工作日的午夜，无论何者在后;

　　(11) "结算" 指通过票据交换所结算，在清算中的或通过汇款、或协议的其他方式，进行先进付款。结算可以是临时性的也可以是终局性的。

　　(12) 关于一个银行，"中止付款"指其已经被监督权力关闭，一个公众的官员已经被指定去接管它，或者其停止或拒绝作出付款在通常的商务过程中。

　　(b) 适用于本篇的其他定义及本条出现的定义是：

　　(d) In addition, Article 1 contains general definitions and principles of construction and interpretation applicable throughout this Article.

　　(d) 另外，第1篇包含的一般定义和解释原则和解释适用于本篇。

　　§ 4-105. "BANK"; "DEPOSITARY BANK"; "PAYOR BANK"; "INTERMEDIARY BANK"; "COLLECTING BANK"; "PRESENTING BANK".

　　"银行"; "存款银行"; "付款行"; "中间银行"; "收款行"; "提示行".

　　In this Article : 在本篇中 :

　　(1) "Bank" means a person engaged in the business of banking, including a savings bank, savings and loan association, credit union, or trust company.

　　(2) "Depositary bank" means the first bank to take an item even though it is also the payor bank, unless the item is presented for immediate payment over the counter;

　　(3) "Payor bank" means a bank that is the drawee of a draft;

　　(4) "Intermediary bank" means a bank to which an item is transferred in course of collection except the depositary or payor bank;

　　(5) "Collecting bank" means a bank handling an item for collection except the payor bank;

　　(6) "Presenting bank" means a bank presenting an item except a payor bank.

　　(1) 银行 指从事银行业的人，包括存款行、储蓄贷款社(savings and loan association)、信用合作社(credit union)、或信托公司(trust company)。

　　(2) "存款银行" 指第一个取得项目的银行即使其也是付款行，除非该项目被提交基于在柜台上即时付款的目的;

　　(3) "付款行" 指汇票的付款人的银行;

　　(4) "中间银行" 指除存款行或付款行外，在收款过程中受让一个项目的银行;

　　(5) "收款行" 指除付款行外，因收款处理一个项目的银行;

　　(6) "提示行" 指除付款行外，提示一个项目的银行。

　　§ 4-106. PAYABLE THROUGH OR PAYABLE AT BANK; COLLECTING BANK.

　　通过银行支付或在银行支付; 收款行.

　　(a) If an item states that it is "payable through" a bank identified in the item, (i) the item designates the bank as a collecting bank and does not by itself authorize the bank to pay the item, and (ii) the item may be presented for payment only by or through the bank.

　　Alternative A

　　(b) If an item states that it is "payable at" a bank identified in the item, the item is equivalent to a draft drawn on the bank.

　　Alternative B

　　(b) If an item states that it is "payable at" a bank identified in the item, (i) the item designates the bank as a collecting bank and does not by itself authorize the bank to pay the item, and (ii) the item may be presented for payment only by or through the bank.

　　(c) If a draft names a nonbank drawee and it is unclear whether a bank named in the draft is a co-drawee or a collecting bank, the bank is a collecting bank.

　　(a) 如果一个项目规定其应付款通过一个该项目特定的银行，(i) 该项目指定该银行为收款行其本身不授权该银行对该项目付款，及(ii) 该项目仅仅可以由该银行或通过该银行提示付款。

　　选项 a

　　(b) 如果一个项目规定其应付款在一个该项目特定的银行，该项目等等价于在该银行提取的汇票。

　　选项 b

　　(b) 如果一个项目规定其应付款在一个该项目特定的银行，(i) 该项目指定该银行为收款行，其本身不授权该银行对该项目付款，及(ii) 该项目仅仅可以由该银行或通过该银行提示付款。

　　(c) 如果一张汇票指定一个非银行付款人并且不清楚该汇票指定的银行是否是联合付款人还是一个收款银行，该银行是一个收款银行。

　　§ 4-107. SEPARATE OFFICE OF BANK. 银行的独立办事处.

　　A branch or separate office of a bank is a separate bank for the purpose of computing the time within which and determining the place at or to which action may be taken or notice or orders must be given under this Article and under Article 3.

　　银行的分支机构或独立办事处是一个独立的银行，根据本篇与第3篇必须提起诉讼、作出通知或指令，基于计算诉讼可以提起的时间、决定诉讼可以提起的地点或诉讼可以向其提起的目的。

　　§ 4-108. TIME OF RECEIPT OF ITEMS. 收到项目的时间

　　(a) For the purpose of allowing time to process items, prove balances, and make the necessary entries on its books to determine its position for the day, a bank may fix an afternoon hour of 2 P.M. or later as a cutoff hour for the handling of money and items and the making of entries on its books.

　　(b) An item or deposit of money received on any day after a cutoff hour so fixed or after the close of the banking day may be treated as being received at the opening of the next banking day.

　　(a) 基于给予下列行为时间的目的：处理项目、核算平衡(prove balances)、以及在其册薄上作出必要登录以确定该日的位置，一个银行可以确定下午2点及以后的时间作为处理金钱以及在其册薄上作出登录的交接时间。

　　(b) 在确定的交接时间后的任何日期，或者在银行营业日结束之后，收到的一个项目或活期存款可以被视为在下一个银行营业日开始时收到。

　　§ 4-109. DELAYS. 迟延.

　　(a) Unless otherwise instructed, a collecting bank in a good faith effort to secure payment of a specific item drawn on a payor other than a bank, and with or without the approval of any person involved, may waive, modify, or extend time limits imposed or permitted by this [Act] for a period not exceeding two additional banking days without discharge of drawers or indorsers or liability to its transferor or a prior party.

　　(b) Delay by a collecting bank or payor bank beyond time limits prescribed or permitted by this [Act] or by instructions is excused if (i) the delay is caused by interruption of communication or computer facilities, suspension of payments by another bank, war, emergency conditions, failure of equipment, or other circumstances beyond the control of the bank , and (ii) the bank exercises such diligence as the circumstances require.

　　(a) 除 非另有指示，收款行善意地努力担保一项付款，该付款是除银行之外的付款人处提取的特别项目的付款，并且有或无相关人的批准，可以放弃、变更或扩展本[法 案] 规定或允许的时间限制，不超过两个银行营业日，不解除出票人或背书人或对其让与人或在前当事人的责任。

　　(b) 收款行或付款行超过本 [法案]规定或许可或指令的时间限制的迟延被免除，如果(i) 该迟延是由于下列原因所引起：通讯中断或电脑设备故障、其他银行中止付款、战争、意外事件、设备故障、或在银行控制之外的其他详情，及 (ii)该银行尽了当时的详情要求的勤勉义务。

　　§ 4-110. ELECTRONIC PRESENTMENT. "电子提示

　　(a) "Agreement for electronic presentment" means an agreement, clearing-house rule, or Federal Reserve regulation or operating circular, providing that presentment of an item may be made by transmission of an image of an item or information describing the item ("presentment notice") rather than delivery of the item itself. The agreement may provide for procedures governing retention, presentment, payment, dishonor, and other matters concerning items subject to the agreement.

　　(b) Presentment of an item pursuant to an agreement for presentment is made when the presentment notice is received.

　　(c) If presentment is made by presentment notice, a reference to "item" or "check" in this Article means the presentment notice unless the context otherwise indicates.

