联合国国际汇票和国际本票公约(上部分 中英文）

　　UNITED NATIONS CONVENTION ON INTERNATIONAL BILLS

　　OF EXCHANGE AND INTERNATIONAL PROMISSORY NOTES

　　联合国国际汇票和国际本票公约

　　(1988年12月9日订于纽约，1990年6月30日以前开放签字)

　　CHAPTER Ⅰ SPHERE OF APPLICATION AND FORM OF THE INSTRUMENT

　　第一章　适用范围和票据格式

　　Article 1 　第一条

　　1.This Convention applies to an international bill of exchange when it contains the headingInternational bill of exchange (UNCITRAL Convention) and also contains in its text the wordsInternational bill of exchange (UNCITRAL Convention).

　　本公约适用于载有国际汇票(贸易法委会公约)标题，并在文内载有国际汇票(贸易法委会公约)等字样的国际汇票。

　　2.This Convention applies to an international promissory note when it contains the headingInternational promissory note (UNCITRAL Convention) and also contains in its text the wordsInternational promissory note (UNCITRAL Convention).

　　本公约适用于载有国际本票(贸易法委会公约)标题，并在文内载有国际本票(贸易法委会公约)等字样的国际本票。

　　3.This Convention does not apply to cheques.本公约不适用于支票。

　　Article 2 　第二条

　　1.An international bill of exchange is a bill of exchange which specifies at least two of the following places and indicates that any two so specified are situated in different States：

　　国际汇票是列明至少下列两处地点并指出所列明的任何两处地点位于不同国家的汇票：

　　(a)The place where the bill is drawn;汇票开出地点;

　　(b)The place indicated next to the signature of the drawer; 出票人签名旁所示地点;

　　(c)The place indicated next to the name of the drawee; 受票人姓名旁所示地点;

　　(d)The place indicated next to the name of the payee;受款人姓名旁所示地点;

　　(e)The place of payment，付款地点。

　　provided that either the place where the bill is drawn or the place of payment is specified on the bill and that such place is situated in a Contracting State.

　　但须汇票上列明汇票开出地点或汇票付款地点，而且两个地点均位于一个缔约国境内。

　　2.An international promissory note is a promissory note which specifies at least two of the following places and indicates that any two so specified are situated in different States：

　　国际本票是列明至少下列两处地点并指出所列明的任何两处地点位于不同国家的本票：

　　(a)The place where the note is made;本票签立地点;

　　(b)The place indicated next to the signature of the maker;签票人签名旁所示地点;

　　(c)The place indicated next to the name of the payee;受款人姓名旁所示地点;

　　(d).The place of payment， 付款地点。

　　provided that the place of payment is specified on the note and that such place is situated in a Contracting State.

　　但须本票上列明付款地点，而且该地点位于一个缔约国境内。

　　3.This Convention does not deal with the question of sanctions that may be imposed under national law in cases where an incorrect or false statement has been made on an instrument in respect of a place referred to in paragraph 1 or 2 of this article.However，any such sanctions shall not affect the validity of the instrument or the application of this Convention.

　　本公约对一项票据所列本条第(1)或第(2)款所指地点有不正确的或虚假的情形，并未规定根据国内法加以制裁的问题。但任何这种制裁均不应影响票据的效力或本公约的适用。

　　Article 3 　第三条

　　1.A bill of exchange is a written instrument which：汇票是一种书面票据，其中：

　　(a)Contains an unconditional order whereby the drawer directs the drawee to pay a definite sum of money to the payee or to his order;

　　载有出票人指示受票人向受款人或其指定之人支付一笔确定金额款项的无条件命令;

　　(b)Is payable on demand or at a definite time;载明凭票即付或在一确定日期付款;

　　(c)Is dated;载有出票日期;

　　(d)Is signed by the drawer. 载有出票人的签字。

　　2.A promissory note is a written instrument which： 本票是一种书面票据，其中：

　　(a)Contains an unconditional promise whereby the maker undertakes to pay a definite sum of money to the payee or to his order;

　　载有签票人负责向受款人或其指定之人支付一笔确定金额款项的无条件承诺;

　　(b)Is payable on demand or at a definite time;载明凭票即付或在一确定日期付款;

　　(c)Is dated; 载有签票日期;

　　(d)Is signed by the maker.载有签票人的签字。

　　CHAPTER Ⅱ INTERPRETATION 第二章　解释

　　Section 1 General provisions 第一节　总则

　　Article 4 In the interpretation of this Convention，regard is to be had to its international character and to the need to promote uniformity in its application and the observance of good faith in international transactions. 　　第四条　在解释本公约时，应当注意到它的国际性质，在适用上促进其一致性的需要和在国际交易中遵守诚信的原则。

　　Article 5 In this Convention： 　　第五条　在本公约内：

　　(a)Bill means an international bill of exchange governed by this Convention;

　　汇票是指本公约规定的国际汇票;

　　(b)Note means an international promissory note governed by this Convention; 本票是指本公约规定的国际本票;

　　(c)Instrument means a bill or a note; 票据是指汇票或本票;

　　(d)Drawee means a person on whom a bill is drawn and who has not accepted it; 受票人是指汇票已对他开出而尚未经他承兑的人;

　　(e)Payee means a person in whose favour the drawer directs payment to be made or to whom the maker promises to pay; 受款人是指出票人指示向他付款或签票人承诺向他付款的人;

　　(f)Holder means a person in possession of an instrument in accordance with article 15;

　　持票人是指按第十五条的规定拥有票据的人;

　　(g)Protected holder means a holder who meets the requirements of article 29;

　　受保护的持票人是指符合第二十九条各项条件的持票人;

　　(h)Guarantor means any person who undertakes an obligation of guarantee under article 46，whether governed by paragraph 4 (b)(guaranteed)or paragraph 4 (c)(aval)of article 47;

　　保证人是指根据第四十六条承担保证义务的任何人，无论其属第四十七条第4款(b)项(保证)或第4款(c)项(担保)的情况。

　　(i)Party means a person who has signed an instrument as drawer，maker，acceptor，endorser or guarantor;

　　当事人是指作为出票人、签票人、承兑人、背书人或保证人在票据上签字的人;

　　(j)Maturity means the time of payment referred to in paragraphs 4，5，6 and 7 of article 9;到期是指第九条第4、第5、第6和第7款所指的付款日期;

　　(k)Signature means a handwritten signature，its facsimile or an equivalent authentication effected by any other means;forged signature includes a signature by the wrongful use of such means;

　　签字是指手书签字、其真迹电报或任何其他方式作出的相同认证;伪造签字包括非法使用上述方法所作出的签字;

　　(1)Money orcurrency includes a monetary unit of account which is established by an intergovernmental institution or by agreement between two or more States，provided that this Convention shall apply without prejudice to the rules of the intergovernmental institution or to the stipulations of the agreement.

