公民权利和政治权利国际公约（中英文）

　　INTERNATIONAL COVENANT ON CIVIL AND POLITICAL RIGHTS

　　公民权利和政治权利国际公约

　　Preamble 序 言

　　The States Parties to the present Covenant,

　　Considering that, in accordance with the principles proclaimed in the Charter of the United Nations, recognition of the inherent dignity and of the equal and inalienable rights of all members of the human family is the foundation of freedom, justice and peace in the world, Recognizing that these rights derive from the inherent dignity of the human person, Recognizing that, in accordance with the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, the ideal of free human beings enjoying civil and political freedom and freedom from fear and want can only be achieved if conditions are created whereby everyone may enjoy his civil and political rights, as well as his economic, social and cultural rights, Considering the obligation of States under the Charter of the United Nations to promote universal respect for, and observance of, human rights and freedoms, Realizing that the individual, having duties to other individuals and to the community to which he belongs, is under a responsibility to strive for the promotion and observance of the rights recognized in the present Covenant, Agree upon the following articles:

　　本公约缔约各国，

　　考虑到，按照联合国宪章所宣布的原则，对人类家庭所有成员的固有尊严及其平等的和不移的权利的承认，乃是世界自由、正义与和平的基础，确认这些权利是源于人身的固有尊严，

　　确认，按照世界人权宣言，只有在创造了使人人可以享有其公民和政治权利，正如享有其经济、社会、文化权利一样的条件的情况下，才能实现自由人类享有公民及政治自由和免于恐惧和匮乏的自由的理想，考虑到各国根据联合国宪章负有义务促进对人的权利和自由的普遍尊重和遵行，认识到个人对其他个人和对他所属的社会负有义务，应为促进和遵行本公约所承认的权利而努力，兹同意下述各条：

　　PART I 第一部分 Article 1 第一条

　　1. All peoples have the right of self-determination. By virtue of that right they freely determine their political status and freely pursue their economic, social and cultural development.

　　2. All peoples may, for their own ends, freely dispose of their natural wealth and resources without prejudice to any obligations arising out of international economic co-operation, based upon the principle of mutual benefit, and international law. In no case may a people be deprived of its own means of subsistence.

　　3. The States Parties to the present Covenant, including those having responsibility for the administration of Non-Self-Governing and Trust Territories, shall promote the realization of the right of self-determination, and shall respect that right, in conformity with the provisions of the Charter of the United Nations.

　　一、所有人民都有自决权。他们凭这种权利自由决定他们的政治地位，并自由谋求他们的经济、社会和文化的发展。

　　二、所有人民得为他们自己的目的自由处置他们的天然财富和资源，而不损害根据基于互利原则的国际经济合作和国际法而产生的任何义务。在任何情况下不得剥夺一个人民自己的生存手段。

　　三、本公约缔约各国，包括那些负责管理非自治领土和托管领土的国家，应在符合联合国宪章规定的条件下，促进自决权的实现，并尊重这种权利。

　　PART II 第二部分 Article 2 第二条

　　1. Each State Party to the present Covenant undertakes to respect and to ensure to all individuals within its territory and subject to its jurisdiction the rights recognized in the present Covenant, without distinction of any kind, such as race, colour, sex, language, religion, political or other opinion, national or social origin, property, birth or other status.

　　2. Where not already provided for by existing legislative or other measures, each State Party to the present Covenant undertakes to take the necessary steps, in accordance with its constitutional processes and with the provisions of the present Covenant, to adopt such laws or other measures as may be necessary to give effect to the rights recognized in the present Covenant.

　　3. Each State Party to the present Covenant undertakes:

　　(a) To ensure that any person whose rights or freedoms as herein recognized are violated shall have an effective remedy, notwithstanding that the violation has been committed by persons acting in an official capacity;

　　(b) To ensure that any person claiming such a remedy shall have his right thereto determined by competent judicial, administrative or legislative authorities, or by any other competent authority provided for by the legal system of the State, and to develop the possibilities of judicial remedy;

　　(c) To ensure that the competent authorities shall enforce such remedies when granted.

