美国示范商业公司法翻译模板（第7.23至8.44款）

　　§ 7.23. SHARES HELD BY NOMINEES 被提名人持有的股票

　　(a) A corporation may establish a procedure by which the beneficial owner of shares that are registered in the name of a nominee is recognized by the corporation as the shareholder. The extent of this recognition may be determined in the procedure.

　　如果股票受益权所有人的股票是以提名人的名义注册的，公司应当建立一套程序，通过这一程序，公司将这些股票受益权所有人认可为股东。认可的范围可以在程序中确定。

　　(b) The procedure may set forth:

　　(1) the types of nominees to which it applies;

　　(2) the rights or privileges that the corporation recognizes in a beneficial owner;

　　(3) the manner in which the procedure is selected by the nominee;

　　(4) the information that must be provided when the procedure is selected;

　　(5) the period for which selection of the procedure is effective; and

　　(6) other aspects of the rights and duties created.

　　(b) 这一程序应该开列：

　　(1) 程序适用的被提名人的种类;

　　(2) 公司认可的受益所有权人的权利或特权;

　　(3) 被提名人选择程序的方式;

　　(4) 程序被选择以后必须规定的信息;

　　(5) 程序选择有效的期间;和

　　(6) 被创设权利义务的其他方面。

　　§ 7.24. CORPORATION'S ACCEPTANCE OF VOTES 公司对投票的接受

　　(a) If the name signed on a vote, consent, waiver, or proxy appointment corresponds to the name of a shareholder, the corporation if acting in good faith is entitled to accept the vote, consent, waiver, or proxy appointment and give it effect as the act of the shareholder.

　　如果表决票、同意书、弃权书或代理人任命书上的署名与股东的姓名一致，如果这些签署行为是善意的，则公司有权接受这一表决票、同意书、弃权书或代理人任命书，并认为其是有效的，就像是股东实施的行为一样。

　　(b) If the name signed on a vote, consent, waiver, or proxy appointment does not correspond to the name of its shareholder, the corporation if acting in good faith is nevertheless entitled to accept the vote, consent, waiver, or proxy appointment and give it effect as the act of the shareholder if:

　　如果表决票、同意书、弃权书或代理人任命书上的署名与股东的姓名不一致，但是如果这些签署行为是善意的，在下列情况下，公司有权接受这一表决票、同意书、弃权书或代理人任命书，并认为其是有效的，就像是股东实施的行为一样：

　　(1) the shareholder is an entity and the name signed purports to be that of an officer or agent of the entity;

　　(2) the name signed purports to be that of an administrator, executor, guardian, or conservator representing the shareholder and, if the corporation requests, evidence of fiduciary status acceptable to the corporation has been presented with respect to the vote, consent, waiver, or proxy appointment;

　　(1) 股东是一个实体，签署人声称其是该实体的高级职员或代理人;

　　(2) 签署人声称其是代表股东的管理人、执行人、监护人或保护人，并且如果公司要求，公司可接受的有关表决票、同意书、弃权书或代理人任命书的受信托人身份的证明已经呈交给公司;

　　(3) the name signed purports to be that of a receiver or trustee in bankruptcy of the shareholder and, if the corporation requests, evidence of this status acceptable to the corporation has been presented with respect to the vote, consent, waiver, or proxy appointment;

　　(4) the name signed purports to be that of a pledgee, beneficial owner, or attorney-in-fact of the shareholder and, if the corporation requests, evidence acceptable to the corporation of the signatory's authority to sign for the shareholder has been presented with respect to the vote, consent, waiver, or proxy appointment;

　　(3) 签署人声称其是股东破产时的接收人受托人，并且如果公司要求，公司可接受的有关表决票、同意书、弃权书或代理人任命书的受信托人身份的证明已经呈交给公司;

　　(4) 签署人声称其是接受抵押的人、受益所有权人或股东的代理人，并且如果公司要求，公司可接受的有关表决票、同意书、弃权书或代理人任命书的签字人代股东签字的权利的证明已经呈交给公司;

　　(5) two or more persons are the shareholder as co-tenants or fiduciaries and the name signed purports to be the name of at least one of the co-owners and the person signing appears to be acting on behalf of all the co-owners.

　　两个或两个以上的人以共有财产所有人或受信托人的身份成为股东，签署人声称其至少是共有人之一或好象是代表所有的共有人行事的签署人。

　　(c) The corporation is entitled to reject a vote, consent, waiver, or proxy appointment if the secretary or other officer or agent authorized to tabulate votes, acting in good faith, has reasonable basis for doubt about the validity of the signature on it or about the signatory's authority to sign for the shareholder.

　　如果被授权制表统计票数情况的，善意行事的书记或其他高级职员或代理人有合理的理由质疑表决票、同意书、弃权书或代理人任命书上签名的合法性或签名人代替股东签名的授权的合法性，则公司有权拒绝接受该表决票、同意书、弃权书或代理人任命书。

　　(d) The corporation and its officer or agent who accepts or rejects a vote, consent, waiver, or proxy appointment in good faith and in accordance with the standards of this section or section 7.22(b) are not liable in damages to the shareholder for the consequences of the acceptance or rejection.

　　善意地并且是根据本节或7.22(b)节规定的标准接受或拒绝表决票、同意书、弃权书或代理人任命书的公司和其高级官员或代理人并不因为接受和拒绝的后果而向股东承担损害赔偿责任。

　　(e) Corporate action based on the acceptance or rejection of a vote, consent, waiver, or proxy appointment under this section is valid unless a court of competent jurisdiction determines otherwise.

　　根据本节的规定，建立在对表决票、同意书、弃权书或代理人任命书的接受和拒绝基础上的股东或监督委员会的决议应是有效的，除非有管辖权的法院有相反的判决。

　　§ 7.25. QUORUM AND VOTING REQUIREMENTS FOR VOTING GROUPS

　　投票团体的法定票数和投票要求

　　(a) Shares entitled to vote as a separate voting group may take action on a matter at a meeting only if a quorum of those shares exists with respect to that matter. Unless the articles of incorporation or this Act provide otherwise, a majority of the votes entitled to be cast on the matter by the voting group constitutes a quorum of that voting group for action on that matter.

　　有权作为独立的投票团体投票的股票，只有在有关该事项的法定股票数存在的情况下，可以在股东会议上就某一事项采取行动。除非公司章程或公司内部规章细则另有规定，有权通过投票团体对某事项投票的多数票构成了投票团体对该事项采取行动的法定票数。

　　(b) Once a share is represented for any purpose at a meeting, it is deemed present for quorum purposes for the remainder of the meeting and for any adjournment of that meeting unless a new record date is or must be set for that adjourned meeting.

　　一旦为任何目的一股在一次会议上被提出来，该股就被认为其显示的目的是为了能在会议的剩余部分进行时构成法定股票数或为了在会议延期举行时构成法定股票数，除非是为了延期举行的会议确立或必须确立一个新的登记日。

　　(c) If a quorum exists, action on a matter (other than the election of directors) by a voting group is approved if the votes cast within the voting group favoring the action exceed the votes cast opposing the action, unless the articles of incorporation or this Act require a greater number of affirmative votes.

　　如果存在法定票数，又如果在投票团体内部的赞成票多于反对票，则投票团体在某一特定事项上(除选举股东外)所作出的决定就应该被批准，除非公司章程或本法规定了一个更高数量的赞成票。

　　(d) An amendment of articles of incorporation adding, changing, or deleting a quorum or voting requirement for a voting group greater than specified in subsection (a) or (c) is governed by section7.27.

　　有关增加、改变或删除法定票数或投票团体所要求的高于(a)小节和(c)小节所要求的票数的公司章程的修订由7.27节来调整。

　　(e) The election of directors is governed by section 7.28. 董事的选举由7.28节来调整。

　　§ 7.26. ACTION BY SINGLE AND MULTIPLE VOTING GROUPS

　　由单个或多个投票团体采取的行动

　　(a) If the articles of incorporation or this Act provide for voting by a single voting group on a matter, action on that matter is taken when voted upon by that voting group as provided in section 7.25.

　　如果公司章程或本法规定对某一事项应由单一投票团体来投票，则当该单一团体依据7.25节的规定对该事项投票时即为对该事项采取了行为。

　　(b) If the articles of incorporation or this act provide for voting by two or more voting groups on a matter, action on that matter is taken only when voted upon by each of those voting groups counted separately as provided in section 7.25. Action may be taken by one voting group on a matter even though no action is taken by another voting group entitled to vote on the matter.

　　如果公司章程或本法规定对某一事项应由两个或两个以上的投票团体投票，则当每个票数分别计算的投票团体依据7.25节的规定投票时，即为对该事项采取了行为。对某一事项可以由一个投票团体来单独采取行为，即使有投票权的另外投票团体没有采取任何行为。

　　§ 7.27. GREATER QUORUM OR VOTING REQUIREMENTS 更多的法定票数或投票要求

　　(a) The articles of incorporation may provide for a greater quorum or voting requirement for shareholders (or voting groups of shareholders) than is provided for by this Act.

　　公司章程可以为股东(或股东的投票团体)规定一个比本法所要求的更高的法定票数或投票要求。

　　(b) An amendment to the articles of incorporation that adds, changes, or deletes a greater quorum or voting requirement must meet the same quorum requirement and be adopted by the same vote and voting groups required to take action under the quorum and voting requirements then in effect or proposed to be adopted, whichever is greater.