　　(a) "电子提示协议" 指一份协议、票据交换所规则、或联邦储备规则或操作函件，规定可以通过传输一个项目的图像或规定该项目的信息 ("提示通知") 作出一个项目的提示，而非项目本身的交付。该协议可以规定，调整保留、提示、付款、拒付、及其他涉及该项目的事项的程序不受该协议的影响。

　　(b) 一个项目的提示依照以份提示协议作出当该提示通知被收到时。

　　(c) 如果通过提示通知作出提示，在本篇中提及的"项目"或"支票"指提示通知，除非另有相反规定。

　　§ 4-111. STATUTE OF LIMITATIONS. 法定时效.

　　An action to enforce an obligation, duty, or right arising under this Article must be commenced within three years after the [cause of action] accrues.

　　一个诉讼去执行一项债务、义务、或在本篇下的权利，必须被提起在3年内在[诉讼原因]发生之后。

　　PART 2. COLLECTION OF ITEMS: DEPOSITARY AND COLLECTING BANKS [Table of Contents] 项目的收款: 存款行和收款行

　　§ 4-201. STATUS OF COLLECTING BANK AS AGENT AND PROVISIONAL STATUS OF CREDITS; APPLICABILITY OF ARTICLE; ITEM INDORSED "PAY ANY BANK".

　　收款行作为代理人的身份以及临时性的信用身份; 本篇的适用性; 银行付款背书的项目.

　　(a) Unless a contrary intent clearly appears and before the time that a settlement given by a collecting bank for an item is or becomes final, the bank, with respect to the item, is an agent or sub-agent of the owner of the item and any settlement given for the item is provisional. This provision applies regardless of the form of indorsement or lack of indorsement and even though credit given for the item is subject to immediate withdrawal as of right or is in fact withdrawn; but the continuance of ownership of an item by its owner and any rights of the owner to proceeds of the item are subject to rights of a collecting bank, such as those resulting from outstanding advances on the item and rights of recoupment or setoff. If an item is handled by banks for purposes of presentment, payment , collection, or return, the relevant provisions of this Article apply even though action of the parties clearly establishes that a particular bank has purchased the item and is the owner of it.

　　(a) 除非一个相反的意图清楚地表明，并且在收款行对 于一个项目的结算已终止或将终止之前，关于该项目，该银行是该项目的所有人的代理人或次代理人，并且，对该项目的任何结算都是临时性的。本规定适用，而不 管背书的形式或没有背书，并且即使给予该项目的信用受权利的直接撤回或事实上的撤回影响;但一个项目的所有人对其所有权的保持以及所有人对该项目的收益的 任何权利受收款行的权利的影响，例如由于在该项目上的显著的预付款产生的权利，赔偿权和抵消权。如果一个项目由银行基于提示、付款、收款、或退回的目的而 持有，本篇的相关规定适用，即使当事人的诉讼清楚地证明一个特定的银行已经购买该项目并且是其所有权人。

　　(b) After an item has been indorsed with the words "pay any bank" or the like, only a bank may acquire the rights of a holder until the item has been:

　　(1) returned to the customer initiating collection; or

　　(2) specially indorsed by a bank to a person who is not a bank.

　　(b) 在一个项目已经被背书用银行付款或类似的词语之后，仅仅一个银行可以主张持票人的权利直到该项目已经被：

　　(1) 退回给指示收款的消费者;或

　　(2) 由一个银行特别背书给一个不是银行的人。

　　§ 4-202. RESPONSIBILITY FOR COLLECTION OR RETURN; WHEN ACTION TIMELY. 收款或推开责任; 及时诉讼的时间.

　　(a) A collecting bank must exercise ordinary care in:

　　(1) presenting an item or sending it for presentment;

　　(2) sending notice of dishonor or nonpayment or returning an item other than a documentary draft to the bank's transferor after learning that the item has not been paid or accepted, as the case may be;

　　(3) settling for an item when the bank receives final settlement; and

　　(4) notifying its transferor of any loss or delay in transit within a reasonable time after discovery thereof.

　　(b) A collecting bank exercises ordinary care under subsection (a) by taking proper action before its midnight deadline following receipt of an item, notice, or settlement. Taking proper action within a reasonably longer time may constitute the exercise of ordinary care, but the bank has the burden of establishing timeliness.

　　(c) Subject to subsection (a)(1), a bank is not liable for the insolvency, neglect, misconduct, mistake, or default of another bank or person or for loss or destruction of an item in the possession of others or in transit .

　　(a) 收款行必须行使通常的注意义务在下列情形：

　　(1) 提示一个项目或送达该项目以提示;

　　(2) 在可能的情形，在知道该项目尚未被付款或承兑之后，发送拒兑、不付款、退回除押汇汇票之外的项目的通知给该银行的让与人;

　　(3) 当该银行收到最后的结算时，结算一个项目;及

　　(4) 在发现之后，在合理的时间内，通知其让与人任何损失或运输迟延。

　　(b) 收款行行使在 (a)款下的通常的注意义务，在收到一个项目、通知或结算单后的午夜期限之前，通过提起合适的诉讼。在一个适当更长的期间提起合适的诉讼，可以构成行使通常的注意义务，但银行负担证明该时间的举证责任。

　　(c) 受(a)(1)影响，银行不应对其他银行或其他人的破产、疏忽、不当行为、过失或违约负责任，以及其他人占有或运输途中的项目的损失或毁坏。

　　§ 4-203. EFFECT OF INSTRUCTIONS. 指示的效力.

　　Subject to Article 3 concerning conversion of instruments (Section 3-420) and restrictive indorsements (Section 3-206), only a collecting bank's transferor can give instructions that affect the bank or constitute notice to it, and a collecting bank is not liable to prior parties for any action taken pursuant to the instructions or in accordance with any agreement with its transferor.

　　受第3篇关于票据转换(§ 3-420) 及限制性背书(§ 3-206)的规定的影响，仅仅收款行的让与人可以给予影响该银行的指示或向其颁布通知，并且，收款行不对在前的当事人依照该指示或依照与其让与人的任何协议提起的任何诉讼负责任。

　　§ 4-204. METHODS OF SENDING AND PRESENTING; SENDING DIRECTLY TO PAYOR BANK. 发送、提示方法; 直接发送付款行.

　　(a) A collecting bank shall send items by a reasonably prompt method, taking into consideration relevant instructions, the nature of the item, the number of those items on hand, the cost of collection involved, and the method generally used by it or others to present those items.

　　(b) A collecting bank may send:

　　(1) an item directly to the payor bank;

　　(2) an item to a nonbank payor if authorized by its transferor; and

　　(3) an item other than documentary drafts to a nonbank payor, if authorized by Federal Reserve regulation or operating circular, clearing-house rule, or the like.

　　(c) Presentment may be made by a presenting bank at a place where the payor bank or other payor has requested that presentment be made.

　　(a) 收款行应当送达项目通过一个合理快捷的方式，考虑到有关的指示、该项目的性质、现有项目的数量、有关的收款成本，以及通常用作提示那些项目的方式或者其他方式。

　　(b) 收款行可以发送：

　　(1) 项目直接给付款行;

　　(2) 项目给一个非银行付款人如果经其让与人授权;及

　　(3) 除押汇汇票之外的项目给非银行付款人，如果经联邦储备规则或操作规程、票据交换所规则、或类似规定授权。

　　(c) 提示行可以作出提示在付款行或其他付款人已经要求该提示被作出的地点。

　　§ 4-205. DEPOSITARY BANK HOLDER OF UNINDORSED ITEM.

　　未背书项目的存款银行持有人.