　　一、本公约每一缔约国承担尊重和保证在其领土内和受其管辖的一切个人享有本公约所承认的权利，不分种族、肤色、性别、语言、宗教、政治或其他见解、国籍或社会出身、财产、出生或其他身分等任何区别。

　　二、凡未经现行立法或其他措施予以规定者，本公约每一缔约国承担按照其宪法程序和本公约的规定采取必要的步骤，以采纳为实施本公约所承认的权利所需的立法或其他措施。

　　三、本公约每一缔约国承担： (甲)保证任何一个被侵犯了本公约所承认的权利或自由的人，能得到有效的补救，尽管此种侵犯是以官方资格行事的人所为;

　　(乙)保证任何要求此种补救的人能由合格的司法、行政或立法当局或由国家法律制度规定的任何其他合格当局断定其在这方面的权利;并发展司法补救的可能性;

　　(丙)保证合格当局在准予此等补救时，确能付诸实施。

　　Article 3 第三条

　　The States Parties to the present Covenant undertake to ensure the equal right of men and women to the enjoyment of all civil and political rights set forth in the present Covenant.

　　本公约缔约各国承担保证男子和妇女在享有本公约所载一切公民和政治权利方面有平等的权利。

　　Article 4 第四条

　　1. In time of public emergency which threatens the life of the nation and the existence of which is officially proclaimed, the States Parties to the present Covenant may take measures derogating from their obligations under the present Covenant to the extent strictly required by the exigencies of the situation, provided that such measures are not inconsistent with their other obligationsunder international law and do not involve discrimination solely on the ground of race, colour, sex, language, religion or social origin.

　　2. No derogation from articles 6, 7, 8 (paragraphs I and 2), 11, 15, 16 and 18 may be made under this provision.

　　3. Any State Party to the present Covenant availing itself of the right of derogation shall immediately inform the other States Parties to the present Covenant, through the intermediary of the Secretary-General of the United Nations, of the provisions from which it has derogated and of the reasons by which it was actuated. A further communication shall be made, through the same intermediary, on the date on which it terminates such derogation.

　　一、在社会紧急状态威胁到国家的生命并经正式宣布时，本公约缔约国得采取措施克减其在本公约下所承担的义务，但克减的程度以紧急情势所严格需要者为限，此等措施并不得与它根据国际法所负有的其他义务相矛盾，且不得包含纯粹基于种族、肤色、性别、语言、宗教或社会出身的理由的歧视。

　　二、不得根据本规定而克减第六条、第七条、第八条(第一款和第二款)、第十一条、第十五条、第十六条和第十八条。

　　三、任何援用克减权的本公约缔约国应立即经由联合国秘书长将它已克减的各项规定、实行克减的理由和终止这种克减的日期通知本公约的其他缔约国家。

　　Article 5 第五条

　　1. Nothing in the present Covenant may be interpreted as implying for any State, group or person any right to engage in any activity or perform any act aimed at the destruction of any of the rights and freedoms recognized herein or at their limitation to a greater extent than is provided for in the present Covenant.

　　2. There shall be no restriction upon or derogation from any of the fundamental human rights recognized or existing in any State Party to the present Covenant pursuant to law, conventions, regulations or custom on the pretext that the present Covenant does not recognize such rights or that it recognizes them to a lesser extent.

　　一、本公约中任何部分不得解释为隐示任何国家、团体或个人有权利从事于任何旨在破坏本公约所承认的任何权利和自由或对它们加以较本公约所规定的范围更广的限制的活动或行为。

　　二、对于本公约的任何缔约国中依据法律、惯例、条例或习惯而被承认或存在的任何基本人权，不得借口本公约未予承认或只在较小范围上予以承认而加以限制或克减。