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¡¡¡¡Mastering a large number of words is essential to achieving fluency in a foreign. An unofficial, but oftenquoted, figure for the Cambridge First Certificate examination suggests that students with a vocabulary of lessthan 3,500 words are unlikely to be successful in the exam. Current research also suggests that nativeEnglish speakers who have been educated up to 18 years old or beyond know at least 16,000 English words.And unless you already speak a language like Spanish or German, there are no short-cuts to largevocabulary in English: you just have to rely on diligence and dedication. Of course you can figure out from thecontext the meanings of some new words you come across in your reading, but more often than not you haveto look them up in a dictionary in order to be clear about their accurate meanings. A practicable way to pickup new words is, perhaps, to read a lot, preferably stories that you find interesting or exciting. It often pays toread the same book over and over again: each time you read it you will learn different new words, and thefamiliar context helps to fix them in your mind.
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¡¡¡¡ Scientists are a small group of people who strive to gain insights into nature, seeking order in seemingdisorderliness. They are credited with a special ability to think and analyze, and with infinite patience inmaking observations and collecting data. But ability and patience do not account for all scientific discoveries,which often have much to do with creative imagination. Indeed a leap of imagination is often the first steptowards discovery. Scientists are also noted for their honesty. They place a high premium on honesty largelybecause it is essential to their career. Every theory they formulate is subjected to further testing. Everymistake or lie is bound to be found out. Therefore if any evidence is found contradicting their ideas, scientistsdo not suppress the evidence but modify or even abandon their ideas. In this way they have built up animmense body of knowledge, which helps us to understand better ourselves and the world around us.