　　If a customer delivers an item to a depositary bank for collection:

　　(1) the depositary bank becomes a holder of the item at the time it receives the item for collection if the customer at the time of delivery was a holder of the item, whether or not the customer indorses the item, and, if the bank satisfies the other requirements of Section 3-302, it is a holder in due course; and

　　(2) the depositary bank warrants to collecting banks, the payor bank or other payor, and the drawer that the amount of the item was paid to the customer or deposited to the customer's account.

　　若消费者交付一个项目给存款银行为收款：

　　(1) 该存款银行成为该项目的持有人在其为收款而收到该项目时，若该消费者在交付时是该项目的持有人，无论该消费者是否在该项目上背书，以及，如果该银行满足§ 3-302规定的其他要求，其是适当持有人;及

　　(2) 存款银行向收款行、付款行或其他付款人、以及开票人保证该项目的金额被付给消费者或存放到该消费者的帐户上。

　　§ 4-206. TRANSFER BETWEEN BANKS. 银行间转让.

　　Any agreed method that identifies the transferor bank is sufficient for the item's further transfer to another bank.

　　任何约定的、确定让与人银行的方式是充分的对于该项目的进一步转让给其他银行。

　　§ 4-207. TRANSFER WARRANTIES. 转让担保.

　　(a) A customer or collecting bank that transfers an item and receives a settlement or other consideration warrants to the transferee and to any subsequent collecting bank that:

　　(1) the warrantor is a person entitled to enforce the item;

　　(2) all signatures on the item are authentic and authorized;

　　(3) the item has not been altered;

　　(4) the item is not subject to a defense or claim in recoupment (Section 3-305(a)) of any party that can be asserted against the warrantor; and

　　(5) the warrantor has no knowledge of any insolvency proceeding commenced with respect to the maker or acceptor or, in the case of an unaccepted draft, the drawer; and

　　(a) 转让一个项目及收到一个结算或其他对价的消费者、收款行对受让人、任何转收款行保证：

　　(1) 担保人是有权执行该项目的人;

　　(2) 该项目上的所有签名是可信的并经授权的;

　　(3) 该项目没有被涂改;

　　(4) 该项目不受可以向该担保人主张的任何当事人的抗辩或索赔权(§ 3-305(a))的影响;及

　　(5) 该担保人不知道对制作人或承兑人、或者，在未承兑的汇票的情形的开票人提起的任何破产程序;及

　　(6) with respect to any remotely-created consumer item, that the person on whose account the item is drawn authorized the issuance of the item in the amount for which the item is drawn.

　　(b) If an item is dishonored, a customer or collecting bank transferring the item and receiving settlement or other consideration is obliged to pay the amount due on the item (i) according to the terms of the item at the time it was transferred, or (ii) if the transfer was of an incomplete item, according to its terms when completed as stated in Sections 3-115 and 3-407. The obligation of a transferor is owed to the transferee and to any subsequent collecting bank that takes the item in good faith. A transferor cannot disclaim its obligation under this subsection by an indorsement stating that it is made "without recourse" or otherwise disclaiming liability.

　　(c) A person to whom the warranties under subsection (a) are made and who took the item in good faith may recover from the warrantor as damages for breach of warranty an amount equal to the loss suffered as a result of the breach, but not more than the amount of the item plus expenses and loss of interest incurred as a result of the breach.

　　(d) The warranties stated in subsection (a) cannot be disclaimed with respect to checks. Unless notice of a claim for breach of warranty is given to the warrantor within 30 days after the claimant has reason to know of the breach and the identity of the warrantor, the warrantor is discharged to the extent of any loss caused by the delay in giving notice of the claim.

　　(e) A cause of action for breach of warranty under this section accrues when the claimant has reason to know of the breach.

　　(6) 关于任何远程消费者项目，在其帐户上提取项目的人授权该项目在该项目被提取的金额的发行。

　　(b) 若一个项目被拒付，让与该项目或收到结算或其他对价的消费者或收款行必须支付在该项目上应付的金额 (i)依照该项目的条款在其被转让时，或(ii) 若该转让是一个不完整的项目，当依照 § 3-115 及 3-407规定补充完整时依照其条款。让与人的债务应向受让人及善意取得该项目的任何次收款行履行。在本条下，让与人不得通过规定背书无追索权或其他拒绝义务的方式拒绝其义务。

　　(c) 依照(a)款向其作出担保并且善意取得该项目的人可以向该担保人追回违反担保的等于由于该违约行为导致的损失的金额的损害赔偿金，但不超过该项目的金额加上由于该违约行为导致的费用和利息损失。 (d) (a)款规定的担保人不得被拒绝关于支票。除非在该权利人有理由知道该违约行为和该担保人的身份之后30日内，对违反担保的索赔通知给予该担保人，该担保人在迟延通知所导致的损失范围内免责。

　　(e) 在本条下违反担保之诉的原因发生当权利人有理由知道该违反时。

　　§ 4-208. PRESENTMENT WARRANTIES. 提示担保

　　(a) If an unaccepted draft is presented to the drawee for payment or acceptance and the drawee pays or accepts the draft, (i) the person obtaining payment or acceptance, at the time of presentment, and (ii) a previous transferor of the draft, at the time of transfer, warrant to the drawee that pays or accepts the draft in good faith that:

　　(1) the warrantor is, or was, at the time the warrantor transferred the draft, a person entitled to enforce the draft or authorized to obtain payment or acceptance of the draft on behalf of a person entitled to enforce the draft;

　　(2) the draft has not been altered; and

　　(3) the warrantor has no knowledge that the signature of the purported drawer of the draft is unauthorized; and

　　(4) with respect to any remotely-created consumer item, that the person on whose account the item is drawn authorized the issuance of the item in the amount for which the item is drawn.

　　(a) 如果一张未承兑的汇票被提交给付款人为付款或承兑，并且该付款人支付或承兑该汇票，(i)获得付款或承兑的人，在提示时，及(ii)该汇票的以前的转让人，在转让时，向付款人担保善意地付款或承兑该汇票：

　　(1) 该担保人现在是，或过去是，在该担保人让与该汇票时，有权执行该汇票的人，或为有权执行该汇票的人的利益，授权获得付款或汇票的承兑的人;

　　(2) 该汇票未被涂改;及

　　(3) 该担保人不知道声称的汇票提款人的签名未被授权;及

　　(4) 关于任何远程消费者项目，在其帐户上提取项目的人授权该项目在该项目被提取的金额的发行。

　　(b) A drawee making payment may recover from a warrantor damages for breach of warranty equal to the amount paid by the drawee less the amount the drawee received or is entitled to receive from the drawer because of the payment. In addition, the drawee is entitled to compensation for expenses and loss of interest resulting from the breach. The right of the drawee to recover damages under this subsection is not affected by any failure of the drawee to exercise ordinary care in making payment. If the drawee accepts the draft (i) breach of warranty is a defense to the obligation of the acceptor, and (ii) if the acceptor makes payment with respect to the draft, the acceptor is entitled to recover from a warrantor for breach of warranty the amounts stated in this subsection.

　　(b) 作出付款的付款人可 以向担保人追回违反担保的损害赔偿金的金额等于该付款人支付的金额减去付款人收到或由于该付款而有权向提款人收取的金额。此外，付款人有权主张费用的赔偿 和由于该违约行为导致的利息损失。付款人在本条下的追回损害赔偿金的权利不受付款人在付款时未尽通常的注意义务的影响。如果付款人接受该汇票 (i) 担保之违反是对承兑人的义务的抗辩，及 (ii)若承兑人对该汇票作出付款，承兑人有权因担保之违反而向担保人追回本款规定的金额。

　　(c) If a drawee asserts a claim for breach of warranty under subsection (a) based on an unauthorized indorsement of the draft or an alteration of the draft, the warrantor may defend by proving that the indorsement is effective under Section 3-404 or 3-405 or the drawer is precluded under Section 3-406 or 4-406 from asserting against the drawee the unauthorized indorsement or alteration.