　　货币或通货包括由一个政府间机构制定或由两个或两个以上国家间协议规定的一种货币记帐单位，但本公约的适用不得妨碍该政府间机构的规则或有关协议的规定。

　　Article 6 For the purposes of this Convention，a person is considered to have knowledge of a fact if he has actual knowledge of that fact or could not have been unaware of its existence. 　　第六条　为本公约的目的，如果某人实际上对一项事实知情，或不可能不知道该项事实的存在，则应视为此人对该项事实知情。

　　Section 2 Interpretation of formal requirements 第二节　正式条件的解释

　　Article 7 The sum payable by an instrument is deemed to be a definite sum although the instrument states that it is to be paid：

　　第七条　票据应付的金额应视为一笔确定的金额，尽管该票据表明这笔金额的支付应：

　　(a)With interest;附有利息;

　　(b)By instalments at successive dates; 按若干日期依次分期支付;

　　(c)By instalments at successive dates with a stipulation in the instrument that upon default in payment of any instalment the unpaid balance becomes due;

　　按若干日期依次分期支付，并在票据上规定，当任何一次分期支付未履行时，未付的余额即为到期;

　　(d)According to a rate of exchange indicated in the instrument or to be determined as directed by the instrument;or

　　按照票据上订明的或由票据所示办法来确定的汇率支付;或

　　(e)In a currency other than the currency in which the sum is expressed in the instrument. 以不同于用以表示票据金额的货币的另一种货币支付。

　　Article 8 　第八条

　　1.If there is a discrepancy between the sum expressed in words and the sum expressed in figures，the sum payable by the instrument is the sum expressed in words.

　　以文字表明的金额与以数码表明的金额不符时，票据应付金额即以文字金额为准。

　　2.If the sum is expressed more than once in words，and there is a discrepancy，the sum payable is the smaller sum.The same rule applies if the sum is expressed more than once in figures only，and there is a discrepancy.

　　如果金额不止一次以文字表示，而其间有不符之处，则应付金额即以较少金额为准。如果金额不止一次以数码表示，而其间有不符之处，则适用同样规则。

　　3.If the sum is expressed in a currency having the same description as that of at least one other State than the State where payment is to be made，as indicated in the instrument，and the specified currency is not identified as the currency of any particular State，the currency is to be considered as the currency of the State where payment is to be made.

　　如用以表示金额的货币与票据上所载付款地点所在国以外的至少一个国家的货币同名，且该特定货币未经指明为任何特定国家的货币，则该货币应视为付款地点所在国的货币。

　　4.If an instrument states that the sum is to be paid with interest，without specifying the date from which interest is to run，interest runs from the date of the instrument.

　　任何票据载明在付款时应附有利息，而未订明起息日期，则利息应自票据日期开始计算。

　　5.A stipulation stating that the sum is to be paid with interest is deemed not to have been written on the instrument unless it indicates the rate at which interest is to be paid.

　　票据上载明付款金额附有利息，除订明付息的利率者外，视同无利息规定。

　　6.A rate at which interest is to be paid may be expressed either as a definite rate or as a variable rate.For a variable rate to qualify for this purpose，it must vary in relation to one or more reference rates of interest in accordance with provisions stipulated in the instrument and each such reference rate must be published or otherwise available to the public and not be subject，directly or indirectly，to unilateral determination by a person who is named in the instrument at the time the bill is drawn or the note is made，unless the person is named only in the reference rate provisions.

　　计息利率可以固定利率或可变利率表示。为使可变利率符合此一目的，该利率必须按照票据规定的条款，随一种或多种基准利率变化，而且对每一基准利率必须加以公布或以其他方法向公众提供，而不得由出票或签票时在票据上指名的人以直接或间接方式单方面加以确定，除非仅在基准利率规定中指名该人。

　　7.If the rate at which interest is to be paid is expressed as a variable rate，it may be stipulated expressly in the instrument that such rate shall not be less than or exceed a specified rate of interest，or that the variations are otherwise limited.

　　计息利率以可变利率表示时，可在票据上明文规定该利率不应低于或高于某一指定利率，或以其他方式限制可变幅度。

　　8.If a variable rate does not qualify under paragraph 6 of this article or for any reason it is not possible to determine the numerical value of the variable rate for any period，interest shall be payable for the relevant period at the rate calculated in accordance with paragraph 2 of article 70.

　　如果可变利率不符合本条第6款规定，或因任何理由不能确定任一期间的可变利率数值，则应以按照第七十条第2款计算的利率支付有关期间的应付利息。

　　Article 9 　第九条

　　1. An instrument is deemed to be payable on demand：

　　遇有下列情形之一，票据应视为凭票即付：

　　(a) If it states that it is payable at sight or on demand or on presentment or if it contains words of similar import;or

　　载明见票即付或凭票即付或提示即付或载有类似含义的字样;

　　(b)If no time of payment is expressed. 未表明付款日期。

　　2.An instrument payable at a definite time which is accepted or endorsed or guaranteed after maturity is an instrument payable on demand as regards the acceptor，the endorser or the guarantor.

　　载明确定日期付款的票据，于到期后获得承兑、背书或保证，则对承兑人、背书人或保证人而言，即为凭票即付的票据。

　　2. An instrument is deemed to be payable at a definite time if it states that it is payable： 票据载明在下列日期之一付款时，即视为在一确定期间付款：

　　3.