　　增加、改变或删除一个较高的法定票数或投票要求的公司章程修订条款必须满足相同的法定票数要求，原有的投票或投票团体在采取行为时应适用当时仍然有效的和被提议采用的新的法定票数和投票要求中较高的那个法定票数和投票要求。

　　§ 7.28. VOTING FOR DIRECTORS; CUMULATIVE VOTING 投票选举董事;累计投票数

　　(a) Unless otherwise provided in the articles of incorporation, directorsare elected by a plurality of the votes cast by the shares entitled to vote in the election at a meeting at which a quorum is present.

　　除非公司章程另有规定，董事由在有法定人数出席的会议上对选举董事有投票权的股东的多数票来选出。

　　(b) Shareholders do not have a right to cumulate their votes for directors unless the articles of incorporation so provide.

　　除非公司章程有所规定，股东没有权利累积其选举董事的票数。

　　(c) A statement included in the articles of incorporation that "[all] [a designated voting group of] shareholders are entitled to cumulate their votes for directors" (or words of similar import) means that the shareholders designated are entitled to multiply the number of votes they are entitled to cast by the number of directors for whom they are entitled to vote and cast the product for a single candidate or distribute the product among two or more candidates.

　　公司章程中如果包含有"所有股东或股东指定的投票团体有权累积他们选举董事的票数"的声明(或相同含义的字样)，则其指的是那些指定的股东有权将其所投的票数乘以应选出的董事人数，然后将所得的结果累积到一个候选人身上或分摊到两个或两个以上的候选人身上。

　　(d) Shares otherwise entitled to vote cumulatively may not be voted cumulatively at a particular meeting unless:

　　(1) the meeting notice or proxy statement accompanying the notice states conspicuously that cumulative voting is authorized; or

　　(2) a shareholder who has the right to cumulate his votes gives notice to the corporation not less than 48 hours before the time set for the meeting of his intent to cumulate his votes during the meeting, and if one shareholder gives this notice all other shareholders in the same voting group participating in the election are entitled to cumulate their votes without giving further notice.

　　(d) 在其他会议上可以累积票数的股票在特殊会议上不得累积票数，除非：

　　(1) 会议通知书或附随于通知书的代理人声明明显说明投票人被授权累积票数;或

　　(2) 有权累积其票数的股东至少是在会议之前48小时通知公司他有意在会议期间累积其票数，并且如果有一个股东向公司发出这样的通知，那么，所有其他有权参与董事选举的属于同一投票团体的股东就有权累积他们的投票而不必给予进一步的通知。

　　§ 7.29. INSPECTORS OF ELECTION 选举调查员

　　(a) A corporation having any shares listed on a national securities exchange or regularly traded in a market maintained by one or more members of a national or affiliated securities association shall, and any other corporation may, appoint one or more inspectors to act at a meeting of shareholders and make a written report of the inspectors' determinations. Each inspector shall take and sign an oath faithfully to execute the duties of inspector with strict impartiality and according to the best of the inspector's ability.

　　在全国性的证券交易市场上挂牌交易的或固定地在由一个或多个全国性的或附属的证券协会成员维护的市场上交易的公司应该，以及任何其他的公司可以任命一位或多位调查员在股东大会上采取一些行为，并制作书面的调查员决定报告。每一位调查员都应该发誓或签署誓言书其会忠实地，公正地，尽自己充分所能地履行其职责

　　(b) The inspectors shall调查员应该

　　(1) ascertain the number of shares outstanding and the voting power of each;

　　查明已发行售出股票的数目以及每一股的投票权;

　　(2) determine the shares represented at a meeting; 决定在会议上被代表的股票;

　　(3) determine the validity of proxies and ballots; 决定代理人及投票的有效性;

　　(4) count all votes; and计算所有的票数;并

　　(5) determine the result. 决定计算结果。

　　(c) An inspector may be an officer or employee of the corporation.

　　调查员可以是公司的高级职员或公司的雇员。

　　Subchapter C. VOTING TRUSTS AND AGREEMENTS第三分章 投票信托组织和协议

　　§ 7.30. VOTING TRUSTS 投票信托组织

　　(a) One or more shareholders may create a voting trust, conferring on a trustee the right to vote or otherwise act for them, by signing an agreement setting out the provisions of the trust (which may include anything consistent with its purpose) and transferring their shares to the trustee. When a voting trust agreement is signed, the trustee shall prepare a list of the names and addresses of all owners of beneficial interests in the trust, together with the number and class of shares each transferred to the trust, and deliver copies of the list and agreement to the corporation's principal office.

　　一个或一个以上的股东可以设立一个投票信托组织，并通过一个协议将其投票权或其他权利授与该信托组织代为实施，并将其股票转让为信托组织。该协议上应该规定信托组织的条款(在条款中也可以包括与信托组织的目的一致的任何内容)。投票信托协议一经签署，受托人应该准备一份清单，该清单上列有投票信托组织的受益权所有人的姓名和地址，以及转让给信托组织的股票的数量和种类，并将协议和清单副本提交给公司的主要办事处。

　　(b) A voting trust becomes effective on the date the first shares subject to the trust are registered in the trustee's name. A voting trust is valid for not more than 10 years after its effective date unless extended under subsection (c).

　　当从属与信托组织的的第一张股票以信托组织的名义注册登记时起，投票信托组织开始生效。除非依据(c)小节的规定延期，投票信托组织的有效期自生效日起不得超过10年。

　　(c) All or some of the parties to a voting trust may extend it for additional terms of not more than 10 years each by signing written consent to the extension. An extension is valid for 10 years from the date the first shareholder signs the extension agreement. The voting trustee must deliver copies of the extension agreement and list of beneficial owners to the corporation's principal office. An extension agreement binds only those parties signing it.

　　参与信托组织的所有各方或部分当事方可以通过签署书面的延期同意书延展信托组织的期限，每次延期不得超过10年。一次延展的有效期是10年，时间从第一个股东开始签署延展协议时起算。投票信托组织必须将延展协议和受益权所有人的清单提交给公司的主要办事处。一个延展协议只对那些签署的股东当事人有约束力。

　　§ 7.31. VOTING AGREEMENTS 投票协议

　　(a) Two or more shareholders may provide for the manner in which they will vote their shares by signing an agreement for that purpose. A voting agreement created under this section is not subject to the provisions of section 7.30.

　　两个或两个以上的股东可以通过签署一个协议来规定他们投票的方式。依据本节签署的投票协议不受7.30.节规定的制约。

　　(b) A voting agreement created under this section is specifically enforceable.

　　依据本节所签署的投票协议明确规定是可以强制执行的。

　　§ 7.32. SHAREHOLDER AGREEMENTS 股东协议

　　(a) An agreement among the shareholders of a corporation that complies with this section is effective among the shareholders and the corporation even though it is inconsistent with one or more other provisions of this Act in that it:

　　公司股东之间按照本节签署的协议在股东和公司之间是有效的，即使该股东协议与本法的一条或多条其他规定存在不一致，表现在该股东协议：

　　(1) eliminates the board of directors or restricts the discretion or powers of the board of directors;

　　(2) governs the authorization or making of distributions whether or not in proportion to ownership of shares, subject to the limitations in section 6.40;

　　(3) establishes who shall be directors or officers of the corporation, or their terms of office or manner of selection or removal;

　　(1) 取消了董事会或限制了董事会的自由裁量权或董事会的权力;

　　(2) 依据第6.40节的规定了授权认可或利益分配，且这种分配不管是否是以股份所有权成比例;

　　(3) 规定了谁可以担任公司的董事或高级职员，或者规定高级职员的选拔条件或挑选和辞退的方法;

　　(4) governs, in general or in regard to specific matters, the exercise or division of voting power by or between the shareholders and directors or by or among any of them, including use of weighted voting rights or director proxies;

　　一般地或就某些特定的事项而言，规定股东和董事或股东和董事之间关于表决权的行使或划分他们之中的任何人或任何人之间关于表决权的行使，包含使用加权表决权或使用董事代理人;

　　(5) establishes the terms and conditions of any agreement for the transfer or use of property or the provision of services between the corporation and any shareholder, director, officer or employee of the corporation or among any of them;

　　规定了公司与任何股东、董事、高级职员或雇员之间或他们任何人之间为转让或使用财产或提供服务签定的协议的条件和条款;

　　(6) transfers to one or more shareholders or other persons all or part of the authority to exercise the corporate powers or to manage the business and affairs of the corporation, including the resolution of any issue about which there exists a deadlock among directors or shareholders;

　　将所有或部分的行使公司的权力或管理公司业务和事务的权力，包括对董事或股东之间存在的僵局的任何问题的解决的权力转让给一个或多个的股东;

　　(7) requires dissolution of the corporation at the request of one or more of the shareholders or upon the occurrence of a specified event or contingency; or

　　规定了应一个或一个以上股东的请求或发生了某一特定事件或意外的情况时应解散公司;

　　(8) otherwise governs the exercise of the corporate powers or the management of the business and affairs of the corporation or the relationship among the shareholders, the directors and the corporation, or among any of them, and is not contrary to public policy.