　　(d) If (i) a dishonored draft is presented for payment to the drawer or an indorser or (ii) any other item is presented for payment to a party obliged to pay the item, and the item is paid, the person obtaining payment and a prior transferor of the item warrant to the person making payment in good faith that the warrantor is, or was, at the time the warrantor transferred the item, a person entitled to enforce the item or authorized to obtain payment on behalf of a person entitled to enforce the item. The person making payment may recover from any warrantor for breach of warranty an amount equal to the amount paid plus expenses and loss of interest resulting from the breach.

　　(c) 若基于汇票未授权的背书或汇票的涂改，在(a)款下，付款人主张一项因担保之违反的权利，该担保人可以抗辩通过证明该背书在§ 3-404或3-405下是有效的，或根据§ 3-406或4-406规定开票人被排除向付款人主张权利未授权的背书或汇票。

　　(d) 若 (i) 一张拒付的汇票被提示付款对开票人或背书人，或(ii) 任何其他项目被 提示付款对必须对该项目付款的当事人，并且该项目被付款，获得付款的人及在前的项目让与人对善意作出付款的人担保该担保人现在是，或过去是，在该担保人让 与该项目时有权执行该项目的人、或为有权执行该项目的人的利益，授权获得付款的人。作出付款的人可以向任何担保人追回的由于违反担保的损害赔偿金额等于已 付金额加上由于该违约行为导致的费用和利息损失。

　　(e) The warranties stated in subsections (a) and (d) cannot be disclaimed with respect to checks. Unless notice of a claim for breach of warranty is given to the warrantor within 30 days after the claimant has reason to know of the breach and the identity of the warrantor, the warrantor is discharged to the extent of any loss caused by the delay in giving notice of the claim.

　　(f) A cause of action for breach of warranty under this section accrues when the claimant has reason to know of the breach.

　　(e) (a) 、(d)款规定的担保不得被拒绝关于支票。除非在该权利人有理由知道该违约行为和该担保人的身份之后30日内，对违反担保的索赔通知给予该担保人，该担保人在迟延通知所导致的任何损失范围内免责。

　　(f) 在本条下违反担保之诉的原因发生当权利人有理由知道该违反时。

　　§ 4-209. ENCODING AND RETENTION WARRANTIES. 编码和保持担保.

　　(a) A person who encodes information on or with respect to an item after issue warrants to any subsequent collecting bank and to the payor bank or other payor that the information is correctly encoded. If the customer of a depositary bank encodes, that bank also makes the warranty.

　　(b) A person who undertakes to retain an item pursuant to an agreement for electronic presentment warrants to any subsequent collecting bank and to the payor bank or other payor that retention and presentment of the item comply with the agreement. If a customer of a depositary bank undertakes to retain an item, that bank also makes this warranty.

　　(c) A person to whom warranties are made under this section and who took the item in good faith may recover from the warrantor as damages for breach of warranty an amount equal to the loss suffered as a result of the breach, plus expenses and loss of interest incurred as a result of the breach.

　　(a) 有关一个项目，在其发行之后，对其相关信息进行编码的人，对任何在后的收款行及付款行或其他付款人担保该信息被正确编码。如果存款银行的消费者编码，该银行也作出担保。

　　(b) 依照电子提示协议承担保留一个项目义务的人，对任何在后的收款行及付款行或其他付款人担保，项目的保留和提示符合该协议。如果存款银行的消费者编码，该银行也作出担保。

　　(c) 担保根据本条向其作出并善意取得该项目的人可以向该担保人追回的由于违反担保的损害赔偿金额等于违约行为导致的损失，加上由于违约引起的费用和利息损失。

　　§ 4-210. SECURITY INTEREST OF COLLECTING BANK IN ITEMS, ACCOMPANYING DOCUMENTS AND PROCEEDS.

　　收款行在项目、附属单证上的担保权益和收益.

　　(a) A collecting bank has a security interest in an item and any accompanying documents or the proceeds of either:

　　(1) in case of an item deposited in an account, to the extent to which credit given for the item has been withdrawn or applied;

　　(2) in case of an item for which it has given credit available for withdrawal as of right, to the extent of the credit given, whether or not the credit is drawn upon or there is a right of charge-back; or

　　(3) if it makes an advance on or against the item.

　　(a) 收款行在一个项目上及任何附属单证或其收益上享有一项担保权益：

　　(1) 在储存在一个帐户中的项目的情形，在对于该项目给予的信用已经被撤回或应用的范围内;

　　(2) 假设一个项目其已给予权利的撤回可获得的信用，在给予的信用范围内，无论该信用是否被利用，是否有退款权;或,

　　(3) 若其在该项目上或对该项目作出预付款。

　　(b) If credit given for several items received at one time or pursuant to a single agreement is withdrawn or applied in part, the security interest remains upon all the items, any accompanying documents or the proceeds of either. For the purpose of this section, credits first given are first withdrawn.

　　(c) Receipt by a collecting bank of a final settlement for an item is a realization on its security interest in the item, accompanying documents, and proceeds. So long as the bank does not receive final settlement for the item or give up possession of the item or possession or control of the accompanying documents for purposes other than collection, the security interest continues to that extent and is subject to Article 9, but:

　　(1) no security agreement is necessary to make the security interest enforceable ( Section 9-203(b)(3)(A));

　　(2) no filing is required to perfect the security interest; and

　　(3) the security interest has priority over conflicting perfected security interests in the item, accompanying documents, or proceeds.

　　(b) 若曾经收到的、或依照一份单一协议给予几个项目的信用被撤回或部分适用，该担保权益保留在所有项目、任何附属单证或其收益上。基于本条的目的，先给予的信用先撤回。

　　(c) 收款行对一个项目的最后结算的收取是对其在该项目上、附属单证、以及收益的担保权益的实现。 只要该银行不收取该项目的最后结算或放弃对该项目的占有或对附属单证的占有或控制为除收款之外的目的，该担保权益继续于受第9篇影响的范围内存在，但：

　　(1) 使担保权益( §9-203(b)(3)(a))可强制执行不需要担保协议;

　　(2) 完善担保权益无须档案;及

　　(3) 担保权益优先于冲突的在该项目上的完善的担保权益、附属单证、或收益。

　　§ 4-211. WHEN BANK GIVES VALUE FOR PURPOSES OF HOLDER IN DUE COURSE. 当银行给予对价为正当持有人的目的.

　　For purposes of determining its status as a holder in due course, a bank has given value to the extent it has a security interest in an item, if the bank otherwise complies with the requirements of Section 3-302 on what constitutes a holder in due course.

　　基于决定其作为正当持票人的身份的目的，一个银行已经在其在一个项目上享有担保权益的范围内给予对价，如果该银行依照§ 3-302关于构成正当占有人的规定行事。

　　§ 4-212. PRESENTMENT BY NOTICE OF ITEM NOT PAYABLE BY, THROUGH, OR AT BANK; LIABILITY OF DRAWER OR INDORSER.

　　非银行付款的项目的通知的提示; 开票人或背书人的责任.