　　(a) On a stated date or at a fixed period after a stated date or at a fixed period after the date of the instrument;

　　在某一规定的日期或规定日期后的一定期间或票据日期后的一定期间;

　　(b)At a fixed period after sight; 见票后的一定期间;

　　(c)By instalments at successive dates;or 按若干日期依次分期支付;

　　(d)By instalments at successive dates with the stipulation in the instrument that upon default in payment of any instalment the unpaid balance becomes due.

　　按若干日期依次分期支付，并在票据上规定，当任何一次分期支付未履行时，未支付的余额即为到期。

　　4.The time of payment of an instrument payable at a fixed period after date is determined by reference to the date of the instrument.

　　在票据日期后的一定期间付款的票据，其付款时间由票据日期确定。

　　5.The time of payment of a bill payable at a fixed period after sight is determined by the date of acceptance or，if the bill is dishonored by nonacceptance，by the date of protest or，if protest is dispensed with，by the date of dishonour.

　　见票后一定期间付款的汇票，其付款时间由承兑日期确定，或在不获承兑而遭退票的情况下，由拒绝证书日期确定，或在免除拒绝证书的情况下，由退票日期确定。

　　6.The time of payment of an instrument payable on demand is the date on which the instrument is presented for payment.

　　凭票即付的票据，其付款时间是该票据被提示付款的日期。

　　7.The time of payment of a note payable at a fixed period after sight is determined by the date of the visa signed by the maker on the note or，if his visa is refused，by the date of presentment.

　　见票后一定期间付款的本票，其付款时间由签票人在本票上签认见票的日期决定，如签认被拒绝时，则提示日期决定。

　　8.If an instrument is drawn，or made，payable one or more months after a stated date or after the date of the instrument or after sight，the instrument is payable on the corresponding date of the month when payment must be made.If there is no corresponding date，the instrument is payable on the last day of that month.

　　开出或签立票据规定在指定日期后的或票据日期后的或见票后的一个月或数个月付款时，该票据应在应该付款的那一个月内的相应日期付款。如果没有相应日期，则应在该月的最后一天付款。

　　Article 10　第十条

　　1.A bill may be drawn： 汇票可：

　　(a)By two or more drawers; 由两个或两个以上出票人开出;

　　(b)Payable to two or more payees.开出向两个或两个以上受款人付款。

　　2.A note may be made：本票可：

　　(a)By two or more makers;由两个或两个以上签票人签立;

　　(b)Payable to two or more payees.签立向两个或两个以上受款人付款。

　　3.If an instrument is payable to two or more payees in the alternative，it is payable to any one of them and any one of them in possession of the instrument may exercise the fights of a holder.In any other case the instrument is payable to all of them and the rights of a holder may be exercised only by all of them.

　　票据如经规定向两个或两个以上受款人中的任一人付款时，可向其中任一人付款;其中任一拥有该票据的人可行使持票人的权利。在其他任何情况下，票据应向全体受款人付款，持票人的权利只可由全体受款人来行使。

　　Article 11 A bill may be drawn by the drawer：　　第十一条　汇票可由出票人：

　　(a)On himself; 向他自己开出;

　　(b)Payable to his order. 开出向他所指定的人付款。

　　Section 3 Completion of an incomplete instrument 第三节　不完整票据的补齐

　　Article 12 　第十二条

　　1.An incomplete instrument which satisfies the requirements set out in paragraph 1 of article 1 and bears the signature of the drawer or the acceptance of the drawee，or which satisfies the requirements set out in paragraph 2 of article 1 and paragraph 2 (d)of article 3，but which lacks other elements pertaining to one or more of the requirements set out in articles 2 and 3，may be completed，and the instrument so completed is effective as a bill or a note.

　　不完整的票据满足第一条第1款的条件并载有出票人签字或受票人承兑或满足第一条第2款和第3条第2款(d)项的条件，但缺乏第2和第3条的一项或多项条件的其他有关要素时，可予以补齐，如此补齐后的票据即为有效的汇票或本票。

　　2.If such an instrument is completed without authority or otherwise than in accordance with the authority given：

　　这种票据的补齐如未经授权或不按照所获授权，则：

　　(a)A party who signed the instrument before the completion may invoke such lack of authority as a defence against a holder who had knowledge of such lack of authority when he became a holder;

　　于补齐前在票据上签字的当事人，可以就这种缺乏授权对在成为持票人时即知道这种缺乏授权的持票人提出抗辩;

　　(b)A party who signed the instrument after the completion is liable according to the terms of the instrument so completed.

　　于补齐后在票据上签字的当事人，应按照所补齐的票据上的条件承担责任。

　　CHAPTER Ⅲ TRANSFER 第三章　转让

　　Article 13 An instrument is transferred： 　第十三条　票据的转让手续是：

　　(a) By endorsement and delivery of the instrument by the endorser to the endorsee;or

　　由背书人对被背书人作成背书并交付该票据;或

　　(b)By mere delivery of the instrument if the last endorsement is in blank.

　　当前手背书是空白背书时，则仅交付该票据。

　　Article 14 　第十四条

　　1.An endorsement must be written on the instrument or on a slip affixed thereto(allonge).It must be signed.

　　背书必须写在票据上或其附单(粘单)上，必须签字。

　　2.An endorsement may be：背书可为：

　　(a)In blank，that is，by a signature alone or by a signature accompanied by a statement to the effect that the instrument is payable to a person in possession of it;

　　空白背书，即仅有签字或签字附加说明表示凭该票据向票据拥有者付款;

　　(b)Special，that is，by a signature accompanied by an indication of the person to whom the instrument is payable.

　　特别背书，即签字并指明凭该票据向何人付款。

　　3.A signature alone，other than that of the drawee，is an endorsement only if placed on the back of the instrument.

　　非受票人仅在票据背面签字即为背书。

　　Article 15　第十五条

　　1.A person is.a holder if he is：具备下列条件之一即为持票人：

　　(a)The payee in possession of the instrument;or 拥有票据的受款人;

　　(b)In possession of an instrument which has been endorsed to him，or on which the last endorsement is in blank，and on which there appears an uninterrupted series of endorsements，even if any endorsement was forged or was signed by an agent without authority.

　　拥有已经背书转让给他或前手背书为空白背书的票据，并且该票据上有一系列的连续背书，即使任一背书是伪造的或是由未经授权的代理人签字的背书。

　　2.If an endorsement in blank is followed by another endorsement，the person who signed this last endorsement is deemed to be an endorsee by the endorsement in blank.