　　其他管辖公司权力的行使或公司业务和事务的管理或公司股东、董事以及公司之间或他们任何人之间关系的处理的规定。以上均不得与公共政策相抵触。

　　(b) An agreement authorized by this section shall be: 本节所授权认可的协议应该：

　　(1) set forth (A) in the articles of incorporation or bylaws and approved by all persons who are shareholders at the time of the agreement or (B) in a written agreement that is signed by all persons who are shareholders at the time of the agreement and is made known to the corporation;

　　(A)在公司章程或内部规章细则中规定，并经所有在制订该协议时的全体股东同意或(B)在一个书面的协议中规定，该书面协议由在制订协议时所有的股东签署并且为公司知晓;

　　(2) subject to amendment only by all persons who are shareholders at the time of the amendment, unless the agreement provides otherwise; and

　　(3) valid for 10 years, unless the agreement provides otherwise.

　　(2) 上述协议的修订只能由在修订当时所有的股东来实施，除非该协议另有规定;

　　(3) 上述协议的有效期为10年，除非协议另有规定。

　　(c) The existence of an agreement authorized by this section shall be noted conspicuously on the front or back of each certificate for outstanding shares or on the information statement required by section 6.26(b). If at the time of the agreement the corporation has shares outstanding represented by certificates, the corporation shall recall the outstanding certificates and issue substitute certificates that comply with this subsection. The failure to note the existence of the agreement on the certificate or information statement shall not affect the validity of the agreement or any action taken pursuant to it.

　　Any purchaser of shares who, at the time of purchase, did not have knowledge of the existence of the agreement shall be entitled to rescission of the purchase. A purchaser shall be deemed to have knowledge of the existence of the agreement if its existence is noted on the certificate or information

　　statement for the shares in compliance with this subsection and, if the shares are not represented by a certificate, the information statement is delivered to the purchaser at or prior to the time of purchase of the shares. An action to enforce the right of rescission authorized by this subsection must be commenced within the earlier of 90 days after discovery of the existence of the agreement or two years after the time of purchase of the shares.

　　在每一个已发行出售的股票证书的正面或背面或6.26(b)节规定的信息陈述中应明显地注明本协议。如果在本协议制订时，公司已经发行了有证书代表的股票，公司应该收回这些已发行的证书，并重新发行符合本节要求的替代证书。如果没有在股票证书或信息陈述中注明本协议的存在并不影响本协议的有效性以及按照本协议所采取措施的有效性。任何在购买股票的时候，不知道本协议的存在的股票购买者应有权撤回购买。如果按照本小节的规定，在股票证书或股票信息陈述中已经注明了本协议的存在，又如果公司的股票没有证书代表，而股票的信息陈述是在股票购买时或之前送交购买人，则视为购买者已经知道了本协议的存在。本小节所授与的实施购买撤回权的诉讼必须在发现本协议存在后的90天或股票购买后的两年，这两个日期中较早的那个日期提起。

　　(d) An agreement authorized by this section shall cease to be effective when shares of the corporation are listed on a national securities exchange or regularly traded in a market maintained by one or more members of a national or affiliated securities association. If the agreement ceases to be effective for any reason, the board of directors may, if the agreement is contained or referred to in the corporation's articles of incorporation or bylaws, adopt an amendment to the articles of incorporation or bylaws, without shareholder action, to delete the agreement and any references to it.

　　当公司的股票在全国性的证券交易市场上市或在由一个或一个以上的全国性的证券交易协会或其附属协会的成员支持的市场上正常交易时，本协议失效。如果本协议是因为任何原因而失效，又如果本协议被包含在公司章程或公司内部规章细则中，或在上述章程或细则中被提到，则董事会可以不经股东采取行动，修订公司章程或内部规章细则，取消协议以及任何提到协议的条款。

　　(e) An agreement authorized by this section that limits the discretion or powers of the board of directors shall relieve the directors of, and impose upon the person or persons in whom such discretion or powers are vested, liability for acts or omissions imposed by law on directors to the extent that the

　　discretion or powers of the directors are limited by the agreement.

　　本节所授权认可的，限制董事会的自由裁量权和权力的协议，应该免除法律强加于董事的作为或不作为的责任，并将法律所规定的这一责任强加于这些自由裁量权或权力已经授与的人，其范围限于本协议限制的董事的自由裁量或权力。

　　(f) The existence or performance of an agreement authorized by this section shall not be a ground for imposing personal liability on any shareholder for the acts or debts of the corporation even if the agreement or its performance treats the corporation as if it were a partnership or results in failure to observe the corporate formalities otherwise applicable to the matters governed by the agreement.

　　本协议的存在或履行不得成为一个将使任何股东对公司的行为或债务承担责任的理由，即使本协议及其执行好像将公司视作一个合伙组织或没有遵守适用于其他本协议规定事项的各种公司手续。

　　(g) Incorporators or subscribers for shares may act as shareholders with respect to an agreement authorized by this section if no shares have been issued when the agreement is made.

　　当制订本协议时公司还未发行任何股票，则发起人或股票的认购人可以就本节所授权认可的协议，以股东的身份行事。

　　Subchapter D. DERIVATIVE PROCEEDINGS 第四分章 派生的程序

　　§ 7.40. SUBCHAPTER DEFINITIONS 本分章的定义

　　In this subchapter: 在本分章中：

　　(1) "Derivative proceeding" means a civil suit in the right of a domestic corporation or, to the extent provided in section 7.47, in the right of a foreign corporation.

　　(2) "Shareholder" includes a beneficial owner whose shares are held in a voting trust or held by a nominee on the beneficial owner's behalf.

　　(1)"派生的程序"指的是有关本州公司的一种民事诉讼程序或在7.47节规定的范围内，有关外州公司的一种民事诉讼程序。

　　(2)"股东"包括一个受益权所有人，其股票由投票信托组织持有或由代表该受益权所有人的被提名人持有。

　　§ 7.41. STANDING 股东资格

　　A shareholder may not commence or maintain a derivative proceeding unless the shareholder:

　　(1) was a shareholder of the corporation at the time of the act or omission complained of or became a shareholder through transfer by operation of law from one who was a shareholder at that time; and

　　(2) fairly and adequately represents the interests of the corporation in enforcing the right of the corporation.

　　一个股东不得开始或持续一个派生的程序，除非该股东：:

　　(1) 在作为行为或不作为行为被控诉时是公司的股东或依据本法从当时的股东手中转让得到股票而成为一个公司的股东;和

　　(2) 在强制行使公司的权利时，公平地充分地代表了公司的利益。

　　§ 7.42. DEMAND 权利请求

　　No shareholder may commence a derivative proceeding until:

　　(1) a written demand has been made upon the corporation to take suitable action; and (2) 90 days have expired from the date the demand was made unless the shareholder has earlier been notified that the demand has been rejected by the corporation or unless irreparable injury to the corporation would result by waiting for the expiration of the 90-day period.

　　直到下列事项发生，股东才可以开始一个派生的程序：

　　(1) 已经向公司提出书面的权利请求书，要求采取恰当的行为来实现该权利请求;和(2)从权利请求书提出已过90天，除非股东提前接到公司有关该项权利请求已被否决的通知或除非等到90天届满会给公司造成无法补救的损害。

　　§ 7.43. STAY OF PROCEEDINGS 程序的中止

　　If the corporation commences an inquiry into the allegations made in the demand or complaint, the court may stay any derivative proceeding for such period as the court deems appropriate.

　　如果公司开始调查权利请求书或控诉书中的主张，法院可以在其认为是适当的期间中止任何派生的诉讼。

　　§ 7.44. DISMISSAL 不予受理

　　(a) A derivative proceeding shall be dismissed by the court on motion by the corporation if one of the groups specified in subsections (b) or (f) has determined in good faith after conducting a reasonable inquiry upon which its conclusions are based that the maintenance of the derivative proceeding is not in the best interests of the corporation.

　　(a) 如果(b)小节或(f)小节中明确的若干个团体中的一个团体在实施了一个合理的调查之后，基于该调查善意地作出一个决定，认为继续派生程序不符合公司的最大利益，法院应该应公司的动议不予受理一个派生的程序。

　　(b) Unless a panel is appointed pursuant to subsection (f), the determination in subsection (a) shall be made by:

　　(1) a majority vote of independent directors present at a meeting of the board of directors if the independent directors constitute a quorum; or

　　(2) a majority vote of a committee consisting of two or more independent directors appointed by majority vote of independent directors present at a meeting of the board of directors, whether or not such independent directors constituted a quorum.

　　(b) 除非依照(f)小节的规定指定一个工作小组，在(a)小节中所述的决定应该由下列人员作出：

　　(1) 如果出席董事会的独立董事构成法定数额，则参加董事会的独立董事的多数票可以作出上述决定;或

　　(2) 包含由出席董事会的独立董事的多数票指定的两个或两个以上的独立董事的委员会的多数票可以作出上述决定，不管这些独立董事是否构成法定人数。

　　(c) None of the following shall by itself cause a director to be considered not independent for purposes of this section:

　　(1) the nomination or election of the director by persons who are defendants in the derivative proceeding or against whom action is demanded;

　　(2) the naming of the director as a defendant in the derivative proceeding or as a person against whom action is demanded; or

　　(3) the approval by the director of the act being challenged in the derivative proceeding or demand if the act resulted in no personal benefit to the director.