　　(a) Unless otherwise instructed, a collecting bank may present an item not payable by, through, or at a bank by sending to the party to accept or pay a record providing notice that the bank holds the item for acceptance or payment. The notice must be sent in time to be received on or before the day when presentment is due and the bank must meet any requirement of the party to accept or pay under Section 3-501 by the close of the bank's next banking day after it knows of the requirement.

　　(b) If presentment is made by notice and payment, acceptance, or request for compliance with a requirement under Section 3-501 is not received by the close of business on the day after maturity or, in the case of demand items, by the close of business on the third banking day after notice was sent, the presenting bank may treat the item as dishonored and charge any drawer or indorser by sending it notice of the facts.

　　(a) 除非另有指示，收款行可以提示一个不是银行付款的项目，通过送给当事人承兑或付款，若有该银行持有该项目为承兑或付款的通知。该通知必须被及时送达，以在应当提示之日或提示之前收到，并且，该银行必须符合当事人根据§ 3-501规定承兑或付款的任何规定，在其知道该规定之后，到该银行的下一个营业日结束之时。

　　(b) 如果提示被作出通过通知和付款、承兑，或符合§ 3-501的规定的要求不被收到，到在通知被送达之后的第三个银行营业日的业务结束之时，提示行必须对待该项目作为拒兑，并通过送达其事实通知，控诉任何开票人或背书人。

　　§ 4-213. MEDIUM AND TIME OF SETTLEMENT BY BANK. 通过银行结算的媒介和时间.

　　(a) With respect to settlement by a bank, the medium and time of settlement may be prescribed by Federal Reserve regulations or circulars, clearing-house rules, and the like, or agreement. In the absence of such prescription:

　　(1) the medium of settlement is cash or credit to an account in a Federal Reserve bank of or specified by the person to receive settlement; and

　　(2) the time of settlement, is:

　　(i) with respect to tender of settlement by cash, a cashier's check, or teller's check, when the cash or check is sent or delivered;

　　(ii) with respect to tender of settlement by credit in an account in a Federal Reserve Bank, when the credit is made;

　　(iii) with respect to tender of settlement by a credit or debit to an account in a bank, when the credit or debit is made or, in the case of tender of settlement by authority to charge an account, when the authority is sent or delivered; or

　　(iv) with respect to tender of settlement by a funds transfer, when payment is made pursuant to Section 4A-406(a) to the person receiving settlement.

　　(a) 关于通过银行结算，结算的媒介和时间可以按照联邦储备规则及其操作细则、票据交换所规则、以及类似规定、或按照协议规定。在没有上述规定的情形：

　　(1) 结算的媒介是现金或此人指定收取结算的联邦储备银行的一个帐户的存款;及

　　(2) 结算的时间，是：

　　(i) 通过先进、银行支票、或teller"s check结算的，为该现金或支票被送达或交付时;

　　(ii) 通过联邦储备银行的一个帐户的存款结算的，为该存款作出时;

　　(iii) 通过对在一个银行的帐户进行存取结算的，为该存入或取出被作出时，或者在通过授权去主张一个帐户以结算的情形，为该授权被送达或交付时;或

　　(iv) 通过资金转移结算的，为该付款依照§ 4a-406(a) 规定支付给接收结算的人时。

　　(b) If the tender of settlement is not by a medium authorized by subsection (a) or the time of settlement is not fixed by subsection (a), no settlement occurs until the tender of settlement is accepted by the person receiving settlement.

　　(c) If settlement for an item is made by cashier's check or teller's check and the person receiving settlement, before its midnight deadline:

　　(1) presents or forwards the check for collection, settlement is final when the check is finally paid; or

　　(2) fails to present or forward the check for collection, settlement is final at the midnight deadline of the person receiving settlement.

　　(d) If settlement for an item is made by giving authority to charge the account of the bank giving settlement in the bank receiving settlement, settlement is final when the charge is made by the bank receiving settlement if there are funds available in the account for the amount of the item.

　　(b) 如果结算的支付不是通过 (a)款授权的媒介，或结算的时间不被确定由 (a)款，没有结算发生知道结算的提供被收取结算的人接受。

　　(c) 如果一个项目的结算被作出通过银行支票或teller"s check，并且收到结算的人，在其午夜界限以前： (1) 提示或转寄该支票为收款，结算于该支票被最终付款时终止;或

　　(2) 不能提示或转寄该支票为收款，结算于接收结算的人的午夜界限终止。

　　(d) 若对一个项目的结算是通过给予授权追回给予结算的银行在收取结算的银行的帐户的金额作出，结算于收取结算的银行作出追回时终止，若对于该项目的金额在该帐户中有资金可获得。

　　§ 4-214. RIGHT OF CHARGE-BACK OR REFUND; LIABILITY OF COLLECTING BANK; RETURN OF ITEM.

　　退款权或偿还权;收款行责任;项目的偿还.

　　(a) If a collecting bank has made provisional settlement with its customer for an item and fails by reason of dishonor, suspension of payments by a bank, or otherwise to receive settlement for the item which is or becomes final, the bank may revoke the settlement given by it, charge back the amount of any credit given for the item to its customer's account, or obtain refund from its customer, whether or not it is able to return the item, if by its midnight deadline or within a longer reasonable time after it learns the facts it returns the item or sends notification of the facts. If the return or notice is delayed beyond the bank's midnight deadline or a longer reasonable time after it learns the facts, the bank may revoke the settlement, charge back the credit, or obtain refund from its customer, but it is liable for any loss resulting from the delay. These rights to revoke, charge back, and obtain refund terminate if and when a settlement for the item received by the bank is or becomes final .

　　(a) 若收款行对 一个项目已经与其消费者作出临时结算，并且，由于拒付、一个银行的中止付款，或由于其他原因未能收到对该项目的成为或将成为最终的结算，该银行可以撤回其 给予的结算，追回其对于该项目而给予其消费者的帐户的任何存款金额，或从其消费者获得资金偿还，无论其是否能够退回该项目，如果到其午夜交接点，或，在其 知道该事实后，其退回该项目或送达该事实的通知的一个更长的合理的时间内。若该退回或通知被推迟超过该银行的午夜期限或在其知道该事实后的一个更长的合理 的时间，该银行可以撤回结算，追回存款金额，或从其消费者获得资金偿还，但其应对该迟延导致的任何损失负责。这些撤回权、追回权、获得偿还权终止，当且仅 当该银行收到对该项目的结算成为或将成为终止时。.

　　(b) A collecting bank returns an item when it is sent or delivered to the bank's customer or transferor or pursuant to its instructions.

　　(c) A depositary bank that is also the payor may charge back the amount of an item to its customer's account or obtain refund in accordance with the section governing return of an item received by a payor bank for credit on its books (Section 4-301).

　　(d) The right to charge back is not affected by:

　　(1) previous use of a credit given for the item; or

　　(2) failure by any bank to exercise ordinary care with respect to the item, but a bank so failing remains liable.

　　(e) A failure to charge back or claim refund does not affect other rights of the bank against the customer or any other party.

　　(f) If credit is given in dollars as the equivalent of the value of an item payable in foreign money, the dollar amount of any charge-back or refund must be calculated on the basis of the bank-offered spot rate for the foreign money prevailing on the day when the person entitled to the charge-back or refund learns that it will not receive payment in ordinary course.