　　如果一项空白背书之后接着有另一项背书，则最后这项背书的签字人即视为该空白背书的被背书人。

　　3.A person is not prevented from being a holder by the fact that the instrument was obtained by him or any previous holder under circumstances，including incapacity or fraud，duress or mistake of any kind，that would give rise to a claim to，or a defence against liability on，the instrument.

　　票据系某人或任何前手持票人在缺乏行为能力或欺诈、肋迫或任何种类的错误等情形下取得，并可能由此导致对该票据的索偿或就责任提出抗辩的事实，不妨碍他成为持票人。

　　Article 16 The holder of an instrument on which the last endorsement is in blank may： 　　第十六条　票据持有人的前手背书是空白背书时，可：

　　(a) Further endorse it either by an endorsement in blank or by a special endorsement; 在该票据上以空白背书或特别背书再作背书;或

　　(b)Convert the blank endorsement into a special endorsement by indicating in the endorsement that the instrument is payable to himself or to some other specified person;or

　　将空白背书转变成特别背书，在该背书内表明该票据向他自己付款或向其他某一指定的人付款;或

　　(c)Transfer the instrument in accordance with subparagraph (b)of article 13.

　　按照第十三条(b)项的规定转让该票据。

　　Article 17 第十七条

　　1.If the drawer or the maker has inserted in the instrument such words asnot negotiable，not transferable，not to order，pay (X)only，or words of similar import，the instrument may not be transferred except for purposes of collection，and any endorsement，even if it does not contain words authorizing the endorsee to collect the instrument，is deemed to be an endorsement for collection.

　　出票人或签票人在票据上加入不可流通，不可转让，不可指定人，仅向(某人)付款等字样，或类似含义的字样时，除为托收目的外，该票据不得转让，而且任何背书，即使其中未载有授权被背书人托收票据字样，也应视为托收背书。

　　2.If an endorsement contains the wordsnot negotiable，not transferable，not to order，pay (X)only，or words of similar import，the instrument may not be transferred further except for purposes of collection，and any subsequent endorsement，even if it does not contain words authorizing the endorsee to collect the instrument，is deemed to be an endorsement for collection.

　　背书含有不可流通、不可转让、不可指定人、仅向(某人)付款等字样，或类似含义的字样时，除为托收目的外，该票据不得继续转让。任何其后的背书，即使其中未载有授权被背书人托收票据字样，也应视为托收背书。

　　Article 18 第十八条

　　1.An endorsement must be unconditional.背书必须是无条件的。

　　2.A conditional endorsement transfers the instrument whether or not the condition is fulfilled.The condition is ineffective as to those parties and transferees who are subsequent to the endorsee.

　　以附条件的背书转让票据时，不问条件是否实现均转让票据。该条件对被背书人之后的各当事人和受让人无效。

　　Article 19 An endorsement in respect of a part of the sum due under the instrument is ineffective as an endorsement.

　　第十九条　对票据应付金额的一部分所作的背书，作为背书是无效的。

　　Article 20 If there are two or more endorsements，it is presumed，unless the contrary is proved，that each endorsement was made in the order in which it appears on the instrument. 　　第二十条　有两个或两个以上背书时，除有相反的证明外，即推定票据上所载背书的顺序为每一背书的作出次序。

　　Article 21 第二十一条

　　1.If an endorsement contains the wordsfor collection，for deposit，value in collection，by procuration，pay any bank，or words of similar import authorizing the endorsee to collect the instrument，the endorsee is a holder who：

　　背书文字含有托收用、存款用、托收价值、代理、向任何银行付款等字样，或类似含义的字样，借以授权被背书人收取票款时，则被背书人为持票人，他：

　　(a)May exercise all rights arising out of the instrument;可行使由票据产生的一切权利;

　　(b)May endorse the instrument only for purposes of collection;

　　仅可为托收目的在票据上背书;

　　(b) Is subject only to the claims and defences which may be set up against the endorser. 仅受可向背书人提出的索偿和抗辩的限制。

　　2.The endorser for collection is not liable on the instrument to any subsequent holder.

　　托收的背书人对该票据的任何后手持票人不承担责任。

　　Article 22 第二十二条

　　1.If an endorsement contains the wordsvalue in security，value in pledge，or any other words indicating a pledge，the endorsee is a holder who：

　　背书文字含有担保价值、保证价值等字样或任何表明保证的其他字样时，则被背书人为持票人，他：

　　(a)May exercise all rights arising out of the instrument;可行使由票据产生的一切权利;

　　(b)May endorse the instrument only for purposes of collection;

　　仅可为托收目的在票据上背书;

　　(c) Is subject only to the claims and defences specified in article 28 or article 30.

　　仅受第二十八或第三十条具体规定的索偿和抗辩的限制。

　　2.If such an.endorsee endorses for collection，he is not liable on the instrument to any subsequent holder.

　　这种被背书人为托收背书时，则他对该票据的任何后手持票人不承担责任。

　　Article 23 The holder of an instrument may transfer it to a prior party or to the drawee in accordance with article 13;however，if the transferee has previously been a holder of the instrument，no endorsement is required，and any endorsement which would prevent him from qualifying as a holder may be struck out.

　　第二十三条　持票人可按照第十三条向一个前手当事人或向受票人转让该票据;但如被转让人以前曾是该票据的持有人，则不需要背书，任何有碍于使他取得持票人资格的背书均可划掉。

　　Article 24 An instrument may be transferred in accordance with article 13 after maturity，except by the drawee，the acceptor or the maker.

　　第二十四条　除受票人、承兑人或签票人外，可在票据到期后按照第13条的规定转让该票据。

　　Article 25 　第二十五条

　　1.If an endorsement is forged，the person whose endorsement is forged，or a party who signed the instrument before the forgery，has the right to recover compensation for any damage that he may have suffered because of the forgery against：

　　如果背书是伪造的，其背书被伪造的人或在伪造前签署票据的当事人有权就因此项伪造而遭受的任何损失向下列人员索取赔偿：

　　(a)The forger; 伪造人;

　　(b)The person to whom the instrument was directly transferred by the forger;

　　伪造人直接向其转让票据的人;

　　(c)A party or the drawee who paid the instrument to the forger directly or through one or more endorsers for collection.