　　(c) 下列行为本身并不能使一个股东被认为不属于本节规定的独立董事：

　　(1) 由派生程序中的被告或权利请求书所针对的人所提名或选举的董事;

　　(2) 在派生诉讼中被指明是被告或是被指明是权利请求书所针对的人的董事;或

　　(3) 在派生诉讼程序中，作出被质疑行为的董事承认了该行为或如果这一行为没有给这个股东带来什么个人的利益，该股东提起权利请求。

　　(d) If a derivative proceeding is commenced after a determination has been made rejecting a demand by a shareholder, the complaint shall allege with particularity facts establishing either (1) that a majority of the board of directors did not consist of independent directors at the time the determination was made or (2) that the requirements of subsection (a) have not been met.

　　如果在一个股东的权利请求被否决的决定作出之后才开始派生程序，控诉的特殊事实中应该证明(1)在否决决定作出的时候，董事会的多数票中并没有包含独立董事或(2)该否决决定没有满足(a)小节中的相关要求。

　　(e) If a majority of the board of directors does not consist of independent directors at the time the determination is made, the corporation shall have the burden of proving that the requirements of subsection (a) have been met. If a majority of the board of directors consists of independent directors at the time the determination is made, the plaintiff shall have the burden of proving that the requirements of subsection (a) have not been met.

　　如果在上述决定作出的时候，董事会的多数票中并没有包含独立董事，那么，公司应该承担举证责任，证明(a)小节中的相关要求已经得到满足。如果在上述决定作出的时候，董事会的多数票中包含有独立董事，那么，原告应承担举证责任，证明(a)小节中的相关要求没有得到满足。

　　(f) The court may appoint a panel of one or more independent persons upon motion by the corporation to make a determination whether the maintenance of the derivative proceeding is in the best interests of the corporation. In such case, the plaintiff shall have the burden of proving that the requirements of subsection (a) have not been met.

　　法院可以应公司提起的动议指定包含有一个或多个独立董事的工作小组，由该小组决定继续该派生程序是否符合公司的最大利益。在这种情况下，原告应承担举证责任，证明(a)小节中的相关要求没有得到满足。

　　§ 7.45. DISCONTINUANCE OR SETTLEMENT 程序的终止或调解

　　A derivative proceeding may not be discontinued or settled without the court's approval. If the court determines that a proposed discontinuance or settlement will substantially affect the interests of the corporation's shareholders or a class of shareholders, the court shall direct that notice be given to the shareholders affected.

　　没有法院的同意，派生的程序不可以终止或调解。如果法院认定被提议终止或调解的派生程序将会对公司股东或某一类股东的利益产生实质性的影响，则法院应该指定通知受影响的股东。

　　§ 7.46. PAYMENT OF EXPENSES 支付费用

　　On termination of the derivative proceeding the court may:

　　(1) order the corporation to pay the plaintiff's reasonable expenses (including counsel fees) incurred in the proceeding if it finds that the proceeding has resulted in a substantial benefit to the corporation;

　　(2) order the plaintiff to pay any defendant's reasonable expenses (including counsel fees) incurred in defending the proceeding if it finds that the proceeding was commenced or maintained without reasonable cause or for an improper purpose; or

　　派生程序终止时，法院可以：

　　(1) 如果法院认为该派生的程序给公司带来了实质上的利益命令法院向原告支付在派生程序中所发生的合理的费用(包括律师费)。

　　(2) 如果法院认为该派生程序的开始或继续是没有合理的诉因或具有不正当的目的，法院可以命令原告向被告支付在派生程序中所发生的合理的费用(包括律师费)。

　　(3) order a party to pay an opposing party's reasonable expenses (including counsel fees) incurred because of the filing of a pleading, motion or other paper, if it finds that the pleading, motion or other paper was not well grounded in fact, after reasonable inquiry, or warranted by existing law or a good faith argument for the extension, modification or reversal of existing law and was interposed for an improper purpose, such as to harass or cause unnecessary delay or needless increase in the cost of litigation.

　　如果法院在经过合理的调查认为一方提起的起诉状、动议或其他诉讼文件是没有合理的的依据的，或者现有的法律或按照现有法律的延伸、修改或推翻的善意论点也不能证明其是正当的，并认为该派生程序是出于不正当的目的提起的，比如干扰或造成诉讼的不必要的拖延或不必要的诉讼费用的增加，则法院可以命令一方向对立的一方支付由于起诉、提起动议或其他诉讼文件而所造成的合理的费用(包括律师费)。

　　§ 7.47. APPLICABILITY TO FOREIGN CORPORATIONS 对外州公司的适用性

　　In any derivative proceeding in the right of a foreign corporation, the matters covered by this subchapter shall be governed by the laws of the jurisdiction of incorporation of the foreign corporation except for sections 7.43, 7.45, and 7.46.

　　在为外州公司的权利而提起的派生程序中，本分章所涉及的事项除7.43, 7.45, 和7.46节的规定外均受关于外州公司组成的法律的调整。

　　CHAPTER 8 DIRECTORS AND OFFICERS第八章 董事和高级职员

　　Subchapter A. BOARD OF DIRECTORS第一分章 董事会

　　§ 8.01. Requirement for and duties of board of directors对董事会的要求和董事会的责任

　　§ 8.02. Qualifications of directors董事资格

　　§ 8.03. Number and election of directors董事人数和董事的选举

　　§ 8.04. Election of directors by certain classes of shareholders一定种类股东对董事的选举

　　§ 8.05. Terms of directors generally董事的一般任期

　　§ 8.06. Staggered terms for directors董事的交错任期

　　§ 8.07. Resignation of directors董事的辞职

　　§ 8.08. Removal of directors by shareholders股东免除董事

　　§ 8.09. Removal of directors by judicial proceeding通过司法程序废除股东

　　§ 8.10. Vacancy on board董事会的空缺

　　§ 8.11. Compensation of directors 董事的补充

　　Subchapter B. MEETINGS AND ACTION OF THE BOARD第二分章 董事会会议和活动

　　§ 8.20. Meetings董事会会议

　　§ 8.21. Action without meeting不经过董事会所采取的行动

　　§ 8.22. Notice of meeting会议通知书

　　§ 8.23. Waiver of notice放弃取得通知书的权利

　　§ 8.24. Quorum and voting法定人数和投票

　　§ 8.25. Committees 委员会

　　Subchapter C. DIRECTORS第三分章 董事

　　§ 8.30. Standards of conduct for directors董事的行为准则

　　§ 8.31. Standards of liability for directors董事的归责标准

　　§ 8.32. (Reserved) (保留)

　　§ 8.33. Directors' liability for unlawful distributions 董事非法分配的责任

　　Subchapter D. OFFICERS第四分章 高级职员

　　§ 8.40. Officers高级职员

　　§ 8.41. Duties of officers高级职员的责任

　　§ 8.42. Standards of conduct for officers高级职员的行为准则

　　§ 8.43. Resignation and removal of officers高级职员的退休和免除

　　§ 8.44. Contract rights of officers 高级职员的缔约权

　　Subchapter E. INDEMNIFICATION AND ADVANCE FOR EXPENSES

　　第五分章 补偿和为费用而支出的预付款

　　§ 8.50. Subchapter definitions本分章的定义

　　§ 8.51. Permissible indemnification可容许的补偿

　　§ 8.52. Mandatory indemnification强制性的补偿

　　§ 8.53. Advance for expenses为费用而支出的预付款

　　§ 8.54. Court-ordered indemnification and advance for expenses

　　法院命令作出的补偿和预付款的支出

　　§ 8.55. Determination and authorization of indemnification补偿的决定和授权

　　§ 8.56. Indemnification of officers高级职员的补偿

　　§ 8.57. Insurance保险

　　§ 8.58. Variation by corporate action; application of subchapter

　　公司活动引起的变动;本分章的适用

　　§ 8.59. Exclusivity of subchapter 本分章的排他性

　　Subchapter F. DIRECTORS' CONFLICTING INTEREST TRANSACTIONS

　　第六分章 董事的冲突利益交易

　　§ 8.60. Subchapter definitions本分章的定义

　　§ 8.61. Judicial action司法活动

　　§ 8.62. Directors' action董事诉讼

　　§ 8.63. Shareholders' action 股东诉讼

　　Subchapter A. BOARD OF DIRECTORS 第一分章 董事会

　　§ 8.01. REQUIREMENT FOR AND DUTIES OF BOARD OF DIRECTORS

　　§ 8.01. 对董事会的要求和董事会的责任

　　(a) Except as provided in section 7.32, each corporation must have a board of directors.

　　(b) All corporate powers shall be exercised by or under the authority of, and the business and affairs of the corporation managed by or under the direction of, its board of directors, subject to any limitation set forth in the articles of incorporation or in an agreement authorized under section 7.32.

　　(a) 除7.32节的规定外，每个公司都有一个董事会。

　　(b) 所有公司的权力应由董事会行使或在其许可下行使，所有的公司的业务和事务应由董事会管理或在董事会的指导下管理，并遵守在公司章程或依据7.32节授权认可的协议中规定的任何限制条款。

　　§ 8.02. QUALIFICATIONS OF DIRECTORS 董事资格

　　The articles of incorporation or bylaws may prescribe qualifications for directors. A director need not be a resident of this state or a shareholder of the corporation unless the articles of incorporation or bylaws so prescribe.

　　公司的章程或内部规章细则可以规定董事的资格。董事可以不必是本州的居民或公司的股东，除非公司章程或内部规章细则如此规定。

　　§ 8.03. NUMBER AND ELECTION OF DIRECTORS 董事人数和董事的选举

　　(a) A board of directors must consist of one or more individuals, with the number specified in or fixed in accordance with the articles of incorporation or bylaws.