　　(b) 收款行退回一个项目，当该项目送达或交付给该银行的消费者或让与人或依照其指示时。

　　(c) 兼为付款人的存款银行 可以追回一个项目的金额对其消费者的帐户，或依照调整付款行在其册薄(§ 4-301)上的存款收取的一个项目的退回的条款获得偿还。(d) 追回权不受下列影响：

　　(1) 以前对于该项目给予的信用的使用;或

　　(2) 关于该项目任何银行未尽通常的注意义务，但该银行应负责任。

　　(e) 未追回或主张退还不影响该银行对消费者或任何其他当事人的其他权利。

　　(f) 如果以美元给予银行存款以作为应以外币支付的一个项目的价值的等价物，任何追回或退回的美元金额必须以银行提供的、有权主张追回或退回的人知道在通常的过程中不将收到付款之日的外币汇率为基础计算。

　　§ 4-215. FINAL PAYMENT OF ITEM BY PAYOR BANK; WHEN PROVISIONAL DEBITS AND CREDITS BECOME FINAL; WHEN CERTAIN CREDITS BECOME AVAILABLE FOR WITHDRAWAL.

　　付款行对项目的最后付款; 何时临时借方及贷方成为最终; 合适一定的贷方对于撤回可获得.

　　(a) An item is finally paid by a payor bank when the bank has first done any of the following:

　　(1) paid the item in cash;

　　(2) settled for the item without having a right to revoke the settlement under statute, clearing-house rule, or agreement; or

　　(3) made a provisional settlement for the item and failed to revoke the settlement in the time and manner permitted by statute, clearing-house rule, or agreement.

　　(b) If provisional settlement for an item does not become final, the item is not finally paid.

　　(c) If provisional settlement for an item between the presenting and payor banks is made through a clearing house or by debits or credits in an account between them, then to the extent that provisional debits or credits for the item are entered in accounts between the presenting and payor banks or between the presenting and s统一商法典essive prior collecting banks seriatim, they become final upon final payment of the items by the payor bank.

　　(d) If a collecting bank receives a settlement for an item which is or becomes final, the bank is accountable to its customer for the amount of the item and any provisional credit given for the item in an account with its customer becomes final.

　　(a) 付款行最终对一个项目付款当该银行已经第一次做任何下列事项时：

　　(1) 现金支付该项目;

　　(2) 依照法令、票据交换所规则、或协议不具有撤回结算权，对该项目结算;或

　　(3) 对该项目作出临时性结算并且，不能及时地以法令、票据交换所规则、或协议允许的方式撤回该结算。 (b) 如果对该项目的临时结算不成为最终，该项目最终不被付款。

　　(c) 若对一个项目在提示和付款行之间的临时结算被作出通过票据交换所或通过在其之间的帐户的借方或贷方作出，那么在对该项目的临时借方或贷方逐一登录在提示和付款行之间的帐户或在提示和继受在先收款行之间的帐户范围内，付款行对该项目的最终付款上其成为最终。

　　(d) 若收款行收到对一个项目的结算，该项目成为或将成为最终的，该银行就该项目的金额对其消费者应负责任，并且，与其消费者的一个帐户内给予该项目的任何临时贷方成为最终。

　　(e) Subject to (i) applicable law stating a time for availability of funds and (ii) any right of the bank to apply the credit to an obligation of the customer, credit given by a bank for an item in a customer's account becomes available for withdrawal as of right:

　　(1) if the bank has received a provisional settlement for the item, when the settlement becomes final and the bank has had a reasonable time to receive return of the item and the item has not been received within that time;

　　(2) if the bank is both the depositary bank and the payor bank, and the item is finally paid, at the opening of the bank's second banking day following receipt of the item.

　　(f) Subject to applicable law stating a time for availability of funds and any right of a bank to apply a deposit to an obligation of the depositor, a deposit of money becomes available for withdrawal as of right at the opening of the bank's next banking day after receipt of the deposit.

　　(e) 受下述影响 (i) 规定资金的可获得性的时间的可适用的法律，及 (ii) 该银行适用该信用到消费者的义务上的任何权利，银行因项目给予消费者帐户里的存款成为可获得的由于撤回权：

　　(1) 若该银行已经收到对该项目的临时结算，当该结算成为最终并且该银行已经有合理的时间去收到该项目的退还并且该项目没有在该时间内被退还时;

　　(2) 若该银行既是存款银行也是付款行，并且该项目最终被支付，在收到该项目之日起的该银行的第二个银行营业日开张时。

　　(f) 受规定资金的可获得性的时间的可适用的法律影响，以及银行申请一项押金对存款人的义务，金钱存款成为可获得对于权利的撤回，在收到该项目之日起的该银行的第二个银行营业日开张时。

　　§ 4-216. INSOLVENCY AND PREFERENCE. 破产和优先权.

　　(a) If an item is in or comes into the possession of a payor or collecting bank that suspends payment and the item has not been finally paid, the item must be returned by the receiver, trustee, or agent in charge of the closed bank to the presenting bank or the closed bank's customer.

　　(b) If a payor bank finally pays an item and suspends payments without making a settlement for the item with its customer or the presenting bank which settlement is or becomes final, the owner of the item has a preferred claim against the payor bank.

　　(c) If a payor bank gives or a collecting bank gives or receives a provisional settlement for an item and thereafter suspends payments, the suspension does not prevent or interfere with the settlement's becoming final if the finality occurs automatically upon the lapse of certain time or the happening of certain events .

　　(d) If a collecting bank receives from subsequent parties settlement for an item, which settlement is or becomes final and the bank suspends payments without making a settlement for the item with its customer which settlement is or becomes final, the owner of the item has a preferred claim against the collecting bank.

　　(a) 若项目由宣告破产(suspends payment)的付款人或收款行的占有，并且该项目最终已经被支付，接受者、保管人、或对被关闭的银行负全责的代理人必须退还该项目给提示行或被关闭的银行的消费者。 (b) 若付款行最终支付一个项目并且没有与其消费者或结算终止的提示行对该项目作出结算即宣告破产，该项目的所有人对该付款行享有优先的权利。

　　(c) 若对于一个项目，付款行给予或收款行给予或收到临时付款，并且气候宣告破产，该宣告不阻止或妨碍该结算成为最终如果该终结在一定的时间或一定的事件发生时自动发生。

　　(d) 若收款行自后手当事人处收到对一个项目的结算，该结算成为或将成为最终的，并且该银行在没有与其消费者作出对该项目的结算时宣告破产，该项目的所有人对该收款行享有优先的权利。

　　PART 3. COLLECTION OF ITEMS: PAYOR BANKS. [Table of Contents]项目的收款: 付款行.

　　§ 4-301. DEFERRED POSTING; RECOVERY OF PAYMENT BY RETURN OF ITEMS; TIME OF DISHONOR; RETURN OF ITEMS BY PAYOR BANK.

　　延期过账;因项目退回的付款恢复; 拒付时间;付款行退回项目.

　　(a) If a payor bank settles for a demand item other than a documentary draft presented otherwise than for immediate payment over the counter before midnight of the banking day of receipt, the payor bank may revoke the settlement and recover the settlement if, before it has made final payment and before its midnight deadline, it

　　(1) returns the item;

　　(2) returns an image of the item, if the party to which the return is made has entered into an agreement to accept an image as a return of the item; and the image is returned in accordance with that agreement;

　　(a) 除被提示的押汇汇票以外，但在接受的银行营业日的午夜之前在柜台上立即付款的除外，若付款行对一个项目结算，付款行可以撤回该结算及恢复该结算，若在其已经作出最终付款以前并且在其午夜界限以前，其

　　(1) 退回该项目;

　　(2) 退回该项目的影像(image)，如果该退回对其作出的当事人已经订立协议接受作为该项目的退回的影像;并且该影像依照该协议退回;

　　(3) sends a record providing notice of dishonor or nonpayment if the item is unavailable for return.