　　向伪造人直接支付票据款项的当事人或受票人。

　　2.However，an endorsee for collection is not liable under paragraph 1 of this article if he is without knowledge of the forgery：

　　但如托收被背书人：

　　(a)At the time he pays the principal or advises him of the receipt of payment;or

　　在他向委托人付款或通知委托人已收到付款时，或

　　(b) At the time he receives payment，if this is later，unless his lack of knowledge is due to his failure to act in good faith or to exercise reasonable care.

　　在他收到付款时(若此情况发生在后)，对伪造毫不知情，应不负第1款所规定的责任，除非这种不知情是由于他未依诚信原则行事，或未尽适当注意。

　　3.Furthermore，a party or the drawee who pays an instrument is not liable under paragraph 1 of this article if，at the time he pays the instrument，he is without knowledge of the forgery，unless his lack of knowledge is due to his failure to act in good faith or to exercise reasonable care.

　　此外，支付票据款项的当事人或受票人如在支付票据款项时，对伪造毫不知情，应不负本条第1款所规定的责任，除非这种不知情是由于他未依诚信原则行事，或未尽适当注意。

　　4.Except as against the forger，the damages recoverable under paragraph 1 of this article may not exceed the amount referred to in article 70 or article 71.

　　除对伪造人外，根据本条第1款可予索回的损害赔偿金额不得超过第七十或第七十一条所提到的数额。

　　Article 26 第二十六条

　　1.If an endorsement is made by an agent without authority or power to bind his principal in the matter，the principal，or a party who signed the instrument before such endorsement，has the fight to recover compensation for any damage that he may have suffered because of such endorsement against：

　　如果背书系由就该事项未经授权或无权约束其委托人的代理人作出，则该委托人或在该背书之前签署该票据的当事人有权就因此项背书而遭受的任何损失，向下列人员索取赔偿：

　　(a)The agent;代理人;

　　(b)The person to whom the instrument was directly transferred by the agent;

　　代理人直接向其转让票据的人;

　　(c)A party or the drawee who paid the instrument to the agent directly or through one or more endorsers for collection.

　　向代理人直接或通过一个或多个托收被背书人支付票据款项的当事人或受票人。

　　2.However，an endorsee for collection is not liable under paragraph 1 of this article if he is without knowledge that the endorsement does not bind the principal：

　　但如托收被背书人：

　　(a)At the time he pays the principal or advises him of the receipt of payment;or

　　在他向委托人付款或通知委托人已收到票据款项时，或

　　(b)At the time he receives payment，if this is later，unless his lack of knowledge is due to his failure to act in good faith or to exercise reasonable care.

　　在他收到付款时(若此情况发生在后)，对于该背书对委托人并无约束力的事实毫不知情，应不负本条第1款所规定的责任，除非这种不知情是由于他未依诚信原则行事，或未尽适当注意。

　　3.Furthermore，a party or the drawee who pays an instrument is not liable under paragraph 1 of this article if，at the time he pays the instrument，he is without knowledge that the endorsement does not bind the principal，unless his lack of knowledge is due to his failure to act in good faith or to exercise reasonable care.

　　此外，支付票据款项的当事人或受票人如在支付票据款项时，对于该背书对委托人并无约束力的事实毫不知情，应不负第1款所规定的责任，除非这种不知情是由于他未依诚信原行事，或未尽适当注意。

　　4.Except as against the agent，the damages recoverable under paragraph 1 of this article may not exceed the amount referred to in article 70 or article 71.

　　除对代理人外，根据本条第1款可予索回的损害赔偿金额不得超过第七十或第七一条所提到的数额。

　　CHAPTER Ⅳ RIGHTS AND LIABILITIES 第四章　权利和责任

　　Section 1 The rights of a holder and of a protected holder

　　第一节　持票人和受保护的持票人的权利

　　Article 27 第二十七条

　　1.The holder of an instrument has all the rights conferred on him by this Convention against the parties to the instrument.

　　票据持有人对该票据各当事人拥有本公约授予他的一切权利。

　　2.The holder may transfer the instrument in accordance with article 13.

　　持票人可按照第十三条转让该票据。

　　Article 28　第二十八条

　　1.A party may set up against a holder who is not a protected holder：

　　当事人可向不是受保护的持票人提出：

　　(a)Any defence that may be set up against a protected holder in accordance with paragraph 1 of article 30;

　　按本公约第三十条第1款可对受保护的持票人提出的任何抗辩;

　　(b)Any defence based on the underlying transaction between himself and the drawer or between himself and his transferee，but only ff the holder took the instrument with knowledge of such defence or if he obtained the instrument by fraud or theft or participated at any time in a fraud or theft concerning it;

　　基于他本人与出票人或他本人与其受让人在票据项下一项交易的任何抗辩，但必须持票人在取得票据时对这种抗辩知情，或他系以欺诈或偷窃手段取得票据，或曾于任何时间参加与票据有关的欺诈或偷窃行为;

　　(c)Any defence arising from the circumstances as a result of which he became a party，but only if the holder took the instrument with knowledge of such defence or if he obtained the instrument by fraud or theft or participated at any time in a fraud or theft concerning it;

　　基于他成为当事人的情况所产生的任何抗辩，但必须持票人在取得票据时对这种抗辩知情，或他系以欺诈或偷窃手段取得票据，或曾于任何时间参加与票据有关的欺诈或偷窃行为;

　　(d)Any defence which may be raised against an action in contract between himself and the holder;

　　对他本人与持票人间的合同内行动可提出的任何抗辩;

　　(e)Any other defence available under this Convention.

　　根据本公约所能提出的其他任何抗辩。

　　2.The fights to an instrument of a holder who is not a protected holder are subject to any valid claim to the instrument on the part of any person，but only if he took the instrument with knowledge of such claim or if he obtained the instrument by fraud or theft or participated at any time in a fraud or theft concerning it.

