神经内科文献翻译

原文

Memory impairments are common after stroke, and the anatomical basis for impairments may be quite variable. To determine the range of stroke-related memory impairment, we identified all case reports and group studies through the Medline database and the Science Citation Index. There is no hypothesis about memory that is unique to stroke, but there are several important facets of memory impairment after stroke: (1) Every node of the limbic system implicated in memory may be damaged by stroke but very rarely in isolation and the combination of amnesia with the associated deficits often illuminates additional aspects of memory functions. (2) Stroke produces amnesia by damage to critical convergence white matter connections of the limbic system, and stroke is the only etiology of amnesia that can delineate the entire pathway of memory and critical convergence points. (3) Stroke also impairs memory, without causing classical amnesia, by damaging brain regions responsible for cognitive processes, some modality specific and some more generally strategic, that are essential for normal learning and recall. 

译文

中风后常发生记忆缺陷，但造成记忆缺陷的解剖学基础有很多种。为确定与中风相关的记忆缺陷类型，我们将自Medline数据库与科学引文索引（SCI）所得的病例报导与群组研究进行分析。尚未有假说认为记忆与中风密切相关，但中风后常出现诸多严重的记忆缺陷。例如， （1）中风可导致记忆相关的边缘系统的节点受损，但是其他结点很少受损。记忆缺失与相关损伤的关联从侧面阐述了记忆功能。（2）中风破坏边缘系统重要交汇处的白质联接，导致记忆缺失。而且，中风是与整个记忆信号通路与关键交汇点相关的唯一病理因素。（3）中风也可通过破坏脑部主管认知过程的组织影响患者记忆力（不导致典型的记忆缺失）。这些过程有些具针对性，而有些则没有，都对正常学习和回忆至关重要。