　　(b) The number of directors may be increased or decreased from time to time by amendment to, or in the manner provided in, the articles of incorporation or the bylaws.

　　(c) Directors are elected at the first annual shareholders' meeting and at each annual meeting thereafter unless their terms are staggered under section 8.06.

　　(a) 董事会必须由一个或一个以上的个人组成，其数目应由公司章程或内部规章细则来明确或由章程或细则来确定。

　　(b) 董事会可以通过修订公司章程或内部规章细则或公司章程或内部规章细则中规定的方式，不时地增加或减少董事。

　　(c) 董事在第一次股东年度会议以及以后的每次年度会议上选出，除非董事的任期是按照8.06的规定是交错的。

　　§ 8.04. ELECTION OF DIRECTORS BY CERTAIN CLASSES OF SHAREHOLDERS

　　一定种类股东对董事的选举

　　If the articles of incorporation authorize dividing the shares into classes, the articles may also authorize the election of all or a specified number of directors by the holders of one or more authorized classes of shares. A class (or classes) of shares entitled to elect one or more directors is a separate voting group for purposes of the election of directors.

　　如果公司章程授权将股票分成不同的种类，则公司章程也可以授权认可一个或多个被认可的股票种类的持有者选举所有的或一定数目的董事。一种(多种)有权选举一个或多个董事的股票属于一个以选举董事为目的的独立的投票团体。

　　§ 8.05. TERMS OF DIRECTORS GENERALLY 董事的一般任期

　　(a) The terms of the initial directors of a corporation expire at the first shareholders' meeting at which directors are elected.

　　(b) The terms of all other directors expire at the next annual shareholders' meeting following their election unless their terms are staggered under section 8.06.

　　(c) A decrease in the number of directors does not shorten an incumbent director's term.

　　(d) The term of a director elected to fill a vacancy expires at the next shareholders' meeting at which directors are elected.

　　(e) Despite the expiration of a director's term, he continues to serve until his successor is elected and qualifies or until there is a decrease in the number of directors.

　　(a) 公司最初董事的任期在选举董事的第一次股东大会召开时届满。

　　(b) 公司其他董事的任期在他们选出之后的下一次股东年度大会召开时届满，除非他们的任期根据8.06节的规定是交错的。

　　(c) 董事数目的减少并不缩减现任董事的任期。

　　(d) 为填补空缺而选举出的董事，其任期在下一次选举董事的股东大会召开时届满。

　　(e) 尽管董事的任期已届满，但该董事应继续提供服务，直到他的继任者已经选出并合格或者直到需要减少董事人数。

　　§ 8.06. STAGGERED TERMS FOR DIRECTORS. 董事的交错任期

　　The articles of incorporation may provide for staggering the terms of directors by dividing the total number of directors into two or three groups, with each group containing one-half or one-third of the total, as near as may be. In that event, the terms of directors in the first group expire at the first annual shareholders' meeting after their election, the terms of the second group expire at the second annual shareholders' meeting after their election, and the terms of the third group, if any, expire at the third annual shareholders' meeting after their election. At each annual shareholders' meeting held thereafter, directors shall be chosen for a term of two years or three years, as the case may be, to succeed those whose terms expire.

　　公司章程可以通过将董事的总人数区分为两个或三个团体规定董事的交错任期，每一个团体包含1/2或1/3的董事人数，且每个团体的数目要尽可能地接近。在那种情况下，在第一个团体中董事的任期在他们选出之后的第一次股东年度大会召开时到期，第二个团体中董事的任期在他们选出之后的第二次股东年度大会召开时到期，第三个团体中董事的任期，如果有的话，在他们选出后的第三次股东年度大会召开时到期。在此后举行的每一次股东年度大会上，应视情况选出任期为两年或三年的董事来接替那些任期已经到期的董事。

　　§ 8.07. RESIGNATION OF DIRECTORS 董事的辞职

　　(a) A director may resign at any time by delivering written notice to the board of directors, its chairman, or to the corporation.

　　(b) A resignation is effective when the notice is delivered unless the notice specifies a later effective date.

　　(a) 董事在任何时候都可以向董事会、董事会主席或公司递交一份书面的通知来辞职。

　　(b) 当董事递交了辞职通知时，其辞职开始生效，除非辞职通知规定了一个较晚的生效期。

　　§ 8.08. REMOVAL OF DIRECTORS BY SHAREHOLDERS 股东免除董事

　　(a) The shareholders may remove one or more directors with or without cause unless the articles of incorporation provide that directors may be removed only for cause.

　　(b) If a director is elected by a voting group of shareholders, only the shareholders of that voting group may participate in the vote to remove him.

　　(a) 股东可以免除一个或一个以上的董事，不管有没有理由。除非公司章程规定只有在有理由的情况下股东才可以免除董事。

　　(b) 如果董事是由一个股东投票团体选出的，则只有该投票团体的股东可以参与免除该董事的投票。

　　(c) If cumulative voting is authorized, a director may not be removed if the number of votes sufficient to elect him under cumulative voting is voted against his removal. If cumulative voting is not authorized, a director may be removed only if the number of votes cast to remove him exceeds the number of votes cast not to remove him.

　　(d) A director may be removed by the shareholders only at a meeting called for the purpose of removing him and the meeting notice must state that the purpose, or one of the purposes, of the meeting is removal of the director.

　　(c) 在授权认可累积投票的情况下，如果依据累积投票足以选出他的票数投票反对免除该董事，则他不得被免除。如果累积投票没有被授权认可，则只有在投票同意免除他的票数超过不同意免除他的票数，该董事才可以被免除。

　　(d) 董事只在要求免除他而召开的会议上由股东来免除，并且会议的通知必须说明会议的目的，或目的之一是为了免除董事。

　　§ 8.09. REMOVAL OF DIRECTORS BY JUDICIAL PROCEEDING 通过司法程序撤销股东

　　(a) The [name or describe] court of the county where a corporation's principal office (or, if none in this state, its registered office) is located may remove a director of the corporation from office in a proceeding commenced by or in the right of the corporation if the court finds that (1) the director engaged in fraudulent conduct with respect to the corporation or its shareholders, grossly abused the position of director, or intentionally inflicted harm on the corporation; and (2) considering the director's course of conduct and the inadequacy of other available remedies, removal would be in the best interest of the corporation.

　　(b) A shareholder proceeding on behalf of the corporation under subsection (a) shall comply with all of the requirements of sub-chapter 7D, except section 7.41(1).

　　(c) The court, in addition to removing the director, may bar the director from reelection for a period prescribed by the court.

　　(d) Nothing in this section limits the equitable powers of the court to order other relief.

　　(a) 公司的主要办事处(或者如果没有主要办事处，则为注册地)所在地的某县某法院[名称或描述] 如果认为(1) 董事对公司或公司股东实施了欺诈，滥用了董事的职权或故意给公司造成了损害;并(2)认为缺乏其他可利用的补救，免除其职务符合公司的最大利益，可以免除在公司提起的诉讼程序或代表公司权利提起的诉讼程序中免除董事的职务。

　　(b) 依据(a)小节的规定股东提起的代表公司的诉讼应该遵守第四分章中除7.41(1)节之外的所有规定。

　　(c) 除了可以免除股东外，法院也可以禁止董事在其所规定的期间内再次参与选举。

　　(d) 本节的规定并不限制法院发出其他救济命令的衡平的权力。

　　§ 8.10. VACANCY ON BOARD 董事会的空缺

　　(a) Unless the articles of incorporation provide otherwise, if a vacancy occurs on a board of directors, including a vacancy resulting from an increase in the number of directors:

　　(1) the shareholders may fill the vacancy;

　　(2) the board of directors may fill the vacancy; or

　　(3) if the directors remaining in office constitute fewer than a quorum of the board, they may fill the vacancy by the affirmative vote of a majority of all the directors remaining in office.

　　(a) 除非公司章程另有规定，如果董事会出现空缺，包括由于需要增加董事而造成的董事职位的空缺：

　　(1) 股东可以填补这一空缺;

　　(2) 董事会可以填补这一空缺;或

　　(3) 如果留任就职的董事人数少于法定的数额，这些股东可以通过所有留任就职的董事投赞成票来填补空缺。

　　(b) If the vacant office was held by a director elected by a voting group of shareholders, only the holders of shares of that voting group are entitled to vote to fill the vacancy if it is filled by the shareholders.

　　如果空缺的董事职位是由经股东投票团体选举产生的董事来担任，则如果由股东来填补这一空缺，只有该投票团体股票的持有人享有这一权利。

　　(c) A vacancy that will occur at a specific later date (by reason of a resignation effective at a later date under section 8.07(b) or otherwise) may be filled before the vacancy occurs but the new director may not take office until the vacancy occurs.

　　在将来某个特定的时期(由于依据8.07(b)节辞职通知书是在一个将来的日期生效或其他原因 )出现的董事职位的空缺可以在空缺出现之前填补，但是新的董事要等到空缺实际出现时才可以就职。

　　§ 8.11. COMPENSATION OF DIRECTORS 董事的报酬

　　Unless the articles of incorporation or bylaws provide otherwise, the board of directors may fix the compensation of directors.

　　除非公司章程或公司内部规章细则另有规定，董事会可以规定董事的报酬。

　　第二分章 董事会会议和活动 MEETINGS

　　§ 8.20. 董事会会议

　　(a) The board of directors may hold regular or special meetings in or out of this state.