　　不是受保护的持票人的持票人对票据的权利须受任何人对该票据有效索偿的限制，但必须他在取得票据时对这种索偿知情，或他系以欺诈或偷窃手段取得票据，或曾于任何时间参加与票据有关的欺诈或偷窃行为。

　　3.A holder who takes an instrument after the expiration of the timelimit for presentment for payment is subject to any claim to，or defence against liability on，the instrument to which his transferor is subject.

　　于提示付款期限届满后取得票据的持票人须受制约其转让人的任何对票据的索偿或票据责任提出的抗辩的限制。

　　4.A party may not raise as a defence against a holder who is not a protected holder the fact that a third person has a claim to the instrument unless：

　　除有下列情形之一外，当事人不得以第三者对该票据有索偿的事实向不是受保护的持票人提出抗辩：

　　(a)The third person asserted a valid claim to the instrument;or

　　该第三者对该票据提出了有效索偿;

　　(b)The holder acquired the instrument by theft or forged the signature of the payee or an endorsee，or participated in the theft or the forgery.

　　)该持票人以偷窃手段取得该票据或伪造受款人或被背书人的签字，或参加该偷窃或伪造行为。

　　Article 29 Protected holder means the holder of an instrument which was complete when he took it or which was incomplete within the meaning of paragraph 1 of article 12 and was completed in accordance with authority given，provided that when he became a holder： 第二十九条　受保护的持票人是指以下票据的持有人，即该票据在他取得时是完整的。或该票据属于第十二条第1款所指的不完整票据并已按照授权予以补齐，但必须是在他成为持票人时：

　　(a)He was without knowledge of a defence against liability on the instrument referred to in paragraphs 1 (a)，(b)，(c)and (e)of article 28;

　　他对第二十八条第1款(a)、(b)、(c)和(e)项所指的对票据责任的抗辩不知情;

　　(b)He was without knowledge of a valid claim to the instrument of any person;

　　他对任何人对该票据的有效索偿不知情;

　　(c)He was without knowledge of the fact that it had been dishonored by nonacceptance or by nonpayment;

　　他对该票据曾因不获承兑或不获付款而遭退票的事实不知情;

　　(d)The timelimit provided by article 55 for presentment of that instrument for payment had not expired;

　　该票据没有超出第五十五条所订的提示付款的期限;

　　(e)He did not obtain the instrument by fraud or theft or participate in a fraud or theft concerning it.

　　他未以欺诈或偷窃手段取得票据或未参加与票据有关的欺诈或偷窃行为。

　　Article 30　第三十条

　　1.A party may not set up against a protected holder any defence except：

　　当事人不得对受保护的持票人提出任何抗辩，但下列抗辩除外：

　　(a)Defences under paragraph 1 of article 33，article 34，paragraph 1 of article 35，paragraph 3 of article 36，paragraph 1 of article 53，paragraph 1 of article 57，paragraph 1 of article 63 and article 84 of this Convention;

　　本公约第三十三条第1款、第三十四条、第三十五条第1款、第三十六条第3款、第五十三条第1款、第五十七条第1款、第六十三条第1款和第八十四条规定的抗辩定的抗辩。

　　(b)Defences based on the underlying transaction between himself and such holder or arising from any fraudulent act on the part of such holder in obtaining the signature on the instrument of that party;

　　基于他本人与上述持票人在票据项下的交易或由于上述持票人有任何欺诈行为而使该当事人在票据上签字而提出的抗辩。

　　(c)Defences based on his incapacity to incur liability on the instrument or on the fact that he signed without knowledge that his signature made him a party to the instrument，provided that his lack of knowledge was not due to his negligence and provided that he was fraudulently induced so to sign.

　　基于上述当事人不具备履行票据责任的行为能力，或基于上述当事人在不知道他的签字会使他成为票据当事人的情况下而签了字的事实而提出的抗辩，但须这种不知情并非因其疏忽所致，且须他是被诱骗签字。

　　2.The rights to an instrument of a protected holder are not subject to any claim to the instrument on the part of any person，except a valid claim arising from the underlying transaction between himself and the person by whom the claim is raised.

　　受保护的持票人对票据的权利不受任何人对该票据的任何索偿的限制，但由于他本人与索偿者在票据项下的交易而引起的有效索偿除外。

　　Article 31　第三十一条

　　1.The transfer of an instrument by a protected holder vests in any subsequent holder the rights to and on the instrument which the protected holder had.

　　受保护的持票人转让票据后，即将受保护的持票人对该票据的权利和就该票据拥有的权利授予任何后手持票人。

　　2.Those rights are not vested in a subsequent holder if：

　　如有下列情形，后手持票人即不享有这种权利：

　　(a)He participated in a transaction which gives rise to a claim to，or a defence against liability on，the instrument;

　　他参与了一项引起对该票据索偿或就票据责任提出抗辩的交易;

　　(b)He has previously been a holder，but not a protected holder.

　　他以前曾是持票人但不是受保护的持票人。

　　Article 32 Every holder is presumed to be a protected holder unless the contrary is proved. 　　第三十二条　除有相反证明外，第一个持票人均推定为受保护的持票人。

　　Section 2 Liabilities of the parties 第二节　当事人的责任

　　A.General provisions A.总则

　　Article 33 　第三十三条

　　1.Subject to the provisions of articles 34 and 36，a person is not liable on an instrument unless he signs it.

　　在第三十四和第三十六条规定的限制下，除非一个人在票据上签字，他对该票据不承担责任。

　　2.A person who signs an instrument in a name which is not his own is liable as if he had signed it in his own name.

　　一个人以非其本名的名字在票据上签字，则须如同以其本名签字一样地承担责任。

　　Article 34 A forged signature on an instrument does not impose any liability on the person whose signature was forged.However，if he consents to be bound by the forged signature or represents that it is his own，he is liable as if he had signed the instrument himself.

　　第三十四条　票据上伪造的签字不应使被伪造的签字的人承担任何责任。但如他同意受该伪造签字的约束或声称这是他本人的签字，则须如同他本人曾签署该票据一样地承担责任。

　　Article `35第三十五条

　　1. If an instrument is materially altered: 票据如经重大改动时：

　　(a) A party who signs it after the material alteration is liable according to the terms of the altered text;

　　于重大改动后在票据上签字的当事人按改动后的条件承担责任;

　　(b) A party who signs it before the material alteration is liable according to the terms of the original text. However, if a party makes, authorizes or assents to a material alteration, he is liable according to the terms of the altered text.