　　(b) If a demand item is received by a payor bank for credit on its books, it may return the item or send notice of dishonor and may revoke any credit given or recover the amount thereof withdrawn by its customer, if it acts within the time limit and in the manner specified in subsection (a).

　　(c) Unless previous notice of dishonor has been sent, an item is dishonored at the time when for purposes of dishonor it is returned or notice sent in accordance with this section.

　　(d) An item is returned:

　　(1) as to an item presented through a clearing house, when it is delivered to the presenting or last collecting bank or to the clearing house or is sent or delivered in accordance with clearing-house rules; or

　　(2) in all other cases, when it is sent or delivered to the bank's customer or transferor or pursuant to instructions.

　　(3) 发送一份规定拒兑通知或拒付通知的记录若该姓名由于退回而不可获得。

　　(b) 若付款行由于其册薄上的存款收到一个要求项目，其可以退回该项目或发送拒付通知并且可以撤回任何给予的存款或恢复由其消费者撤回的其中的金额，若其在时间限制之内并且以本条(a)款规定的方式行为。

　　(c) 除非以前的拒付通知已经被发送，一个项目被拒付当为拒付的目的其被退回或依照本条发送通知时。

　　(d) 一个项目被退回：

　　(1) 关于通过票据交换所提示的项目，当其被交付给提示行或上手收款行或给票据交换所或被送达或交付根据票据交换所规则;或

　　(2) 在所有其他情形，当它被送达或交付给该银行的消费者或让与人或依照指示。

　　§ 4-302. PAYOR BANK'S RESPONSIBILITY FOR LATE RETURN OF ITEM.

　　付款行迟延退回项目的责任.

　　(a) If an item is presented to and received by a payor bank, the bank is accountable for the amount of:

　　(1) a demand item, other than a documentary draft, whether properly payable or not, if the bank, in any case in which it is not also the depositary bank, retains the item beyond midnight of the banking day of receipt without settling for it or, whether or not it is also the depositary bank, does not pay or return the item or send notice of dishonor until after its midnight deadline; or

　　(2) any other properly payable item unless, within the time allowed for acceptance or payment of that item, the bank either accepts or pays the item or returns it and accompanying documents.

　　(b) The liability of a payor bank to pay an item pursuant to subsection (a) is subject to defenses based on breach of a presentment warranty (Section 4-208) or proof that the person seeking enforcement of the liability presented or transferred the item for the purpose of defrauding the payor bank.

　　(a) 若项目被提示给并由付款行收到，该银行应为下述的金额负责：

　　(1) 一个要求项目，除押汇汇票外，无论是否适当可付，若该银行，在不兼为存款银行的任何情形，保持该项目超过收到之银行营业日的午夜而不符合之，或，无论是否兼为存款银行，不支付或退回该项目或发送拒付通知直到在其午夜界限之后;或

　　(2) 任何其他适当可付的项目，除非在允许对该项目承兑或付款的时间之内，该银行或者承兑或支付该项目或退回该项目及其附属单证。

　　(b) 付款行依照(a)支付一个项目的责任受基于下述理由的抗辩之影响：提示担保 (§ 4-208)之违反，或寻求执行该责任的人基于欺诈付款行的目的提示或转让该项目的证据。

　　§ 4-303. WHEN ITEMS SUBJECT TO NOTICE, STOP-PAYMENT ORDER, LEGAL PROCESS, OR SETOFF; ORDER IN WHICH ITEMS MAY BE CHARGED OR CERTIFIED.

　　何时项目受通知, 止付指令, 法定程序、或抵消的影响; 在其里面项目可以被主张支付或确定的指令.

　　(a) Any knowledge, notice, or stop-payment order received by, legal process served upon, or setoff exercised by a payor bank comes too late to terminate, suspend, or modify the bank's right or duty to pay an item or to charge its customer's account for the item if the knowledge, notice, stop-payment order, or legal process is received or served and a reasonable time for the bank to act thereon expires or the setoff is exercised after the earliest of the following:

　　(1) the bank accepts or certifies the item;

　　(2) the bank pays the item in cash;

　　(3) the bank settles for the item without having a right to revoke the settlement under statute, clearing-house rule, or agreement;

　　(a) 付 款行收到的、法定程序提供的、或者付款行行使的任何抵消消息、通知、或止付指令，太迟延以至不能终止、中止或变更该银行的权利或支付一个项目的义务或者对 该项目要求支付其消费者的帐户，若该消息、通知、或止付指令、或法定处理被收到或提供并且对于该银行行为的合理的时间终止或该抵消被行使在下列各项最早期 之后：

　　(1) 该银行承兑或保证该项目;

　　(2) 该银行现金支付该项目;

　　(3) 依照法令、票据交换所规则、或协议，该银行无权撤回结算，而该银行对该项目作出结算;

　　(4) the bank becomes accountable for the amount of the item under Section 4-302 dealing with the payor bank's responsibility for late return of items; or

　　(5) with respect to checks, a cutoff hour no earlier than one hour after the opening of the next banking day after the banking day on which the bank received the check and no later than the close of that next banking day or, if no cutoff hour is fixed, the close of the next banking day after the banking day on which the bank received the check.

　　(b) Subject to subsection (a), items may be accepted, paid, certified, or charged to the indicated account of its customer in any order.

　　(4) 依照涉及付款行迟延退回项目的责任的§ 4-302，该银行应对该项目的金额承担责任;或

　　(5) 关于支票，不早于在该银行收到该支票之银行营业日之后的下一个银行营业日开张之后一个小时，并且不迟于下一个银行营业日结束时的截止时间，或者，如果没有确定的截止时间，该银行收到该支票之银行营业日之后的下一个银行营业日结束时。

　　(b) 受(a)款影响，项目可以被接受、支付、保证或以任何指令向其消费者的规定帐户收取。

　　part 4.付款行与其消费者之间的关系

　　PART 4. RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN PAYOR BANK AND ITS CUSTOMER [Table of Contents]

　　§ 4-401. WHEN BANK MAY CHARGE CUSTOMER'S ACCOUNT.

　　何时银行可以要求消费者帐户支付.

　　(a) A bank may charge against the account of a customer an item that is properly payable from that account even though the charge creates an overdraft. An item is properly payable if it is authorized by the customer and is in accordance with any agreement between the customer and bank.

　　(b) A customer is not liable for the amount of an overdraft if the customer neither signed the item nor benefited from the proceeds of the item.

　　(a) 银行可以对消费者的帐户要求支付应从该帐户适当支付的一个项目，即使该要求支付产生透支。一个项目为适当可付，若其由消费者授权，并且符合该消费者与银行之间的任何协议。

　　(b) 消费者不对透支金额负责若该消费者既未签署该项目也未从该项目的收益中获益。

　　(c) A bank may charge against the account of a customer a check that is otherwise properly payable from the account, even though payment was made before the date of the check, unless the customer has given notice to the bank of the postdating describing the check with reasonable certainty. The notice is effective for the period stated in Section 4-403(b) for stop-payment orders, and must be received at such time and in such manner as to afford the bank a reasonable opportunity to act on it before the bank takes any action with respect to the check described in Section 4-303. If a bank charges against the account of a customer a check before the date stated in the notice of postdating, the bank is liable for damages for the loss resulting from its act. The loss may include damages for dishonor of subsequent items under Section 4-402.