　　(b) Unless the articles of incorporation or bylaws provide otherwise, the board of directors may permit any or all directors to participate in a regular or special meeting by, or conduct the meeting through the use of, any means of communication by which all directors participating may simultaneously hear each other during the meeting. A director participating in a meeting by this means is deemed to be present in person at the meeting.

　　(a)董事会可以在本州之内或本州之外举行定期会议或特别会议。

　　(b) 除非公司章程或内部规章细则另有规定，董事会可以允许任何或所有的董事利用任何方式参与定期会议或特别会议或使用这些方式来召开会议。这些方式要求与会的所有董事在会议期间同时听取对方意见，互相进行交流。董事按照此方式参与会议视为该董事亲自出席了会议。

　　§ 8.21. ACTION WITHOUT MEETING 不经过董事会会议所采取的行动

　　(a) Except to the extent that the articles of incorporation or bylaws require that action by the board of directors be taken at a meeting, action required or permitted by this Act to be taken by the board of directors may be taken without a meeting if each director signs a consent describing the action to be taken and delivers it to the corporation.

　　除公司章程或内部规章细则要求董事会必须召开董事会会议采取行动外，本法要求或允许董事会会议所采取的行为也可以不经过董事会会议来实施，只要所有的股东都签署一个书面的同意书并提交给公司，该同意书中描述了董事会实施这些行为的情况。

　　(b) Action taken under this section is the act of the board of directors when one or more consents signed by all the directors are delivered to the corporation. The consent may specify the time at which the action taken thereunder is to be effective. A director's consent may be withdrawn by a revocation signed by the director and delivered to the corporation prior to delivery to the corporation of unrevoked written consents signed by all the directors.

　　当所有的董事所签署的一个或多个的同意书被递交给公司时，依照本节的规定实施的行为即为董事会的行为。同意书上应明确依据本节所采取行为生效的时间。董事也可以签署一个撤回文书来收回自己的同意决定，但这个撤回文书必须是在所有股东签署的未撤回的书面同意书递交给公司之前交给公司。

　　(c) A consent signed under this section has the effect of action taken at a meeting of the board of directors and may be described as such in any document.

　　依据本节所签署的同意书有相当于董事会召开会议投票表决的效力，并且在任何文件中都可以将该书面同意书称之为投票表决结果。

　　§ 8.22. NOTICE OF MEETING 会议通知书

　　(a) Unless the articles of incorporation or bylaws provide otherwise, regular meetings of the board of directors may be held without notice of the date, time, place, or purpose of the meeting.

　　(b) Unless the articles of incorporation or bylaws provide for a longer or shorter period, special meetings of the board of directors must be preceded by at least two days' notice of the date, time, and place of the meeting. The notice need not describe the purpose of the special meeting unless required by the articles of incorporation or bylaws.

　　(a) 除非公司章程或内部规章细则另有规定，在没有通知会议日期、时间、地点或目的的情况下，董事回可以召开定期会议。

　　(b) 除非公司章程或内部规章细则规定了一个更长或更短的期限，董事会的特别会议可以在有关会议日期、时间、地点的通知发出至少提前两天召开。该通知书也不必规定召开特别会议的目的，除非公司章程或内部规章细则规定要写明召开会议的目的。

　　§ 8.23. WAIVER OF NOTICE 放弃取得通知书的权利

　　(a) A director may waive any notice required by this Act, the articles of incorporation, or bylaws before or after the date and time stated in the notice. Except as provided by subsection (b), the waiver must be in writing, signed by the director entitled to the notice, and filed with the minutes or corporate records.

　　董事可以在通知书中说明的日期之前或之后放弃本法、公司章程或内部规章细则所规定的取得通知书的权利。除(b)小节的规定外，弃权必须采取书面的形式，由有权收取通知的董事签署书面弃权书，并连同会议记录或公司记录一起送交归档。

　　(b) A director's attendance at or participation in a meeting waives any required notice to him of the meeting unless the director at the beginning of the meeting (or promptly upon his arrival) objects to holding the meeting or transacting business at the meeting and does not thereafter vote for or assent to action taken at the meeting.

　　股东参与会议或为会议做准备，如此就表示他放弃了其应收到的有关会议的通知，除非在会议开始时(或他一到达会议地点)就反对召开会议或反对在会议上处理业务并且在此后并不赞成或同意在会议上所采取的行为。

　　§ 8.24. QUORUM AND VOTING 法定人数和投票

　　(a) Unless the articles of incorporation or bylaws require a greater number or unless otherwise specifically provided in this Act, a quorum of a board of directors consists of:

　　(1) a majority of the fixed number of directors if the corporation has a fixed board size; or

　　(2) a majority of the number of directors prescribed, or if no number is prescribed the number in office immediately before the meeting begins, if the corporation has a variable-range size board.

　　(b) The articles of incorporation or bylaws may authorize a quorum of a board of directors to consist of no fewer than one-third of the fixed or prescribed number of directors determined under subsection

　　(a).除非公司章程或内部规章细则规定了一个更大的数字或本法有明确的相反规定，董事会的法定人数应包含：

　　(1) 如果公司有固定的董事人数，则固定董事中的多数;或

　　(2) 如果公司有一个可变动的董事人数范围，在变动范围明确规定董事数目的，则为确定人数中的多数，如果没有规定确定人数的，则为在会议召开之前在办事处的董事人数。

　　(b) 公司章程或内部规章细则可以授权认可董事会的法定数额中包含不少于1/3的固定董事人数或依据本小节所确定的董事人数。

　　(c) If a quorum is present when a vote is taken, the affirmative vote of a majority of directors present is the act of the board of directors unless the articles of incorporation or bylaws require the vote of a greater number of directors.

　　如果投票时法定人数的董事出席会议，则出席会议的多数董事的赞成票即为董事会所做的决定，除非公司章程或内部规章细则规定了一个更高数额的董事票数要求。

　　(d) A director who is present at a meeting of the board of directors or a committee of the board of directors when corporate action is taken is deemed to have assented to the action taken unless:

　　(1) he objects at the beginning of the meeting (or promptly upon his arrival) to holding it or transacting business at the meeting;

　　(2) his dissent or abstention from the action taken is entered in the minutes of the meeting; or

　　(3) he delivers written notice of his dissent or abstention to the presiding officer of the meeting before its adjournment or to the corporation immediately after adjournment of the meeting. The right of dissent or abstention is not available to a director who votes in favor of the action taken.

　　(d) 当公司决议作出时，出席董事会会议或董事会委员会的董事被认为同意公司作出的该决议，除非：

　　(1) 在会议开始时(或他一到达会议地点)他就反对召开会议或反对在会议上处理业务;

　　(2) 他的不同意见或对该决议的拒绝列入会议记录;或

　　(3) 在会议延迟之前，他已经向主持会议的高级职员递交了书面的不同意或拒绝的通知书或在会议延期之后很快地向公司发出此通知。董事提出异议或拒绝的权利并不适用于投票赞同公司决议的董事。

　　§ 8.25. COMMITTEES 委员会

　　(a) Unless this Act, the articles of incorporation or the bylaws provide otherwise, a board of directors may create one or more committees and appoint one or more members of the board of directors to serve on any such committee.

　　除非本法、公司章程或内部规章细则另有规定，董事会可以设立一个或一个以上的委员会，并任命一个或一个以上的董事会成员按照这些董事会的要求提供服务。

　　(b) Unless this Act otherwise provides, the creation of a committee and appointment of members to it must be approved by the greater of (1) a majority of all the directors in office when the action is taken or (2) the number of directors required by the articles of incorporation or bylaws to take action under section 8.24.

　　除非本法另有规定，委员会的设立以及成员的任命必须由下列人数中较多的人数来批准(1)在作出公司决议时，所有在办事处的董事中的多数或(2) 依据8.24节的规定作出决议时公司章程或内部规章细则所要求的董事人数。

　　(c) Sections 8.20 through 8.24 apply both to committees of the board and to their members.

　　有关8.20节至8.24节的规定都适用于董事会委员会及其成员。

　　(d) To the extent specified by the board of directors or in the articles of incorporation or bylaws, each committee may exercise the powers of the board of directors under section 8.01.

　　在董事会或公司章程或内部规章细则的明确规定的范围内，每一个委员会都可以行使依据8.01小节规定的董事会的权力。

　　(e) A committee may not, however:

　　(1) authorize or approve distributions, except according to a formula or method, or within limits, prescribed by the board of directors;

　　(2) approve or propose to shareholders action that this Act requires be approved by shareholders;

　　(3) fill vacancies on the board of directors or, subject to subsection (g), on any of its committees; or

　　(4) adopt, amend, or repeal bylaws.

　　(e) 但是委员会不得：

　　(1) 授权或批准分配，除依据董事会规定的公式、方法或依据这一规定的限制外;

　　(2) 批准或建议股东实施按照本法只能由股东批准的行为;

　　(3) 依据(g)小节的规定填补董事会的空缺或委员会的空缺;或

　　(4) 适用、修订或废除公司内部规章细则。

　　(f) The creation of, delegation of authority to, or action by a committee does not alone constitute compliance by a director with the standards of conduct described in section 8.30.