　　于重大改动前在票据上签字的当事人按原有条件承担责任。但是，如果某当事人作出、授权或同意某项重大改动，则他应按改动后的条件承担责任。

　　2. A signature is presumed to have been placed on the instrument after the material alteration unless the contrary is proved.

　　除有相反证明外，票据上的签字推定为作成于重大改动以后。

　　3. Any alteration is material which modifies the written undertaking on the instrument of any party in any respect.

　　凡对票据上任何当事人在任何方面的书面保证所作的任何改动，均为重大改动。

　　Article `36第三十六条

　　1. An instrument may be signed by an agent. 票据可由代理人签字。

　　2. The signature of an agent placed by him on an instrument with the authority of his principal and showing on the instrument that he is signing in a representative capacity for that named principal, or the signature of a principal placed on the instrument by an agent with his authority, imposes liability on the principal and not on the agent.

　　代理人经委托人授权在票据上签字，并且票据上显示他是以指名的该一委托人的代表身份签字，或经委托人授权由代理人在票据上签委托人的名字，则此签字由委托人而非代理人承担责任。

　　3. A signature placed on an instrument by a person as agent but who lacks authority to sign or exceeds his authority, or by an agent who has authority to sign but who does not show on the instrument that he is signing in a representative capacity for a named person, or who shows on the instrument that he is signing in a representative capacity but does not name the person whom he represents, imposes liability on the person signing and not on the person whom he purports to represent.

　　一个人未经授权签字或越权而作为代理人在票据上签字，或由经授权签字的代理人在票据上签字但未在票据上显示他是以某一指名的人的代表身份签字，或虽在票据上显示他是以代表身份签字但未指明他所代表的人的姓名，则此签字应由在票据上签字的人而非他声称他所代表的人承担责任。

　　4. The question whether a signature was placed on the instrument in a representative capacity may be determined only by reference to what appears on the instrument.

　　票据上的签字是否以代表身份作出的问题，仅以票据上的内容为准。

　　5. A person who is liable pursuant to paragraph`3 of this article and who pays the instrument has the same rights as the person for whom he purported to act would have had if that person had paid the instrument.

　　依据本条第3款承担责任并支付票款的人所享有的权利与他声称代表的人支付票款后本应享有的权利相同。

　　Article `37 第三十七条

　　The order to pay contained in a bill does not of itself operate as an assignment to the payee of funds made available for payment by the drawer with the drawee.

　　汇票所载的支付命令，其本身不能产生将出票人在受票人处可用于支付的资金转移给受款人的作用。

　　B. - The drawer出票人

　　Article `38第三十八条

　　1. The drawer engages that upon dishonour of the bill by non-acceptance or by non-payment, and upon any necessary protest, he will pay the bill to the holder, or to any endorser or any endorser's guarantor who takes up and pays the bill.

　　出票人负责于汇票因不获承兑或不获付款而遭退票时，并凭任何必要的拒绝证书，向持票人或向取得并支付汇票的任何背书人或任何背书人的保证人，支付票款。

　　2. The drawer may exclude or limit his own liability for acceptance or for payment by an express stipulation in the bill. Such a stipulation is effective only with respect to the drawer. A stipulation excluding or limiting liability for payment is effective only if another party is or becomes liable on the bill.

　　出票人可在汇票上明文规定排除或限制他对承兑或付款的责任。此项规定只对该出票人有效。排除或限制付款责任的规定，只有在另一当事人对汇票负有责任或承担责任时才发生效力。

　　C. - The maker签票人

　　Article `39第三十九条

　　1. The maker engages that he will pay the note in accordance with its terms to the holder, or to any party who takes up and pays the note.

　　2. The maker may not exclude or limit his own liability by a stipulation in the note. Any such stipulation is ineffective.

　　D. - The drawee and the acceptor

　　1.签票人负责向持票人或向取得并支付本票的任何当事人，按照本票所载条件支付票款。

　　2.签票人不得在本票上规定排除或限制他自己的责任。任何此种规定均属无效。

　　D.受票人和承兑人

　　Article `40第四十条

　　1. The drawee is not liable on a bill until he accepts it.

　　2. The acceptor engages that he will pay the bill in accordance with the terms of his acceptance to the holder, or to any party who takes up and pays the bill.

　　1.受票人在承兑汇票以前对该汇票不承担责任。

　　2.承兑人负责向持票人或向取得并支付汇票的任何当事人，按照其承兑条件支付票款。

　　Article `41第四十一条

　　1. An acceptance must be written on the bill and may be effected:

　　(a) By the signature of the drawee accompanied by the word "accepted" or by words of similar import; or

　　(b) By the signature alone of the drawee.

　　2. An acceptance may be written on the front or on the back of the bill.

　　1.承兑必须书写在汇票上，并可因有下列情形之一而生效;

　　(a)由受票人签字并附有已承兑或类似含义的字样;

　　(b)仅由受票人签字。

　　2.承兑可书写在汇票的正面或背面。

　　Article `42第四十二条

　　1. An incomplete bill which satisfies the requirements set out in paragraph`1 of article`1 may be accepted by the drawee before it has been signed by the drawer, or while otherwise incomplete.

　　2. A bill may be accepted before, at or after maturity, or after it has been dishonoured by non-acceptance or by non-payment.

　　3. If a bill drawn payable at a fixed period after sight, or a bill which must be presented for acceptance before a specified date, is accepted, the acceptor must indicate the date of his acceptance; failing such indication by the acceptor, the drawer or the holder may insert the date of acceptance.

　　4. If a bill drawn payable at a fixed period after sight is dishonoured by non-acceptance and the drawee subsequently accepts it, the holder is entitled to have the acceptance dated as of the date on which the bill was dishonoured.