　　(d) A bank that in good faith makes payment to a holder may charge the indicated account of its customer according to:

　　(1) the original terms of the altered item; or

　　(2) the terms of the completed item, even though the bank knows the item has been completed unless the bank has notice that the completion was improper.

　　(c) 银行可以对消费者的帐户要求支付应从该帐户适当支付的一张支票，即使该付款在支票出票日作出，除非该消费者通知银行以合理的确定性描述该支票的事后日期(postdating)。该通知在§ 4-403(b) 对止付指令规定的期间内有效，并且必须以提供银行合理的机会去行为的时间和方式、在该银行对§ 4-303规定的支票采取任何诉讼之前收到。在事后日期通知中规定的日期之前，若银行对消费者的帐户要求支付一张支票，该银行应对由其行为导致的损害的赔偿承担责任。该损失可以包括§ 4-402规定的后来的项目之拒付的损害赔偿金。

　　(d) 善意地对持票人作出付款的银行可以对其消费者的指定的帐户要求支付，依照：

　　(1) 被涂改的项目的原条款;或

　　(2) 被完善的项目的条款，即使该银行知道该项目已经被完善除非该银行收到该完善不适当的通知。

　　§ 4-402. BANK'S LIABILITY TO CUSTOMER FOR WRONGFUL DISHONOR; TIME OF DETERMINING INSUFFICIENCY OF ACCOUNT.

　　银行由于不当拒付对消费者的责任; 确定帐户不足的时间.

　　(a) Except as otherwise provided in this Article, a payor bank wrongfully dishonors an item if it dishonors an item that is properly payable, but a bank may dishonor an item that would create an overdraft unless it has agreed to pay the overdraft.

　　(b) A payor bank is liable to its customer for damages proximately caused by the wrongful dishonor of an item. Liability is limited to actual damages proved and may include damages for an arrest or prosecution of the customer or other consequential damages. Whether any consequential damages are proximately caused by the wrongful dishonor is a question of fact to be determined in each case.

　　(a) 除非在本篇中另有规定，若其拒付应适当付款的一个项目，付款行不当拒付一个项目，但银行可以拒付将引起透支的一个项目除非其已经同意支付该透支。

　　(b) 付款行应对消费者承担由于一个项目错误拒付直接引起的损害赔偿的责任。责任限于被证明的实际损害，并且可以包括对于逮捕或控诉该消费者的损害赔偿或其他借鉴损害。任何间接损害是否由该错误拒付直接引起是每个案件中应被确定的事实问题。

　　(c) A payor bank's determination of the customer's account balance on which a decision to dishonor for insufficiency of available funds is based may be made at any time between the time the item is received by the payor bank and the time that the payor bank returns the item or gives notice in lieu of return, and no more than one determination need be made. If, at the election of the payor bank, a subsequent balance determination is made for the purpose of reevaluating the bank's decision to dishonor the item, the account balance at that time is determinative of whether a dishonor for insufficiency of available funds is wrongful.

　　(c) 由于可获得的资金不足而作出的拒付决定以该决定为基础的，付款行的 消费者的帐户平衡的决定，可以在付款行收到该项目的时间与付款行退回该项目或以通知代替退回的时间之间的任何时间作出，并且不超过一个决定需要作出。若， 取决于付款行的选择，一个后来的平衡决定被作出基于重估该银行拒付该项目的决定的目的，在该时的帐户平衡决定由于可获得的资金不足而作出的拒付是否不当。

　　§ 4-403. CUSTOMER'S RIGHT TO STOP PAYMENT; BURDEN OF PROOF OF LOSS.

　　消费者停止付款的权利; 损害证明责任.

　　(a) A customer or any person authorized to draw on the account if there is more than one person may stop payment of any item drawn on the customer's account or close the account by an order to the bank describing the item or account with reasonable certainty received at a time and in a manner that affords the bank a reasonable opportunity to act on it before any action by the bank with respect to the item described in Section 4-303. If the signature of more than one person is required to draw on an account, any of these persons may stop payment or close the account.

　　(b) A stop-payment order is effective for six months, but it lapses after 14 calendar days if the original order was oral and was not confirmed in a record within that period. A stop-payment order may be renewed for additional six-month periods by a record given to the bank within a period during which the stop-payment order is effective.

　　(c) The burden of establishing the fact and amount of loss resulting from the payment of an item contrary to a stop-payment order or order to close an account is on the customer. The loss from payment of an item contrary to a stop-payment order may include damages for dishonor of subsequent items under Section 4-402.

　　(a) 消费者、或被授权在该帐户上提款的任何人，若有不止一个人，可以停止任何项目的、在该消费者的帐户上提取的付款，或者关闭该帐户通过给该银行的、合理确定描述该项目或帐户的指令，该指令必须以提供该银行合理的机会去行为的时间和方式、在该银行对§ 4-303规定的支票采取任何诉讼之前收到。若在帐户上提款要求不止一个人的签名，这些人中的任何人可以停止付款或关闭该帐户。(b) 止付指示有效期为6个月，但若原指令是口头的，并且在该期间未确定于记录中，则其在14日后失效。在该止付指示有效期间内，给予该银行的一个记录可以使止付指示延长六个月有效期。

　　(c) 证明该事实，及证明一个项目的付款与止付指示或关闭一个帐户的指示相反而导致的损失的金额的举证责任由消费者负担。与止付指令相反的一个项目的付款导致的损失可以包括对于在§ 4-402下的后来的项目的拒付的损害赔偿金。

　　§ 4-404. BANK NOT OBLIGED TO PAY CHECK MORE THAN SIX MONTHS OLD.

　　银行无义务支付超过6个月的支票.

　　A bank is under no obligation to a customer having a checking account to pay a check, other than a certified check, which is presented more than six months after its date, but it may charge its customer's account for a payment made thereafter in good faith.

　　银行不对具有一个支票帐户的消费者承担支付一张除保付支票外、在其出票日期后超过6个月才提示的支票的义务，但其可以对其消费者的帐户就其其后善意作出的付款要求支付。

　　§ 4-405. DEATH OR INCOMPETENCE OF CUSTOMER. 消费者死亡或无行为能力.

　　(a) A payor or collecting bank's authority to accept, pay, or collect an item or to account for proceeds of its collection, if otherwise effective, is not rendered ineffective by incompetence of a customer of either bank existing at the time the item is issued or its collection is undertaken if the bank does not know of an adjudication of incompetence. Neither death nor incompetence of a customer revokes the authority to accept, pay, collect, or account until the bank knows of the fact of death or of an adjudication of incompetence and has reasonable opportunity to act on it.

　　(b) Even with knowledge, a bank may for 10 days after the date of death pay or certify checks drawn on or before that date unless ordered to stop payment by a person claiming an interest in the account.

　　(a) 付款人或收款行的接受、付款、支付、或收款一个项目或 去解决其收款的收益的授权，若另外有效，该项目被发行或其收款被承担时存在的任一银行的消费者的无行为能力不使得该授权无效，若该银行不知道关于该不完整 的判决宣告。消费者的死亡、无行为能力均不使接受、付款、支付、或收款或决算的授权无效，直到该银行知道该死亡的事实或知道禁治产宣告并且有合理的机会依 照其行为。

　　(b) 即使知道，银行可以在死亡日期之后10日支付或保证支票付款，或在该日期之前，除非在该帐户上主张一项权益的人指示其止付。