　　(f) 委员会的设立、权力的委托或采取的行为单独并不说明董事遵守了8.30节中规定的行为准则。

　　(g) The board of directors may appoint one or more directors as alternate members of any committee to replace any absent or disqualified member during the member's absence or disqualification. Unless the articles of incorporation or the bylaws or the resolution creating the committee provide otherwise, in the event of the absence or disqualification of a member of a committee, the member or members present at any meeting and not disqualified from voting, unanimously, may appoint another director to act in place of the absent or disqualified member.

　　董事会在有委员会成员缺席或不适格的情况下，可以任命一个或多个董事作为替代的委员会成员，从而代替任何缺席或不合格的成员。除非公司章程或公司内部规章细则或设立委员会的决议书另有规定，如果委员会的成员缺席或不适格，出席会议的成员以及未限制投票的成员，可以全体一致地任命另一位董事代替缺席的或不适格的成员来行事。

　　Subchapter C. DIRECTORS第三分章 董事

　　§ 8.30. STANDARDS OF CONDUCT FOR DIRECTORS 董事的行为准则

　　(a) Each member of the board of directors, when discharging the duties of a director, shall act: (1) in good faith, and (2) in a manner the director reasonably believes to be in the best interests of the corporation.

　　董事会的每一个成员在履行董事的义务时应：(1) 善意地并且(2)采用董事有合理的理由相信是符合公司最大利益的方式履行义务。

　　(b) The members of the board of directors or a committee of the board, when becoming informed in connection with their decision-making function or devoting attention to their oversight function, shall discharge their duties with the care that a person in a like position would reasonably believe appropriate under similar circumstances.

　　董事会的成员或董事委员会在了解了与其作出决定的职责相关的信息或致力于其监察职责时应该谨慎履行其义务，其谨慎程度就象一个平常人在类似的情形下合理地认为是适当地履行义务。

　　(c) In discharging board or committee duties a director, who does not have knowledge that makes reliance unwarranted, is entitled to rely on the performance by any of the persons specified in subsection (e)(1) or subsection (e)(3) to whom the board may have delegated, formally or informally by course of conduct, the authority or duty to perform one or more of the board's functions that are delegable under applicable law.

　　董事在履行董事会或委员会的职责时，如果拥有了可靠的信息资料，则该董事有权信赖在小节(e)(1)或(e)(3)中明确的任何人的行为，这些人已经被董事会通过行为的实施，正式或非正式地授权实施一项或多项依据适用法可以授权的董事会的职责。

　　(d) In discharging board or committee duties a director, who does not have knowledge that makes reliance unwarranted, is entitled to rely on information, opinions, reports or statements, including financial statements and other financial data, prepared or presented by any of the persons specified in subsection (e).

　　董事在履行董事会或委员会的职责时，如果拥有了可靠的信息资料，则该董事有权信赖在(e)小节中规定的任何人所准备或提出的信息、观点、报告或陈述，包括财务陈述和其他财务数据。

　　(e) A director is entitled to rely, in accordance with subsection (c) or (d), on:

　　(1) one or more officers or employees of the corporation whom the director reasonably believes to be reliable and competent in the functions performed or the information, opinions, reports or statements provided;

　　(2) legal counsel, public accountants, or other persons retained by the corporation as to matters involving skills or expertise the director reasonably believes are matters (i) within the particular person's professional or expert competence or (ii) as to which the particular person merits confidence; or

　　(3) a committee of the board of directors of which the director is not a member if the director reasonably believes the committee merits confidence.

　　(e) 依据(c)小节和(d)小节的规定，董事有权信赖下列人员所提供的信息：

　　(1) 一个或一个以上的公司高级职员或雇员，董事有合理的理由相信他们在履行职责或提供信息、观点、报告或陈述时是可靠的并且是有能力的;

　　(2) 法律顾问、正式会计或其他公司聘用的具有专长和技能的人，董事有合理的理由相信 (i) 上述人所提供的信息材料属于其特殊的个人职业或专家技能范围或(ii)特殊的值得信赖的人所提供的信息;或

　　(3) 董事会委员会所提供的信息材料，并且没有参与董事会委员会的董事有合理的理由相信该委员会是值得信赖的。

　　§ 8.31 STANDARDS OF LIABILITY FOR DIRECTORS 董事的归责标准

　　(a) A director shall not be liable to the corporation or its shareholders for any decision to take or not to take action, or any failure to take any action, as a director, unless the party asserting liability in a proceeding establishes that:

　　董事就任何采取行为或没有采取行为的决议或没有采取的行为并不应对公司及其股东承担责任，除非主张董事应当承担责任的一方在诉讼程序中证明：

　　(1) any provision in the articles of incorporation authorized by section 2.02(b)(4) or the protection afforded by section 8.61 for action taken in compliance with section 8.62 or 8.63, if interposed as a bar to the proceeding by the director, does not preclude liability; and

　　2.02(b)(4)节授权的公司章程中的任何条款或8.61节为依据8.62 或8.63节所实施的行为所提供的保护条款，如果是为禁止董事提起的诉讼程序而提出的话，并没有排除董事的责任;和

　　(2) the challenged conduct consisted or was the result of:

　　(i) action not in good faith; or

　　(ii) a decision

　　(A) which the director did not reasonably believe to be in the best interests of the corporation, or

　　(B) as to which the director was not informed to an extent the director reasonably believed appropriate in the circumstances; or

　　(2) 被质疑的行为被认为是或本来就是：

　　(i) 恶意的行为;或

　　(ii) 一个这样的决定

　　(A) 董事并没有合理的理由相信这一决定是符合公司的最大利益的，或

　　(B) 董事对有关情况的了解并没有使他有合理的理由相信在这种情况下作出这一决定是适当的;或

　　(iii) a lack of objectivity due to the director's familial, financial or business relationship with, or a lack of independence due to the director's domination or control by, another person having a material interest in the challenged conduct

　　(A) which relationship or which domination or control could reasonably be expected to have affected the director's judgment respecting the challenged conduct in a manner adverse to the corporation, and

　　(B) after a reasonable expectation to such effect has been established, the director shall not have established that the challenged conduct was reasonably believed by the director to be in the best interests of the corporation; or

　　(iii) 由于董事家族的、财务的或商业的关系的介入而使该行为缺乏客观性或由于董事的统治或控制而缺乏独立性，对被质疑行为具有物质利益的他人

　　(A) 其关系或统治或控制地位可能会影响该董事对以不利于公司的方式实施的被质疑行为的判断，和

　　(B) 董事已经合理地预料到了这样一些影响之后，董事不该就此证明其已经合理地相信被质疑的行为是符合公司的最大利益的。

　　(iv) a sustained failure of the director to devote attention to ongoing oversight of the business and affairs of the corporation, or a failure to devote timely attention, by making (or causing to be made) appropriate inquiry, when particular facts and circumstances of significant concern materialize that would alert a reasonably attentive director to the need therefore; or

　　当意义重大的特殊的，可能提示一个尽到合理注意的董事去采取行动应对的事情和情况发生时，董事没有持续地致力于对进行中的公司业务和事务的监督，或没有尽到及时地通过适当的调查(或引起适当的调查)去注意的义务;或

　　(v) receipt of a financial benefit to which the director was not entitled or any other breach of the director's duties to deal fairly with the corporation and its shareholders that is actionable under applicable law.

　　董事收取了其无权获取的金钱利益或任何其他违反董事的义务公平地对待公司及其股东的，依据适用法可控告的行为。

　　(b) The party seeking to hold the director liable:

　　(1) for money damages, shall also have the burden of establishing that:

　　(i) harm to the corporation or its shareholders has been suffered, and

　　(ii) the harm suffered was proximately caused by the director's challenged conduct; or

　　(b)当事人使董事承担下列责任：

　　(1) 金钱赔偿责任，当事人也应该承担举证责任证明：

　　(i) 公司或其股东事实上受到了损害，和

　　(ii) 该损害最有可能是该董事被质疑的行为所导致的;或

　　(2) for other money payment under a legal remedy, such as compensation for the unauthorized use of corporate assets, shall also have whatever persuasion burden may be called for to establish that the payment sought is appropriate in the circumstances; or

　　依据合法的补救所作出的其他金钱支付责任，比如为没有授权而使用公司的资产而作的补偿，当事人也应该承担举证责任，证明在当时的情况下，该金钱支付是适当的，不管其说服力如何;或

　　(3) for other money payment under an equitable remedy, such as profit recovery by or disgorgement to the corporation, shall also have whatever persuasion burden may be called for to establish that the equitable remedy sought is appropriate in the circumstances.

　　依据衡平救济所作出的其他金钱支付责任，比如公司利润的恢复或返还，当事人也应该承担举证责任，证明在当时的情况下该衡平的救济是适当的，不管其说服力如何。

　　(c) Nothing contained in this section shall (1) in any instance where fairness is at issue, such as consideration of the fairness of a transaction to the corporation under section 8.61(b)(3), alter the burden of proving the fact or lack of fairness otherwise applicable, (2) alter the fact or lack of liability of a director under another section of this Act, such as the provisions governing the consequences of an unlawful distribution under section 8.33 or a transactional interest under section 8.61, or (3) affect any rights to which the corporation or a shareholder may be entitled under another statute of this state or the United States.