　　1.凡满足第一条第1款所载条件的不完整的汇票，可在出票人签字前或在其他不完整的情况下由受票人承兑。

　　2.汇票可在到期前，到期日或到期后承兑，或在该汇票因不获承兑或不获付款而遭退票后承兑。

　　3.见票后一定期间付款的汇票或必须在某一指定日期前提示承兑的汇票，当承兑时，承兑人必须注明承兑日期;如承兑人未注明承兑日期，则出票人或持票人均可加注承兑日期。

　　4.见票后一定期间付款的汇票因不获承兑而遭退票，期后受票人又承兑了该汇票，则持票人有权要求以该汇票遭退票的日期作为承兑日期。

　　Article `43第四十三条

　　1. An acceptance must be unqualified. An acceptance is qualified if it is conditional or varies the terms of the bill.

　　2. If the drawee stipulates in the bill that his acceptance is subject to qualification:

　　(a) He is nevertheless bound according to the terms of his qualified acceptance;

　　(b) The bill is dishonoured by non-acceptance.

　　3. An acceptance relating to only a part of the sum payable is a qualified acceptance. If the holder takes such an acceptance, the bill is dishonoured by non-acceptance only as to the remaining part.

　　4. An acceptance indicating that payment will be made at a particular address or by a particular agent is not a qualified acceptance, provided that:

　　(a) The place in which payment is to be made is not changed;

　　(b) The bill is not drawn payable by another agent.

　　1.承兑必须是无条件的，承兑如果附加条件或改变汇票规定，即为有条件的。

　　2.如受票人在汇票上规定他的承兑须受条件的限制时：

　　(a)他仍应按照其有条件承兑的规定而受约束;

　　(b)汇票在不获承兑时即遭退票。

　　3.仅对部分应付金额进行承兑，是有条件承兑。如持票人接受这种承兑，则该汇票因不获承兑而遭退票的只涉及该所余部分。

　　4.承兑时注明将在某一特定地址或由某一特定代理人付款的承兑，并非有条件承兑，但必须：

　　(a)付款的地点没有改变;

　　(b)该汇票并非由另一代理人付款。

　　E. - The endorser背书人

　　Article `44第四十四条

　　1. The endorser engages that upon dishonour of the instrument by non-acceptance or by non-payment, and upon any necessary protest, he will pay the instrument to the holder, or to any subsequent endorser or any endorser's guarantor who takes up and pays the instrument.

　　2. An endorser may exclude or limit his own liability by an express stipulation in the instrument. Such a stipulation is effective only with respect to that endorser.

　　F. - The transferor by endorsement or by mere delivery

　　1.背书人负责于票据因不获承兑或不获付款而遭退票时，并凭任何必要的拒绝证书，向持票人或向取得或支付票据的任何后手背书人或任何背书人的保证人，支付票款。

　　2.背书人可在票据上明文规定排除或限制他自已的责任，这种规定仅对该背书人有效。

　　F.以背书或仅以交付方式的转让

　　Article `45第四十五条

　　1. Unless otherwise agreed, a person who transfers an instrument, by endorsement and delivery or by mere delivery, represents to the holder to whom he transfers the instrument that:

　　(a) The instrument does not bear any forged or unauthorized signature;

　　(b) The instrument has not been materially altered;

　　(c) At the time of transfer, he has no knowledge of any fact which would impair the right of the transferee to payment of the instrument against the acceptor of a bill or, in the case of an unaccepted bill, the drawer, or against the maker of a note.

　　2. Liability of the transferor under paragraph`1 of this article is incurred only if the transferee took the instrument without knowledge of the matter giving rise to such liability.

　　3. If the transferor is liable under paragraph`1 of this article, the transferee may recover, even before maturity, the amount paid by him to the transferor, with interest calculated in accordance with article`70, against return of the instrument.

　　1.除非另有协议，以背书和交付或仅以交付方式转让票据的人向他对之转让票据的持票人表明：

　　(a)票据上没有任何伪造或未经授权的签字;

　　(b)票据没有重大改动;

　　(c)在转让时，他不知道有任何事实会损害受让人向汇票承兑人，或在汇票不获承兑的情况下向出票人或向本票的签票人，要求支付票款的权利。

　　2.只有在受让人接受票据时对造成本条第1款规定的责任的情况不知情，转让人才根据本条第1款承担责任。

　　3.当转让人根据本条第1款承担责任时，受让人可以甚至在到期日前，凭退回票据，索回他付给转让人的款额，并加上按照第70条计算的利息。

　　G. - The guarantor保证人

　　Article `46第四十六条

　　1. Payment of an instrument, whether or not it has been accepted, may be guaranteed, as to the whole or part of its amount, for the account of a party or the drawee. A guarantee may be given by any person, who may or may not already be a party.

　　2. A guarantee must be written on the instrument or on a slip affixed thereto ("allonge").

　　3. A guarantee is expressed by the words "guaranteed", "aval", "good as aval" or words of similar import, accompanied by the signature of the guarantor. For the purposes of this Convention, the words "prior endorsements guaranteed" or words of similar import do not constitute a guarantee.

　　1.不论票据是否已获承兑，均可对票据金额的全部或一部为某一当事人或受票人提供付款保证。任何人均可提供保证而不论他是否已为当事人。

　　2.保证应记载在票据上或其附单(粘单)上。

　　3.保证应用保证(guaranteed)、担保(aval)、与担保同(good as aval)等字样或类似含义的字样表示，并有保证人的签字。为了本公约的目的，前手背书保证字样或类似含义的字样并不构成保证。

　　4. A guarantee may be effected by a signature alone on the front of the instrument. A signature alone on the front of the instrument, other than that of the maker, the drawer or the drawee, is a guarantee.

　　5. A guarantor may specify the person for whom he has become guarantor. In the absence of such specification, the person for whom he has become guarantor is the acceptor or the drawee in the case of a bill, and the maker in the case of a note.

　　6. A guarantor may not raise as a defence to his liability the fact that he signed the instrument before it was signed by the person for whom he is a guarantor, or while the instrument was incomplete.

　　4.单是在票据正面的签字即为保证。除签票人、出票人的签字外，单是在票据正面的签字即为保证。

　　5.保证人可指明他所要保证的人。如未指明时，他所要保证的人就汇票而言，为承兑人或受票人，就本票而言，为签票人。

　　6.保证人不得以他在票据上签字在前而他所保证人的人签字在后，或他在票据上签字时票据并不完整的事实作为抗辩理由而拒不负责。