　　(c) 在任何涉及到对公平问题的争议的情况下，比如依据8.61(b)(3)节的规定对与公司交易的公平性考虑，本节的任何规定都不得(1)改变对既有事实或缺乏其他可适用的公平的举证责任，(2) 改变事实或依据本法其他章节的规定董事不应承担责任的事实，比如关于8.33节规定的违法分配的后果的条款或8.61节规定的交易利益，或(3) 改变依据本州的其他制定法或美国的法律公司或董事有权享有的任何权利。

　　§ 8.32. [RESERVED] (保留的)

　　§ 8.33. DIRECTORS' LIABILITY FOR UNLAWFUL DISTRIBUTIONS

　　董事非法分配的责任

　　(a) A director who votes for or assents to a distribution in excess of what may be authorized and made pursuant to section 6.40(a) or 14.09(a) is personally liable to the corporation for the amount of the distribution that exceeds what could have been distributed without violating section 6.40(a) or 14.09(a) if the party asserting liability establishes that when taking the action the director did not comply with section 8.30.

　　董事如果投票赞成或同意超过依据6.40(a)节或14.09(a)节的规定授权的并作出的分配，如果追究董事责任的当事人证明在实施该行为时，该董事并没有遵守8.30节的规定，则其本人应该就超过依照6.40(a)节或14.09(a)节本应该获得的分配部分的数额向公司承担责任。

　　(b) A director held liable under subsection (a) for an unlawful distribution is entitled to:

　　(1) contribution from every other director who could be held liable under subsection (a) for the unlawful distribution; and

　　(2) recoupment from each shareholder of the pro-rata portion of the amount of the unlawful distribution the shareholder accepted, knowing the distribution was made in violation of section 6.40(a) or 14.09(a).

　　(b) 依据(a)小节的规定就违法分配承担责任的董事有权：

　　(1) 从每一个其他的依据(a)小节的规定就违法分配可能承担责任的董事那里获得补偿;并

　　(2) 从每一个明知该分配是违反6.40(a)节或14.09(a)节规定的，但仍然接受了违法分配的股东获得分配比例中作出扣除。

　　(c) A proceeding to enforce:

　　(1) the liability of a director under subsection (a) is barred unless it is commenced within two years after the date (i) on which the effect of the distribution was measured under section 6.40(e) or (g), (ii) as of which the violation of section 6.40(a) occurred as the consequence of disregard of a restriction in the articles of incorporation or (iii) on which the distribution of assets to Shareholders under section 14.09(a) was made; or

　　(2) contribution or recoupment under subsection (b) is barred unless it is commenced within one year after the liability of the claimant has been finally adjudicated under subsection (a).

　　(c) 一个诉讼程序的执行：

　　(1) (a)小节规定的董事承担的责任被禁止，诉讼程序是在下列日期之后的两年内提起 (i)该分配的效力依据6.40(e)节或(g)节被确定之日，(ii)漠视公司章程的限制而导致6.40(a)节的违法发生日起，或(iii)依据14.09(a)对股东作出资产分配的当日;或

　　(2) (b)小节规定的补偿或扣除被禁止，诉讼程序是在原告的责任依据(a)小节被最终判决之后的一年里提起。

　　第四分章 高级职员 OFFICERS

　　§ 8.40. 高级职员

　　(a) A corporation has the officers described in its bylaws or appointed by the board of directors in accordance with the bylaws.

　　(b) The board of directors may elect individuals to fill one or more offices of the corporation. An officer may appoint one or more officers if authorized by the bylaws or the board of directors.

　　(a) 公司配备的高级职员就是公司在内部规章细则中说明的高级职员或由董事会依据内部规章细则任命的高级职员。

　　(b) 董事会可以选举一些人来担任一个或一个以上的公司高级职员。如果内部规章细则或董事会授权，一个高级职员也可以任命一个或多个的高级职员。

　　(c) The bylaws or the board of directors shall assign to one of the officers responsibility for preparing the minutes of the directors' and shareholders' meetings and for maintaining and authenticating the records of the corporation required to be kept under sections 16.01(a) and 16.01(e).

　　(d) The same individual may simultaneously hold more than one office in a corporation.

　　(c) 内部规章细则或董事会应任命一名高级职员，负责准备董事会议和股东会议的记录，维护并鉴别16.01(a)节和16.01(e)节所要求保存的公司记录。

　　(c) 同一个人可以同时担任一个以上的公司高级职务。

　　§ 8.41. DUTIES OF OFFICERS 高级职员的责任

　　Each officer has the authority and shall perform the duties set forth in the bylaws or, to the extent consistent with the bylaws, the duties prescribed by the board of directors or by direction of an officer authorized by the board of directors to prescribe the duties of other officers.

　　每一个高级职员都有权并应该履行在公司内部规章细则中规定的职责，或在不与内部规章细则冲突的情况下，履行董事会规定的职责或按照董事会授权为其他高级职员规定责任的高级职员的指示规定的职责。

　　§ 8.42. STANDARDS OF CONDUCT FOR OFFICERS 高级职员的行为准则

　　(a) An officer, when performing in such capacity, shall act:

　　(1) in good faith;

　　(2) with the care that a person in a like position would reasonably exercise under similar circumstances; and

　　(3) in a manner the officer reasonably believes to be in the best interests of the corporation.

　　(a) 公司的高级职员在其能力范围内履行职责时，应该

　　(1) 善意地行事;

　　(2) 以一个平常人在类似的情形下合理履行职责应有的谨慎;和

　　(3) 采用该高级职员有合理的理由相信符合公司最大利益的方式行事。

　　(b) In discharging those duties an officer, who does not have knowledge that makes reliance unwarranted, is entitled to rely on:

　　(1) the performance of properly delegated responsibilities by one or more employees of the corporation whom the officer reasonably believes to be reliable and competent in performing the responsibilities delegated; or

　　(2) information, opinions, reports or statements, including financial statements and other financial data, prepared or presented by one or more employees of the corporation whom the officer reasonably believes to be reliable and competent in the matters presented or by legal counsel, public accountants, or other persons retained by the corporation as to matters involving skills or expertise the officer reasonably believes are matters (i) within the particular person's professional or expert competence or (ii) as to which the particular person merits confidence.

　　(b) 高级职员如果拥有了可靠的信息资料，其在履行职责时有权信赖：

　　(1) 一个或一个以上的公司雇员履行合法授权的职责，并且该高级职员有合理的理由相信其在履行这些职责的时候是可靠的和有能力的;或

　　(2) 一个或一个以上的公司雇员所准备或提供信息、观点、报告或陈述，包括财务陈述和其他财务数据，并且高级职员有合理的理由相信在提供上述材料时其是可靠的和有能力的，或由法律顾问、正式会计或其他公司聘用的其他人所提供的涉及技术和专长的信息材料，高级职员有合理的理由相信上述信息材料(i)属于其特殊的个人职业或专家技能范围或(ii)特殊的值得信赖的人所提供的信息。

　　(c) An officer shall not be liable to the corporation or its shareholders for any decision to take or not to take action, or any failure to take any action, as an officer, if the duties of the office are performed in compliance with this section. Whether an officer who does not comply with this section shall have liability will depend in such instance on applicable law, including those principles of Section 8.31 that have relevance.

　　(c) 如果高级职员依照本节的规定履行职责，则对于任何采取行为或没有采取行为的决议或没有采取的行为并不应对公司及其股东承担责任。至于没有依照本节的规定履行职责的高级职员是否应承担责任将取决于适用法，包括8.31节的相关原则。

　　§ 8.43. RESIGNATION AND REMOVAL OF OFFICERS高级职员的退休和免除

　　(a) An officer may resign at any time by delivering notice to the corporation. A resignation is effective when the notice is delivered unless the notice specifies a later effective time. If a resignation is made effective at a later time and the board or the appointing officer accepts the future effective time, the board or the appointing officer may fill the pending vacancy before the effective time if the board or the appointing officer provides that the successor does not take office until the effective time.

　　高级职员在任何时候可以通过向公司递交通知书辞职。除非辞职通知书明确了一个将来的生效日，当该通知被递交给公司时生效。如果辞职通知是在将来生效，并且董事会或任命的高级职员接受了该生效日，在辞职生效日前如果董事会或该任命的高级职员规定继任者要等到生效日才可以就职，则董事会或任命的高级职员可以填补该空缺。

　　(b) An officer may be removed at any time with or without cause by: (i) the board of directors; (ii) the officer who appointed such officer, unless the bylaws or the board of directors provide otherwise; or

　　(iii) any other officer if authorized by the bylaws or the board of directors.

　　(b) 高级职员在任何时候，不管是否有理由，都可以被下列人员免职：

　　(i) 董事会

　　(ii) 任命这一高级职员的高级职员，除非内部规章细则或董事会另有规定;或

　　(iii)任何其他内部规章细则或董事会授权的高级职员。

　　(c) In this section, "appointing officer" means the officer (including any successor to that officer) who appointed the officer resigning or being removed.

　　本节中所说的"任命的高级职员"指的是任命那些辞职或被免职的高级职员的高级职员(包括他的任何继任者)。

　　§ 8.44. CONTRACT RIGHTS OF OFFICERS 高级职员的缔约权

　　(a) The appointment of an officer does not itself create contract rights.

　　被任命为高级职员本身并不为其创设缔约权。

　　(b) An officer's removal does not affect the officer's contract rights, if any, with the corporation. An officer's resignation does not affect the corporation's contract rights, if any, with the officer.

　　高级职员的免除并不影响其与公司的缔约权，如果其有缔约权的话。高级职员的辞职并影响公司与该高级职员的缔约权(如果公司有缔约权的话)。